IF 3.1 3区工程技术

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14082462

Daniel D. Akerele, Federico Aguayo

{"title":"Evaluating the Impact of CO2 on Calcium SulphoAluminate (CSA) Concrete","authors":"Daniel D. Akerele, Federico Aguayo","doi":"10.3390/buildings14082462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082462","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry is a significant contributor to global CO2 emissions, primarily due to the extensive use of ordinary portland cement (OPC). In response to the urgent need for sustainable construction materials, calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) cement has emerged as a promising alternative. CSA cement is renowned for its low carbon footprint, high early-age strength, and superior durability, making it an attractive option for reducing the environmental impact of construction activities. While CSA cement offers benefits in carbon emissions reduction, its susceptibility to carbonation presents challenges. Although the body of literature on CSA cement is rapidly expanding, its adoption rate remains low. This disparity may be attributed to several factors including the level of scientific contribution in terms of research focus and lack of comprehensive standards for various applications. As a result, the present study sets out to track the research trajectory within the CSA cement research landscape through a systematic literature review. The study employed the Prefer Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) framework to conduct a literature search on three prominent databases, and a thematic analysis was conducted to identify the knowledge gap for future exploration. The study revealed that while CSA concrete demonstrates superior early-age strength and environmental resistance, its susceptibility to carbonation can compromise structural integrity over time. Key mitigation strategies identified include the incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), use of corrosion inhibitors, and optimization of mix designs. The review also highlights the global distribution of research, with notable contributions from the USA, China, and Europe, emphasizing the collaborative effort in advancing CSA concrete technology. The findings are crucial for enhancing sustainability and durability in the construction sector and advancing CSA binders as a sustainable alternative to traditional cement.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examination of the Release of Heavy Metals from Self-Hardening Slurries with Fly Ash from Municipal Sewage Sludge Incineration, Considering the Character of Its Operation in a Cut-Off Wall 考虑到城市污水污泥焚烧产生的粉煤灰在切壁中的运行特点，研究自硬泥浆中重金属的释放情况

IF 3.1 3区工程技术

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14082461

Ł. Szarek

{"title":"Examination of the Release of Heavy Metals from Self-Hardening Slurries with Fly Ash from Municipal Sewage Sludge Incineration, Considering the Character of Its Operation in a Cut-Off Wall","authors":"Ł. Szarek","doi":"10.3390/buildings14082461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082461","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the level of immobilization and the mechanism of leaching of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) from self-hardening slurries (SHSs) based on ash from municipal sewage sludge incineration. To mimic the character of the SHS operation in the cut-off wall, the author’s leaching method—a filtration leaching test based on the percolation test—was used. In addition, this paper briefly described the factors affecting the level of heavy metal release from cement composites, as well as the chemical mechanisms and physical processes responsible for this phenomenon. This study showed that SHSs immobilized heavy metals at high levels (≥98.18%), and the aqueous extracts from the samples had a high pH (≥12.9%). Statistically significant correlations were obtained between the concentration of some metals and pH (positive correlation for Cr and Zn), test duration (positive correlation for Cd) and the liquid-to-solid ratio (negative correlation for Cd and Cr). For some of the metals tested, it was possible to determine the release mechanisms: dissolution and wash-out for Cd and Pb, and dissolution for Cr and Zn.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141922923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavior of Lightweight Self-Compacting Concrete with Recycled Tire Steel Fibers 含有回收轮胎钢纤维的轻质自密实混凝土的性能

IF 3.1 3区工程技术

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14082463

Abdullah Alabdulkarim, Ahmed K. El-Sayed, Abdulaziz S. Alsaif, G. Fares, A. Alhozaimy

{"title":"Behavior of Lightweight Self-Compacting Concrete with Recycled Tire Steel Fibers","authors":"Abdullah Alabdulkarim, Ahmed K. El-Sayed, Abdulaziz S. Alsaif, G. Fares, A. Alhozaimy","doi":"10.3390/buildings14082463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082463","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of recycled materials in concrete technology has gained significant attention in recent years, promoting sustainability and resource conservation. This paper investigates the behavior of lightweight self-compacting concrete (LWSCC) with recycled tire steel fibers (RTSFs). The effects of RTSFs on the flowability of the composite material and its density were assessed. The mechanical properties of the developed material were examined and beam tests were performed, aiming to assess its feasibility for structural applications. The compressive and tensile strengths were determined to evaluate the mechanical properties of the developed concrete mixtures. The beam tests were conducted to assess the flexural behavior of the beam specimens. Three different steel fiber contents of 0, 0.5, and 1% volumetric fractions of concrete were used in this study. The test results indicate that incorporating the fibers did not negatively impact the flowability and density of the LWSCC mixtures. In addition, the use of RTSFs enhanced the tensile strength of the developed concrete mixtures, where fibrous concrete showed increases in the splitting tensile strength in the range of 38 to 76% over that of non-fibrous concrete. On the other hand, the compressive strength of the mixtures was not affected. The test beams with RTSFs exhibited improved flexural performance in terms of delaying and controlling cracking, enhancing ultimate load, and increasing ductility. Compared with the control non-fibrous beam, the increases in the cracking load, ultimate load, and ductility index were up to 63.8, 9.3, and 16%, respectively. The test results of the beams were compared with theoretical predictions, and good agreement was found.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141921517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Readiness of Organisations to Adopt Artificial Intelligence 探索企业采用人工智能的准备情况

IF 3.1 3区工程技术

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14082460

Haneen Felemban, M. Sohail, K. Ruikar

{"title":"Exploring the Readiness of Organisations to Adopt Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Haneen Felemban, M. Sohail, K. Ruikar","doi":"10.3390/buildings14082460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082460","url":null,"abstract":"Front-end planning (FEP) is the first step in identifying a problem and analysing a project’s goals and the business case for management to decide whether to proceed with the project. Despite its crucial significance, projects are still underperforming and failing to achieve their objectives. Current research suggests that the emergence of AI promises significant advantages to organisations, particularly for FEP. The purpose of this paper was to explore the readiness of organisations to use AI in the FEP phase to enhance project outcomes. The technology–organisation–environment (TOE) framework was used to evaluate factors influencing the readiness to adopt AI in construction projects in Saudi Arabia. Thirty interviews were conducted with public and private stakeholders in the sector. The knowledge and insight gained from the viewpoints of key decision makers and practitioners allowed for an examination of the main factors impacting the adoption of AI, and any challenges and barriers to it. Findings showed that the support of the government and senior management, and the attitudes and behaviour of employees, were the top three factors in the framework that facilitate the readiness of organisations to adopt AI. Government support influences external support and enhances competitive pressure between organisations; senior management support influences the absorptive capacity and maturity of an organisation; and employees’ attitudes and behaviours are the main contributors to organisational readiness. The proposed framework will assist policymakers in using these factors to overcome the challenges of AI adoption. Additionally, creating strategies aligned with Vision 2030 focuses not only on choosing the best technology to implement but also on how employees can benefit from it.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Night Ventilation on Indoor Thermal Environment of Residential Buildings under the Dual Carbon Target: A Case Study of Xi’an 双碳目标下夜间通风对居住建筑室内热环境的影响：西安案例研究

IF 3.1 3区工程技术

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14082459

Hongyan Xiang, Jing Li

{"title":"Impact of Night Ventilation on Indoor Thermal Environment of Residential Buildings under the Dual Carbon Target: A Case Study of Xi’an","authors":"Hongyan Xiang, Jing Li","doi":"10.3390/buildings14082459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082459","url":null,"abstract":"Effectively reducing the energy consumed by buildings under the dual carbon targets in China was our focus in this study. We used experimental methods to test and analyze the indoor air and average radiation temperatures in a specific apartment building in Xi’an. We compared the impact of night ventilation on the indoor thermal environment using the EnergyPlus software V9.5.0. The results showed that night ventilation is suitable for the typical summer temperatures in Xi’an when the daily temperature range is larger than 6 °C. Night ventilation technology can be used for 76 days from June to August, accounting for approximately 82.6% of this period. The indoor air and average radiation temperatures both decrease with the adoption of night ventilation, with these temperatures decreasing with an increase in the daily temperature range. When the daily temperature range increases from 3 °C to 15 °C, night ventilation can reduce the indoor average and radiation temperatures by a maximum of 1.07 and 0.47 °C, respectively, on typical meteorological days. When the daily temperature range is 15 °C, the maximum energy savings is 4.85 kWh/d, and the cost saving index for air conditioning operation is 0.065 CNY/(m2·d). With a daily temperature range of 3 °C, the air conditioning operating costs are reduced by 63.7%. Our study provides a reference for building energy conservation and the creation of comfortable indoor thermal environments under the dual carbon target: a carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Internal Damping Ratio of Normal- and High-Strength Concrete Considering Mechanical Damage Evolution 考虑机械损伤演变的普通混凝土和高强度混凝土内部阻尼比

IF 3.1 3区工程技术

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14082446

Gustavo de Miranda Saleme Gidrão, P. A. Krahl, R. Bosse, Laura Silvestro, Rodrigo S. Ribeiro, Geannina Lima, R. Carrazedo

{"title":"Internal Damping Ratio of Normal- and High-Strength Concrete Considering Mechanical Damage Evolution","authors":"Gustavo de Miranda Saleme Gidrão, P. A. Krahl, R. Bosse, Laura Silvestro, Rodrigo S. Ribeiro, Geannina Lima, R. Carrazedo","doi":"10.3390/buildings14082446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082446","url":null,"abstract":"This paper significantly extends investigations into internal damping ratios in both undamaged and damaged conditions for normal-strength concretes (NSCs) and high-strength concretes (HSCs). This study examines concretes with compressive strengths ranging from 42 to 83 MPa. Cyclic loads were applied using a servo-controlled hydraulic testing machine, and for each cyclic step, the dynamic elastic modulus (Ed) and internal damping ratio (ξ) were determined through acoustic tests. The results show that the normal-strength concretes (fc=42 MPa) exhibited an undamaged internal damping ratio of ξ=0.5%, reaching a maximum of ξ=2.5% at a damage index of 0.8. Conversely, the high-strength concrete mixtures (fc=83 MPa) showed an undamaged internal damping ratio of ξ=0.29%, with a peak value of ξ=0.93% at a damage index of 0.32. The initial internal damping values are influenced by porosity and transition zones, which affect the material behavior under cyclic loads. Progressive damage leads to increased Coulomb damping due the cracking process. Few studies have quantified and comprehended the internal damping ratio under cyclic loading-induced damage, and this research advances our understanding of NSC and HSC behavior under dynamic excitation and damage evolution, especially in impact scenarios.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review of Intelligent Subway Tunnels Based on Digital Twin Technology 基于数字孪生技术的智能地铁隧道综述

IF 3.1 3区工程技术

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14082452

Yuhong Zhao, Yuhang Liu, Enyi Mu

{"title":"A Review of Intelligent Subway Tunnels Based on Digital Twin Technology","authors":"Yuhong Zhao, Yuhang Liu, Enyi Mu","doi":"10.3390/buildings14082452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082452","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of a new generation of smart cities puts forward higher requirements for the digitization and intelligence of subway tunnel engineering. Digital twin technology has shown great potential in high-fidelity modeling, virtual–real mapping, and decision support based on data analysis, but its research is still in its infancy. To this end, this paper first discusses in depth the inherent complexity and safety risks of subway tunnel construction and emphasizes the significant advantages of digital twin technology compared with traditional technology. Then, by summarizing the existing concepts, this paper proposes a specific explanation of DT applicable to subway tunnel engineering. In order to deeply analyze the potential of digital twin technology in subway tunnel engineering, this paper first conducts a bibliometric analysis and organizes the relevant research directions in recent years based on a visual map. Then, the application of DT in the field of subway tunnel engineering is discussed, including the modeling method of the subway digital twin, intelligent management of the construction process, safety guarantee, operation and maintenance, and resource optimization of traffic facilities in subway stations. Finally, this paper discusses the prospects and gaps of digital twin technology in theoretical and practical applications, aiming to promote the practical application of this technology in subway tunnel engineering. Through the summary and prospect of the existing research, this paper provides a valuable reference for future research directions and practical applications.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glass-Aluminium Partition Walls with High-Damping Rubber Devices: Seismic Design and Numerical Analyses 带高阻尼橡胶装置的玻璃-铝隔墙：抗震设计与数值分析

IF 3.1 3区工程技术

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14082445

F. Scozzese, A. Zona, A. Dall’Asta

{"title":"Glass-Aluminium Partition Walls with High-Damping Rubber Devices: Seismic Design and Numerical Analyses","authors":"F. Scozzese, A. Zona, A. Dall’Asta","doi":"10.3390/buildings14082445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082445","url":null,"abstract":"An innovative solution for aluminium-glass partition walls that can withstand seismic actions without damage is presented. The key feature characterising the proposed innovation is a dissipative coupling between the components of the partition wall, i.e., the glass plates and the surrounding aluminium frame, accomplished through the interposition of high-damping rubber pads (HDRPs). Sliding mechanisms between glass panels and the aluminium frame are permitted through specific detailing solutions, which allow the partition wall to be unsensitive to the inter-storey drift imposed by the hosting structure. A detailed discussion of the system conception is illustrated, showing the main intermediate steps that led to the final solution. The implementation of a refined numerical model is illustrated, and its characteristic parameters are calibrated according to a set of experimental tests previously performed on materials and subcomponents. A numerical application to a case study consisting of a partition wall system installed within a three-storey building is provided to assess the performance of the proposed innovative solution under severe earthquakes.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Piezoelectric Gauge of Small Dynamic Bending Strains 小动态弯曲应力压电测量仪

IF 3.1 3区工程技术

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14082447

Nelly Rogacheva, Vladimir Sidorov, Yulia Zheglova

引用次数: 0

Barriers to the Integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in Modular Construction in Sub-Saharan Africa 撒哈拉以南非洲地区在模块化建筑中整合建筑信息模型（BIM）的障碍

IF 3.1 3区工程技术

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14082448

Lukman O. Saliu, Rehema J. Monko, Sam Zulu, Godwin Maro

{"title":"Barriers to the Integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in Modular Construction in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Lukman O. Saliu, Rehema J. Monko, Sam Zulu, Godwin Maro","doi":"10.3390/buildings14082448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082448","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry is constantly evolving through government policies, technologies, and innovative processes. BIM and modular construction are innovative concepts aimed at achieving sustainable smart cities by enhancing cost performance, efficiency, and sustainability. Despite growing global interest in their integration, there is a notable knowledge gap in sub-Saharan Africa. As a result, this research aims to explore the barriers to integrating BIM into modular construction in sub-Saharan Africa. The study adopted a non-experimental design, using a four-stage methodological framework. Initially, a literature review was carried out to conceptualize the study. Stage two involves a pilot survey to create an adequate data collection instrument. In the third stage, 81 registered companies were purposely selected, and data was collected through an online survey. Finally, the fourth stage uses descriptive and inferential techniques to make logical and informed conclusions. The top-ranked barriers are high initial costs, insufficient cross-field expertise, stakeholder collaboration problems, limited software interoperability, and skills shortages. Recommendations include early stakeholder collaboration, BIM execution plan development by modular companies, improved staff training, and increasing financial support from the government. Future research should explore country-specific barriers and case studies to aid the integration of the two innovative solutions in the region.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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