Arctic Science最新文献_第10页

Predation patterns on the tundra – genetic barcoding of scats from two sympatric fox species 冻土带上的捕食模式——两种同域狐种粪便的基因条形码

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-07-19 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0051

C. Wilkinson, Jan Vigués, A. Angerbjörn, K. Norén

{"title":"Predation patterns on the tundra – genetic barcoding of scats from two sympatric fox species","authors":"C. Wilkinson, Jan Vigués, A. Angerbjörn, K. Norén","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0051","url":null,"abstract":"In the Arctic tundra, climate-induced emergence of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), a competitor to the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), is predicted to influence predation patterns of both fox mesopredators. In this study, we i) identified predator species from scats through an established barcoding approach, and ii) explored the use of a cheap, quick barcoding method of fox feces (n = 103). We investigated differences in diet between the red fox (predicted generalist predator) and Arctic fox (predicted specialist predator) over two years with varying prey abundance. We amplified short DNA fragments (< 200 bp) from small rodents, birds and hares. For both predators, there was a high frequency of occurrence of rodents (38 - 69 %) identifying them as primary prey species and birds as secondary prey species (13-31%). This demonstrates the strength of a straightforward DNA barcoding method for dietary analyses in sympatric fox predators, with species-level resolution of prey. Barcoding is a promising tool for future dietary studies, however a few methodological improvements, along with extended sampling, are needed for a more complete assessment of fox predation patterns. Integrating high-resolution dietary analyses has great potential to enhance our understanding of predation patterns in Arctic tundra communities.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42307653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a small-scale approach to assess sea ice change using weekly ice charts, with application to Anguniaqvia niqiqyuam Marine Protected Area 开发一种使用每周冰图评估海冰变化的小规模方法，并应用于Anguniaqvia niqiqyuam海洋保护区

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0045

K. Gully, J. Iacozza, K. Dunmall

{"title":"Development of a small-scale approach to assess sea ice change using weekly ice charts, with application to Anguniaqvia niqiqyuam Marine Protected Area","authors":"K. Gully, J. Iacozza, K. Dunmall","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0045","url":null,"abstract":"Broad-scale changes in sea ice have been documented across the Arctic; however, less is known about sea ice decline at smaller scales, focused at high priority areas such as marine protected areas (MPAs) or places identified as important by Indigenous Peoples. Here we develop a small-scale application of assessing sea ice change using weekly sea ice charts, and apply that to assess sea ice change in Anguniaqvia niqiqyuam MPA (ANMPA) from 1980-2019. Over that 40-year period, sea ice coverage in ANMPA decreased and open water increased by approximately a month (31.6 days at 50% ice; 33.8 days at 20% ice remaining during break up and 80% ice formed during freeze up). Break up has gone from occurring in mid to late July to occurring in late June or early July. Freeze up has changed from occurring mid-October to occurring early November. As sea ice decline may have dramatic impacts for the ecosystem and consequences for the people that rely on this important area, we highlight the need to better understand the impacts of sea ice decline in small-scale priority places and also contribute to the development of community-scale approaches to increase the accessibility of assessing change.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45718571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Future monitoring of litter and microplastics in the Arctic – challenges, opportunities and strategies 未来对北极垃圾和微塑料的监测——挑战、机遇和策略

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.1139/as-2022-0011

J. Provencher, S. Aliani, M. Bergmann, M. Bourdages, L. Buhl‐Mortensen, F. Galgani, A. Gomiero, M. Granberg, B. E. Grøsvik, Bonnie M. Hamilton, T. Kögel, J. R. Larsen, A. Lusher, M. Mallory, P. Murphy, I. Peeken, S. Primpke, J. Strand, K. Vorkamp

{"title":"Future monitoring of litter and microplastics in the Arctic – challenges, opportunities and strategies","authors":"J. Provencher, S. Aliani, M. Bergmann, M. Bourdages, L. Buhl‐Mortensen, F. Galgani, A. Gomiero, M. Granberg, B. E. Grøsvik, Bonnie M. Hamilton, T. Kögel, J. R. Larsen, A. Lusher, M. Mallory, P. Murphy, I. Peeken, S. Primpke, J. Strand, K. Vorkamp","doi":"10.1139/as-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) has published a plan and guidelines for the monitoring of litter and microplastics (MP) in the Arctic. Here we look beyond suggestions for immediate monitoring and discuss challenges, opportunities and future strategies in the long-term monitoring of litter and MP in the Arctic. Challenges are related to environmental conditions, lack of harmonization and standardization of measurements, and long-term coordinated and harmonized data storage. Furthermore, major knowledge gaps exist with regard to benchmark levels, transport, sources and effects, which should be considered in future monitoring strategies. Their development could build on the existing infrastructure and networks established in other monitoring initiatives in the Arctic, while taking into account specific requirements for litter and MP monitoring. Knowledge existing in northern and Indigenous communities, as well as their research priorities, should be integrated into collaborative approaches. The monitoring plan for litter and MP in the Arctic allows for an ecosystem-based approach, which will improve the understanding of linkages between environmental media of the Arctic, as well as links to the global problem of litter and MP pollution.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44304895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Monitoring of microplastic pollution in the Arctic: Recent developments in polymer identification, quality assurance and control (QA/QC), and data reporting 北极微塑料污染监测：聚合物鉴定、质量保证和控制（QA/QC）以及数据报告方面的最新进展

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.1139/as-2022-0006

S. Primpke, A. Booth, G. Gerdts, A. Gomiero, T. Kögel, A. Lusher, J. Strand, B. Scholz-Böttcher, F. Galgani, J. Provencher, S. Aliani, S. Patankar, K. Vorkamp

{"title":"Monitoring of microplastic pollution in the Arctic: Recent developments in polymer identification, quality assurance and control (QA/QC), and data reporting","authors":"S. Primpke, A. Booth, G. Gerdts, A. Gomiero, T. Kögel, A. Lusher, J. Strand, B. Scholz-Böttcher, F. Galgani, J. Provencher, S. Aliani, S. Patankar, K. Vorkamp","doi":"10.1139/as-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"The pollution of the environment with plastics is of growing concern worldwide, including the Arctic region. While larger plastic pieces are a visible pollution issue, smaller microplastics are not visible with the naked eye. These particles are available for interaction by Arctic biota and have become a concern for animal and human health. The determination of microplastic properties includes several methodological steps, i.e. sampling, extraction, quantification and chemical identification. This review discusses suitable analytical tools for the identification, quantification and characterization of microplastics in the context of monitoring in the Arctic. It further addresses quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) which is particularly important for the determination of microplastic in the Arctic, as both contamination and analyte losses can occur. It presents specific QA/QC measures for sampling procedures and for the handling of samples in the laboratory, either on land or on ship, and considering the small size of microplastics as well as the high risk of contamination. The review depicts which data should be mandatory to report, thereby supporting a framework for harmonized data reporting.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41852658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Microplastics in arctic invertebrates- Status on occurrence and recommendations for future monitoring 北极无脊椎动物中的微塑料。发生状况和对未来监测的建议

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.1139/as-2022-0004

B. E. Grøsvik, M. Granberg, T. Kögel, A. Lusher, A. Gomiero, H. Halldórsson, A. K. Madsen, J. Baak, Hermann Dreki Guls, K. Magnusson

{"title":"Microplastics in arctic invertebrates- Status on occurrence and recommendations for future monitoring","authors":"B. E. Grøsvik, M. Granberg, T. Kögel, A. Lusher, A. Gomiero, H. Halldórsson, A. K. Madsen, J. Baak, Hermann Dreki Guls, K. Magnusson","doi":"10.1139/as-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Few studies have been published on occurrence and distribution on microplastics (MPs) in invertebrates from the Arctic. We still need to develop harmonised methods to enable good comparison between studies taking into account recovery rates, size ranges, shapes and polymer types. Here, we review studies on MPs in invertebrates from the Arctic and present suggestions on sampling protocols and potential indicator species. Since information on MPs in Arctic invertebrates is vastly lacking, we recommend to at least include suspension feeding bivalves like mussels in monitoring programmes to function as indicator species in the Arctic. Mussels have also been suggested as indicator species for MP monitoring in coastal regions further south. Although we recognise the challenge with particle selection and egestion in mussels as well as the relatively low concentrations of MPs in Arctic waters, uptake levels seem to represent recent exposures. More research is needed to understand these selection processes and how they affect the bioaccumulation processes. Future research should include studies on whether different functional groups of invertebrates have different exposures to MPs, e.g., if there are differences between sessile versus motile species or different feeding strategies. More knowledge on monitoring strategies for pelagic and benthic species is needed.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43619090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Algal responses to metal(loid) pollution, urbanization, and climatic changes in sub-Arctic lakes around Yellowknife, Canada 加拿大耶洛奈夫附近亚北极湖泊中藻类对金属污染、城市化和气候变化的响应

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0052

B. Sivarajah, J. Korosi, Joshua R. Thienpont, L. Kimpe, J. Blais, J. Smol

{"title":"Algal responses to metal(loid) pollution, urbanization, and climatic changes in sub-Arctic lakes around Yellowknife, Canada","authors":"B. Sivarajah, J. Korosi, Joshua R. Thienpont, L. Kimpe, J. Blais, J. Smol","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0052","url":null,"abstract":"The lakes around Yellowknife (Northwest Territories, Canada) have been impacted by multiple environmental stressors throughout the 20th and early 21st centuries. Here, we have synthesized diatom assemblage data from ten lake sediment cores from the Yellowknife area and used a landscape-scale paleolimnological approach to investigate the cumulative impacts of past gold mining activities, urbanization, and climate warming on aquatic biota. Our investigations indicated that diatom species turnover (measured using detrended canonical correspondence analysis) was highest at lakes closer to the city and mines, as these sites were more severely impacted by land-use changes (e.g. sewage disposal, run-off from waste disposal sites) and roaster stack emission from the gold mines. Diatom assemblage shifts indicative of climate-induced changes to lake thermal properties were also observed across the gradient of human activities. The inclusion of remote sites was useful to disentangle the effects of climate-mediated changes from impacts related to mining and urbanization. This investigation suggests that the diatom assemblages of the lakes around Yellowknife have changed markedly over the last ~80 years and there are no signs of biological recovery since the cessation of mining activities around the turn of the 21st century. The biota of the sub-Arctic lakes around Yellowknife are now strongly influenced by climate-mediated changes to lake thermal properties and the urban lakes are also influenced by the legacies of past land-use changes.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49042327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The power of multi-matrix monitoring in the Pan-Arctic region: plastics in water and sediment 泛北极地区多基质监测的力量:水和沉积物中的塑料

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0056

Jake Martin, M. Granberg, J. Provencher, M. Liboiron, L. Pijogge, K. Magnusson, Ingeborg G. Hallanger, M. Bergmann, S. Aliani, A. Gomiero, B. E. Grøsvik, J. Vermaire, S. Primpke, A. Lusher

{"title":"The power of multi-matrix monitoring in the Pan-Arctic region: plastics in water and sediment","authors":"Jake Martin, M. Granberg, J. Provencher, M. Liboiron, L. Pijogge, K. Magnusson, Ingeborg G. Hallanger, M. Bergmann, S. Aliani, A. Gomiero, B. E. Grøsvik, J. Vermaire, S. Primpke, A. Lusher","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0056","url":null,"abstract":"Litter and microplastic assessments are being carried out worldwide. Arctic ecosystems are no exception and plastic pollution is high on the Arctic Council’s agenda. Water and sediment have been identified as two of the priority compartments for monitoring plastics under the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). Recommendations for monitoring both compartments are presented in this publication. Alone, such samples can provide information on presence, fate, and potential impacts to ecosystems. Together, the quantification of microplastics in sediment and water from the same region produce a three-dimensional picture of plastics, not only a snapshot of floating or buoyant plastics in the surface water or water column but also a picture of the plastics reaching the shoreline or benthic sediments, in lakes, rivers, and the ocean. Assessment methodologies must be adapted to the ecosystems of interest to generate reliable data. In its current form, published data on plastic pollution in the Arctic is sporadic and collected using a wide spectrum of methods which limits the extent to which data can be compared. A harmonised and coordinated effort is needed to gather data on plastic pollution for the Pan-Arctic. Such information will aid in identifying priority regions and focusing mitigation efforts.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46767935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Surface Temperature Inversion Characteristics in Dissimilar Valleys, Yukon Canada 加拿大育空地区不同山谷地表温度反演特征

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0048

Nicholas C. Noad, P. Bonnaventure

引用次数: 1

Anomalous surface elevation, velocity and area changes of Split Lake Glacier, western Prince of Wales Icefield, Canadian High Arctic 加拿大北极高地威尔士亲王冰原西部斯普利特湖冰川的异常表面高程、速度和面积变化

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0039

W. Van Wychen, D. Hallé, L. Copland, L. Gray

{"title":"Anomalous surface elevation, velocity and area changes of Split Lake Glacier, western Prince of Wales Icefield, Canadian High Arctic","authors":"W. Van Wychen, D. Hallé, L. Copland, L. Gray","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Here we use a variety of remote sensing datasets to characterize the evolving extent, surface features, dynamics and surface elevations of Split Lake Glacier, a small outlet of the Prince of Wales Icefield, Nunavut. The glacier started advancing between 1959 and 1975, with a continued increase in terminus area up to present day, coincident with significant upper elevation thinning and lower elevation thickening that cannot be accounted for by surface mass balance. The highest velocities reach >600 m yr-1, with the region of fastest ice motion focused around an icefall that occurs in a bedrock constriction. Distinctive ogives are present in a 1975 air photo of the glacier for the first time, which suggests that rapid motion started by 1970. These patterns are anomalous when compared with the geometry, velocity and area changes of all other nearby areas of western Prince of Wales Icefield and suggest that Split Lake Glacier may be a slowly surging glacier. The surge duration of 50+ years is longer than any other previously described surge within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. These results give further information concerning the wide variety of dynamic and geometrical changes of glaciers across this region.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48607001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Environmental drivers of beluga whales distribution in a changing climate: A case study of summering aggregations in the Mackenzie Estuary and Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area 气候变化下白鲸分布的环境驱动因素:以麦肯齐河口和Tarium niryutai海洋保护区夏季聚集为例

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.1139/as-2022-0003

Aurélie Noel, E. Devred, J. Iacozza, M. Marcoux, C. Hornby, L. Loseto

{"title":"Environmental drivers of beluga whales distribution in a changing climate: A case study of summering aggregations in the Mackenzie Estuary and Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area","authors":"Aurélie Noel, E. Devred, J. Iacozza, M. Marcoux, C. Hornby, L. Loseto","doi":"10.1139/as-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"During summer, the Eastern Beaufort Sea beluga whale population aggregates in the waters of the Mackenzie Estuary and Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area (TN MPA). Guided by local communities’ priorities, this study aimed to better understand beluga summer habitat selection and to examine whether shifts in beluga distribution are expected under a changing climate. We used a resource selection function (RSF) based on aerial survey data and satellite remote sensing images to estimate the likelihood of beluga presence as a function of environmental conditions. The RSF revealed belugas selected warm and turbid waters, with suspended particulate matter concentrations and sea surface temperatures ranging above average estuarine values. These specific conditions support hypotheses on the ecological roles of estuaries for belugas such as providing a thermal advantage for their calves or for belugas epidermal moulting. Using a diachronic analysis, we found a distribution shift towards coastal and inshore waters, areas already experiencing effects of climate change. Thus, the current distribution may reflect beluga responses to a changing climate, selecting warmer and more turbid areas. Our finding provides insight into current and evolving beluga habitat and habitat selection under a changing climate, that may help inform beluga management in the TN MPA.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64456246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0