Buildings最新文献_第2页

Fracture Disaster Assessment of Model Concrete Piles in Loess Slope Engineering under Non-Uniform Lateral Loading 非均匀侧向荷载下黄土边坡工程混凝土模型桩的断裂灾害评估

IF 3.8 3区工程技术

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14010173

Weishi Bai, Rongjian Li, Guoqiang Lin, Rongjin Li, Hao Jiang, Laizhu Wang, Chaoneng Bai

引用次数: 0

Feasibility Study of Steel Derailment Containment Provisions through Quasi-Static Experiments 通过准静态实验研究钢制脱轨防护装置的可行性

IF 3.8 3区工程技术

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14010171

Huy Q Nguyen, Hoe-Jin Kim, Nam-Hyoung Lim, Yun-Suk Kang, Jung J. Kim

{"title":"Feasibility Study of Steel Derailment Containment Provisions through Quasi-Static Experiments","authors":"Huy Q Nguyen, Hoe-Jin Kim, Nam-Hyoung Lim, Yun-Suk Kang, Jung J. Kim","doi":"10.3390/buildings14010171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010171","url":null,"abstract":"Railway derailments present a safety hazard, carrying the potential for severe consequences for both human lives and the economy. Implementing derailment containment provisions (DCPs) near the track centerline is essential for mitigating risks in operating high-speed rail (HSR) while providing significant advantages for the large-scale upgrade of existing railway infrastructure. Therefore, this paper investigated the feasibility of a DCP system made of steel through quasi-static experiments, aiming to enhance safety in HSR operations. Initially, single anchor tests were conducted to assess its capacity to withstand applied loads, prevent the pullout of steel anchors, and avoid the local rotation of the steel frame. Then, full-scale steel DCP systems were manufactured and tested for quasi-static load at different locations, including the mid-anchor, the mid-span, and the end-anchor. The relationship between applied load and displacement, along with the initial stiffness of the DCP specimens, was discussed. The findings revealed that the single anchor can withstand an applied load of up to 197.9 kN. The DCP specimen maintained structural integrity at the 207 kN target load under all load scenarios, showing a maximum displacement of 8.93 mm in the case of applied load at mid-span. Furthermore, the initial stiffness of the DCP systems was 1.77 to 2.55 times greater than that of a single anchor, validating a force-bearing coordination mechanism among neighboring anchors and the substantial impact of the applied load positions on their stiffness.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"84 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139440747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Plasticizers on the Nature of the Alkali-Silicate Corrosion in Cement Composites 增塑剂对水泥复合材料中碱硅酸盐腐蚀性质的影响

IF 3.8 3区工程技术

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14010172

Andrey P. Pustovgar, Yury R. Krivoborodov, A. Adamtsevich, A. Elenova, Kseniya A. Butenko, Dmitrii V. Kramerov, Anton M. Bugaev

{"title":"The Impact of Plasticizers on the Nature of the Alkali-Silicate Corrosion in Cement Composites","authors":"Andrey P. Pustovgar, Yury R. Krivoborodov, A. Adamtsevich, A. Elenova, Kseniya A. Butenko, Dmitrii V. Kramerov, Anton M. Bugaev","doi":"10.3390/buildings14010172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010172","url":null,"abstract":"This research work attempts to reveal the mechanism of alkali corrosion in cement composites in the presence of plasticizers based on polycarboxylates (PCE), naphtha-lene-formaldehydes (SPNF), and lignosulfonates by maintaining a high pH of the liquid phase and additionally containing monovalent alkali earth metals in cement stone, as well as stopping this process by introducing an active mineral additive. ASR is studied by changing the relative strain with time according to ASTM C-1260. Deformation changes were confirmed by SEM and RFA studies of hydration products and ASR in the microstructure. Separate use of PCE plasticizers in the cement composition increases deformation by 50% to the 56th day; the use of SPNF increases deformation by 10% compared with the additive-free composition. The use of PLS reduces the relative deformation by 25%. The introduction of silica fume into cementitious composites containing plasticizers actually stops ASR only for a short time. A reduction in deformation during MC use together with plasticizer based on naphthalene sulfonate and polycarboxylate occurs only when the dosage of MS is increased to 20–30%; at a lower dosage, the effect is negative, which also affects the phase composition of the composites. The introduction of MC increases the value of the relative deformation compared with plasticizer compositions based only on PLS. SEM studies have detected microcracks and dense fine-crystalline silicate gel, which cause deformation changes in cement composite samples. Research has shown that concrete modified with SPNF and PCE at the maximum dosage of MC (30%) has minimal deformation rates and can be used to select optimal concrete compositions. The results of this study could help to minimize risks, prevent unacceptable expansion, and ensure the high quality of concrete and concrete products during their use as part of various nature-modifying additives.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"41 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simple Nonlinear Numerical Modeling for Unreinforced and FRP-Reinforced Masonry Domes 非加固和 FRP 加固砌体穹顶的简单非线性数值建模

IF 3.8 3区工程技术

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14010166

Alessandro Gandolfi, N. Pingaro, Gabriele Milani

{"title":"Simple Nonlinear Numerical Modeling for Unreinforced and FRP-Reinforced Masonry Domes","authors":"Alessandro Gandolfi, N. Pingaro, Gabriele Milani","doi":"10.3390/buildings14010166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010166","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new method to model the nonlinear behavior of double-curvature masonry structures, possibly reinforced by composite materials, by means of conventional elasto-plastic analyses. The method is meant to be used in professional design, especially for assessment and retrofitting purposes, based on the exploitation of the simplest nonlinear finite elements available in commercial software, namely, trusses with elasto-fragile and elasto-ductile behavior (Cutoff Bars, according for instance to the definition provided by Strand7 R3.1.3a). Numerical static nonlinear analyses are carried out by considering elastic hexahedral elements for bricks and by lumping nonlinearities on joints. These are assumed, in turn, to be elastic–brittle and elastic–plastic by using 1D elements, namely, Point Contacts, under the No-Tension Material hypothesis, and Cutoff Bars, respectively, assigning a small tensile resistance to the material. The reinforcement, realized with FRP hooping strips, is successfully modeled in a similar fashion, i.e., by applying perfectly bonded elastic–plastic Cutoff Bars at the extrados of the dome, where debonding is accounted for in a conventional way, limiting the tensile strength according to Italian Standards’ indications. The procedure is validated against benchmark models with the same geometry, using experimental data and more refined structural model results for comparison. After an in-depth analysis of the obtained results, in terms of capacity curves, the robustness and accuracy of the proposed approach are assessed.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geometric Properties of Steel Components with Stability and Fatigue Risks Using 3D-Laser-Scanning 利用 3D 激光扫描技术测量具有稳定性和疲劳风险的钢部件的几何特性

IF 3.8 3区工程技术

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14010168

Zheng Li, Qiulei Zhang, F. Shi, Jian Wang, Hartmut Pasternak

{"title":"Geometric Properties of Steel Components with Stability and Fatigue Risks Using 3D-Laser-Scanning","authors":"Zheng Li, Qiulei Zhang, F. Shi, Jian Wang, Hartmut Pasternak","doi":"10.3390/buildings14010168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010168","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, 3D laser scanning technology is extensively employed in laboratory investigations of steel structural components, providing accurate geometric dimensions to reduce uncertainties caused by indeterminate geometry in experimental results. It is often used in conjunction with the Finite Element (FE) Method and analytical solutions, which are more accurate deterministic operators in the research on steel structures. However, establishing a common methodological framework for transferring or mapping 3D-scanned information into finite element models for complex steel structures with stability and fatigue risks remains an ongoing task. In light of this, this study has developed a 3D scanning platform capable of obtaining accurate geometric dimensions for various types of steel components. Different coordinate systems and point cloud mapping algorithms have been established for different types of components to construct actual finite element models with initial imperfections. The feasibility of the self-developed 3D scanning platform and finite element modelling has been validated through three experimental cases: weld details, steel girders, and cylindrical shells. The research findings demonstrate that the captured point cloud can be automatically processed and corrected using the developed algorithm. The scanned data can then be input into the numerical model using various mapping algorithms tailored to the specific geometric properties of the specimens. The differences between the experimental test results and the simulated results obtained from the 3D-scanned finite element models remain within a small range. The self-developed 3D scanning platform and finite element modelling technique effectively capture the actual dimensions of different steel components, enabling the prediction of their stability and fatigue risks through numerical simulations.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"5 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical Properties and Influence Factors of Ordinary Shear Links 普通剪切链接的机械特性和影响因素

IF 3.8 3区工程技术

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14010160

Shujun Hu, Shangwen Liu, Sizhi Zeng, Tiefeng Shao

{"title":"Mechanical Properties and Influence Factors of Ordinary Shear Links","authors":"Shujun Hu, Shangwen Liu, Sizhi Zeng, Tiefeng Shao","doi":"10.3390/buildings14010160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010160","url":null,"abstract":"The current specification requires the same limiting values of inelastic rotation and the overstrength factor for shear links with a length ratio less than 1.6. However, recent studies have shown that the mechanical properties of ordinary shear links with a length ratio ranging from 1.0 to 1.6 are obviously different from those of very short shear links with a length ratio less than 1.0. Additionally, shear links made of different steel materials have differences in mechanical properties. Based on Q345 steel, three ordinary shear links with a length ratio of 1.36 were designed to intensively explore the influence of stiffener configurations and spacing on mechanical properties. Under cyclic loading tests, the failure modes, hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, secant stiffness curves and energy dissipation capacities of shear link specimens were recorded. The results show that the overstrength factor and inelastic rotation of specimens SL-1 and SL-2, which had different stiffener configurations, reached 1.59 and 0.10, while those of specimen SL-3, which had wider stiffener spacing, reached 1.48 and 0.07, which showed that varying the stiffener configuration has no obvious effect, while relaxing stiffener spacing can result in severe buckling of the web. Additionally, its bearing capacity, inelastic rotation, secant stiffness and energy dissipation capacity reduced. Hence, the stiffener spacing should satisfy the requirements of the specification and not be too wide. Based on ABAQUS software, finite element models of ordinary shear links proved to be accurately consistent with test specimens in terms of mechanical properties. On this basis, 114 numerical models of ordinary shear links with different length ratios, stiffener spacings, flange-to-web area ratios, flange strengths, web depth-to-thickness ratios and stiffener thicknesses were designed to study the influence on the overstrength factor.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Concrete Performance with Crumb Rubber and Waste Materials: A Study on Mechanical and Durability Properties 用碎屑橡胶和废料提高混凝土性能：机械和耐久性能研究

IF 3.8 3区工程技术

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14010161

Karan Moolchandani, Abhay Sharma, D. Kishan

{"title":"Enhancing Concrete Performance with Crumb Rubber and Waste Materials: A Study on Mechanical and Durability Properties","authors":"Karan Moolchandani, Abhay Sharma, D. Kishan","doi":"10.3390/buildings14010161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010161","url":null,"abstract":"In addressing the dual challenges of sustainable waste management and environmental conservation in the construction industry, particularly the disposal of waste tire crumb rubber (CR) and the demand for eco-friendly building materials, this study explores a novel solution. It examines the sustainable incorporation of waste tire crumb rubber and mineral additions—namely silica fume (SF), marble slurry powder (MSP), and fly ash (FA)—as partial substitutes for natural fine aggregates and cement in concrete. Through comprehensive testing of seventeen concrete samples, the study reveals that the specific mix of R10S5M10F15 that contained 10% crumb rubber as replacement of fine aggregates, and 5% silica fume, 10% marble slurry powder and 15% fly ash as replacements of cement, not only achieves compressive and split tensile strength comparable to the control mix, while the 90 days flexural strength was improved by 4.48%; credited to SF’s pozzolanic action and the filler effects of MSP and FA, but also that the inclusion of CR, while reducing compressive strength due to material variations, enhances ductility and improves resistance to sulfate and acid attacks, despite increasing water absorption. The primary goal of this research is to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of using waste materials in concrete to foster more sustainable construction practices. The objectives include a detailed assessment of the mechanical properties and durability of concrete incorporating these waste materials, aiming to determine the optimal mix proportions for their effective utilization. This study’s novelty lies in its detailed analysis of the synergistic effects of combining CR, SF, MSP, and FA in concrete, contributing to the field by offering a sustainable alternative approach to traditional concrete formulations and highlighting the delicate balance required for optimized concrete performance.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"54 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantitative Analysis of Bolt Loosening Angle Based on Deep Learning 基于深度学习的螺栓松动角度定量分析

IF 3.8 3区工程技术

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14010163

Yi Qian, Chuyue Huang, Beilin Han, Fan Cheng, Shengqiang Qiu, Hongyang Deng, Xiang Duan, Hengbin Zheng, Zhiwei Liu, Jie Wu

引用次数: 0

Parametric Study on Seismic Performance of Slender T-Shaped RC Walls Subjected to Biaxial Loading 承受双轴荷载的细长 T 形 RC 墙抗震性能参数研究

IF 3.8 3区工程技术

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14010162

Meng Wu, Bin Wang, Qingxuan Shi, Wenzhe Cai

{"title":"Parametric Study on Seismic Performance of Slender T-Shaped RC Walls Subjected to Biaxial Loading","authors":"Meng Wu, Bin Wang, Qingxuan Shi, Wenzhe Cai","doi":"10.3390/buildings14010162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010162","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the effects of parameters on the seismic performance of slender T-shaped RC walls subjected to a biaxial seismic action, a numerical model was established using a fiber-based cross-section and displacement-based beam–column element. The axial load ratio, shear span ratio, flange width to web height ratio, concrete strength grade, stirrup ratio, and longitudinal reinforcement ratio were selected for the parametric study, and the effects of these parameters on the performance degradation under biaxial loading were investigated. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis of various parameters for the decrease was conducted. The results showed that the bearing and deformation capacities under biaxial loading were both decreased, and the total energy consumption was greater than that under uniaxial loading. The impacts of different parameters and loading paths on the decrease extent were significantly different, and the overall reduction was greater in the flange direction than in the web direction. Under the square loading path, the T-shaped wall had the greatest reduction in its seismic performance, followed by the eight-shaped and cruciform loading paths. The changes in the axial load ratio, shear span ratio, and concrete strength significantly affected the performance degradation under biaxial loading. Accordingly, it is recommended to reasonably consider the values of these three parameters in a multidimensional seismic design to maintain safety redundancy.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microscopic Properties of Asphalt and Polyethylene at an Extraordinary High Dosage through Molecular Dynamics Simulation 通过分子动力学模拟研究超高剂量下沥青和聚乙烯的微观特性

IF 3.8 3区工程技术

Buildings Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.3390/buildings14010164

Yuye Jin, Haoyi Li, Jie Chen, Qianqian Wang, Yanhua Bao, Shuguang Hou

{"title":"Microscopic Properties of Asphalt and Polyethylene at an Extraordinary High Dosage through Molecular Dynamics Simulation","authors":"Yuye Jin, Haoyi Li, Jie Chen, Qianqian Wang, Yanhua Bao, Shuguang Hou","doi":"10.3390/buildings14010164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010164","url":null,"abstract":"Using waste plastics in asphalt mixtures could be an exploratory way to dispose of waste plastics. This study aims to investigate the microscopic properties between asphalt and polyethylene (PE) at an extraordinary dosage of 20 wt.%. Various types of PE with different degrees of polymerization (DP) and structural configurations were considered. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to calculate the mechanical parameters, free volume ratio (FVR), and Flory–Huggins parameter of the resulting PE-modified asphalt (PEA). Two types of PEA were made and characterized by fluorescence microscopy. The simulation results indicate that the addition of PE reduces the density of modified asphalt by less than 5%, and a higher density of PEA is associated with a lower FVR. When the FVR is close, the mechanical properties are greatly influenced by the DP and configuration. The DP and the number of chains are the main parameters impacting the compatibility between PE and asphalt, based on the Flory–Huggins parameter analysis. Decreasing the DP of PE (e.g., 50, with a minimum Flory–Huggins parameter and a relative molecular mass of 1300) will significantly increase the compatibility between asphalt and PE. LDPE−2 has better compatibility with asphalt, possibly because LDPE−2 has higher purity. These findings provide valuable insights into plastic thermal cracking and industrial modification practices.","PeriodicalId":48546,"journal":{"name":"Buildings","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0