Buildings最新文献

{"title":"Analysis and Experiment on the Welding Temperature Field of Multi-Layer and Multi-Pass for RHS–RHS Y-Connections","authors":"Zhaoru Yan, Feihong Zheng, Jinsan Ju","doi":"10.3390/buildings14010157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010157","url":null,"abstract":"The temperature measuring instrument was utilized to monitor the welding temperature field at designated points along steel rectangular hollow sections (RHSs) during welding. A total of 32 temperature monitoring points were established on the four surfaces of the RHS branch. Additionally, the welding process was simulated using finite element software to calculate the temperature distribution. The calculated temperature results were then compared with the experimental results obtained from the temperature measuring instrument. The relative errors between the numerical simulation and the experimental temperature results remained within 10%, indicating a reasonable agreement between the two. Once the temperature field was determined, it was used as an input load to calculate the welding residual stress. The longitudinal and transverse residual stresses were analyzed for two paths on the four surfaces of the RHS-to-RHS Y-shaped connection branch. By analyzing the residual stresses, it is possible to evaluate the structural integrity and performance of the welded RHS connection. The analysis process in this paper is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of tubular steel structure projects.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"40 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139448208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation on the Rehabilitation of RC Flat Slabs Using CFRP Sheets to Enhance Punching Shear Capacity","authors":"Mohammed Qusay Abdul Sahib, Reza Aghayari, Mohammad Javad Moradi, M. Tahamouli Roudsari","doi":"10.3390/buildings14010153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010153","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the feasibility of strengthening a flat column–slab connection within the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) has been investigated through experimental study. The experimental program includes a set of nine reinforced concrete flat slab specimens. Three unaltered specimens served as control slabs, while an additional six samples were strengthened with various CFRP configurations to enhance their shear capacity. The strain distribution, ductility, punching shear resistance, stiffness, and crack formation were studied. The result of experimental studies showed that in the direct method of strengthening in which two layers of unidirectional CFRP sheets were employed in two opposite directions, the ultimate punching shear resistance improved by 64%, 44.7%, and 15.3%, with respect to the location of the column connection, as compared with the control specimens. In the case of using one layer of unidirectional CFRP strips, the punching shear resistance was enhanced by approximately 16% and 39%, considering the configuration of CFRP sheets and the amount of strengthened and adhesive layers used. Following the outcomes of this research, the application of CFRPs in improving the resistance capacity of flat slabs against the punching shear is considerable. The reported outcomes were compared with the latest provisions of ACI to show the efficiency of the presented strengthening. Finally, a parametric study was performed assuming different loading locations to assess the effect of the loading region on the response of RC slabs. Results indicate that approaching the loading location toward the RC slab supports results of an increase in the load-bearing capacity and a reduction in the ductility of the RC slab.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"60 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139446668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Simulation of Crack Propagation and Branching Behaviors in Heterogeneous Rock-like Materials","authors":"Wei Xu, Shijun Zhao, Weizhao Zhang, Xinbo Zhao","doi":"10.3390/buildings14010158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010158","url":null,"abstract":"The characterization and understanding of crack evolution in non-uniform geological structures are crucial for predicting the mechanical response of rock-like materials or structures under varying loading conditions. In this study, an improved Peridynamic model with a degree of heterogeneity characterized by random pre-breaking “bonds” coefficients is introduced to capture the intricacies of crack initiation, propagation, and branching behaviors in heterogeneous rock-like materials. MATLAB discrete programs for heterogeneous material models and PD simulation programs based on the FORTRAN language were developed. The effectiveness of the heterogeneous PD model in simulating crack propagation and branching patterns in heterogeneous materials has been verified through dynamic and static (quasi-static) loading cases with pre-notch. The different levels of heterogeneity not only affect the direction of crack propagation but also determine the crack deflection direction and branching patterns. The crack propagation path appears to possess obvious asymmetry in the crack propagation direction. As the load applied continues to increase, the asymmetric multi-crack branching phenomenon will occur. The higher the level of heterogeneity, the more complex the behaviors of crack propagation and branching become. This research provides valuable insights into the interplay of material heterogeneity and crack evolution, offering a foundation for improved numerical simulations and contributing to the broader field of geomechanics.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microclimate-Adaptive Morphological Parametric Design of Streets and Alleys in Traditional Villages","authors":"Yufei Lyu, Lei Zhang, Xin Liu, Xuan Ma","doi":"10.3390/buildings14010152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010152","url":null,"abstract":"Microclimate is a reflection of the climatic conditions within the scope of human daily activities, so it is closely related to human activities. This paper uses Qingshui Village in Hancheng as the research object and the purpose of this paper was to study the influence mechanism of the traditional street spatial form on microclimate and thermal comfort, emphasizing the use of parameterized design platforms in technical methods to construct performance simulations and obtain relatively optimal solutions that are suitable for the spatial form of rural streets and alleys in the region. We select the Universal Thermal Climate Evaluation Index (UTCI) as the evaluation index for microclimate comfort and construct a performance-driven automatic optimization method for street and alley spaces. The results showed that: (1) When the street is in the northeast-southwest direction, the width is taken in the range of 6.5 m–7.3 m, the height of the building on the north side of the street is about 6.0 m, and the height of the building on the south side of the street is about 5.7 m, the comfort rate can reach up to 33.8%. (2) As for street and alley intersections, the focus remains on retaining their original forms while primarily controlling the scale changes. Within streets, the height of the building in the east-west direction is controlled at 5.6 m–6.1 m, the building in the north-south direction is controlled at 7 m–7.4 m, and street widths are controlled between 5.4 m and 6.3 m, resulting in a comfort level of 32.0%; (3) In alleys, east-west building heights are kept between 4.2 m and 5.5 m, and north-south building heights range from 4.5 m to 5.3 m, with widths at around 4.5 m, resulting in a similar comfort level of 32.0%. The research outcomes offer a scientific foundation for the design, creation, and enhancement of the physical environment of local village streets and alleys.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"51 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139445751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a Framework Leveraging Building Information Modelling to Validate Fire Emergency Evacuation","authors":"Bin Wang, Guoqian Ren, Haijiang Li, Jisong Zhang, Jian Qin","doi":"10.3390/buildings14010156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010156","url":null,"abstract":"In fire emergency management, a delayed execution will cause a significant number of casualties. Conventional fire drills typically only identify a certain percentage of evacuation bottlenecks after the building has been constructed, which is hard to improve. This paper proposes an innovative framework to validate fire emergency evacuation at the early design stage. According to the experience and knowledge of fire emergency evacuation design, the proposed framework also introduces a seamless two-way information channel to embed fire emergency evacuation simulations into a BIM-based design environment. Several critical factors for fire evacuation have been reviewed in relevant domain knowledge, which is used to build virtual characters to test in experimental scenarios. The results are analyzed to validate fire emergency evacuation factors, and the feedback knowledge is stored as a knowledge model for further applications.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139446241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in the Properties of Engineered Mycelium-Bound Composites (MBCs) under Different Manufacturing Conditions","authors":"Zicheng Huang, Yaning Wei, S. Hadigheh","doi":"10.3390/buildings14010155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010155","url":null,"abstract":"Mycelium-bound composites (MBCs) are innovative materials created by combining lignocellulosic sub-products with fungal mycelium. These composites possess a remarkable ability to transform waste fragments into a continuous material without requiring additional energy input or generating further waste. The production process of MBCs involves utilising different fungal species, substrates, and pressing techniques, resulting in composites with diverse physical, mechanical, and functional properties. A comprehensive evaluation of MBCs’ properties is crucial to explore their potential applications in the construction sector and ensure their suitability for specific purposes. This study provides a critical evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of engineered mycelium-bound composites under various manufacturing conditions. Additionally, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) methodologies were applied to investigation the optimum conditions for mycelium composites in the construction industry. The outcomes of FCE show the most promising fungal species, offering an optimal balance between material performance and production efficiency. Furthermore, the future development of MBCs manufacturing techniques was reviewed, providing a valuable reference for future research endeavours and showcasing the potential of MBCs applications within the field of civil engineering.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"44 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139446334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Numerical Simulation of Arch Mechanism of Bridge Pile Foundation","authors":"Zhanhui Qu, Zemin Han, Haoyu Tang, Jiangbo Xu, Heping Wang, Yifan Liu","doi":"10.3390/buildings14010146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010146","url":null,"abstract":"Bridges are situated in a complex area with geological conditions that are challenging for engineering. It has been observed that certain pile foundations of bridges have been uplifted to varying degrees by up to 309 mm. This has a significant impact on the bridge’s operation and driving safety. The causal mechanism of the bridge pile foundation arch is analyzed through a theoretical analysis and a Plaxis 3D (v.2013) finite element software simulation. The influence of the ground stress and goaf on the bridge pile foundation under different working conditions is studied. The findings indicate that the uplift of the bridge pile foundation due to an equivalent ground stress is the largest, reaching approximately 300 mm in the bridge valley area. Additionally, the uplift of the non-bridge area in the goaf is greater than that of the bridge pile foundation. These results suggest that ground stress is the primary cause of the arching of a bridge pile foundation.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"32 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139448468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Decision Framework for the Regeneration Awareness of Large-Sized Public Housing Using a Building Transformability Assessment: A Test Case in Italy (Latina)","authors":"Lorenzo Diana, Cristina Passarelli, Francesco Polverino, F. Pugliese","doi":"10.3390/buildings14010148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010148","url":null,"abstract":"In the frame of developing sustainable, reliable, and regenerative interventions on existing buildings, namely on large-scale public housing, the implementation of functional, technological, and effective strategies is devoted to thoroughly assessing the transformability of buildings using trustworthy performance indicators. With this aim, in the present paper, an assessment framework tool is presented and tested to evaluate the potential of buildings for transformation through the detection of regeneration strategies for the reduction of energy consumption, a definition of the new apartments’ internal layout, and the implementation of sustainable systems to foster rainwater harvesting. The procedure is tested on a case study in Latina (Italy), showing its suitability to quantitatively assess the regenerative potentiality of public housing, thus resulting in an effective supporting tool for designers and policy makers.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"65 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139449037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Inerter-Based Dynamic Vibration Absorbers for Wind-Induced Vibration Control of a Desulfurization Tower","authors":"Yang Li, Qinghua Zhang, Yanwei Xu, Jinlong Wen, Zhihao Wang","doi":"10.3390/buildings14010150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010150","url":null,"abstract":"High-rise flue gas desulfurization towers are susceptible to wind loads, which can cause instability and failure in the along-wind and across-wind directions. The tuned mass damper (TMD) has been widely applied in the wind-induced vibration control of high-rise structures. To enhance the control performance and reduce the auxiliary mass of TMD, this study focuses on inerter-based dynamic vibration absorbers (IDVAs) for controlling the vibration response of a desulfurization tower. The dynamical equations of the tower–IDVA systems are established under wind loads, and a parameter optimization strategy for IDVAs is proposed by using the genetic algorithm. The performance of the traditional TMD and six IDVAs in the vibration control of the tower are systematically compared. Numerical simulations demonstrate that both the TMD and IDVAs can substantially mitigate the vibration response of the tower. However, compared to the TMD with the same response mitigation ratio, more than 34% of the auxiliary mass can be reduced by two optimal IDVAs. In addition, the energy dissipation enhancement and lightweight effect of the two IDVAs are explained through parametric studies.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139448808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moment Redistribution in UHPC Continuous Beams Reinforced with High-Strength Steel Bars: Numerical Investigation and Prediction Model","authors":"Ling Li, Bei Li, Wenzhong Zheng","doi":"10.3390/buildings14010149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010149","url":null,"abstract":"Considering moment redistribution in the design of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) statically indeterminate structures can fully exploit the load-bearing potential of members, simplify reinforcement details, and save construction costs. Due to the excellent properties of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) that distinguish it from conventional concrete, new characteristics of the moment redistribution manifest in UHPC structures. In this study, a finite element (FE) analytical model was developed to simulate and analyze the bending behavior and moment redistribution of UHPC continuous beams reinforced with high-strength steel bars. The simulation and test results exhibited excellent agreement with the experimental research. Based on the FE model, a fine analysis for nine simulated two-span UHPC continuous beams was conducted with a detailed discussion of the failure modes, load-displacement curves, variations of support reaction forces, tensile strains of steel bars, and the whole process of moment redistribution. Subsequently, the variation rules of moment redistribution in UHPC continuous beams were explored by an extensive parametric study of 108 simulated beams. The studied parameters included a neutral axis depth factor, concrete strength, yielding strength of reinforcement, beam depth, span–depth ratio, reinforcement ratio between the mid-span and intermediate support section, as well as load forms. According to the numerical results, new formulas for estimating the two-stage moment redistribution in UHPC continuous beams with high-strength reinforcement were established. Finally, a comparison of moment redistribution between normal concrete continuous beams and UHPC continuous beams was performed. It can be observed that the elastic moment distribution in UHPC continuous beams was comparatively smaller, while the plastic moment distribution was relatively larger than those of normal concrete continuous beams. Overall, the degree of the total moment distribution in UHPC structures was greater than that of normal concrete structures due to the high ductility of UHPC. The research in this study may provide a technical reference for the practical engineering of UHPC.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"65 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139449086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}