ICT Express最新文献_第5页

A review on building blocks of decentralized artificial intelligence 分散式人工智能构建模块综述

IF 4.1 3区计算机科学

ICT Express Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.04.001

Vid Keršič, Muhamed Turkanović

{"title":"A review on building blocks of decentralized artificial intelligence","authors":"Vid Keršič, Muhamed Turkanović","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the key technologies transforming our lives, while the transfer of knowledge and competencies from the academic sphere to the industry and real-world use cases are accelerating yearly. However, during that transition, several significant problems and questions need to be addressed for the field to develop ethically, such as digital privacy, ownership, and control. These are some of the reasons why the currently most popular approaches of artificial intelligence, i.e., centralized artificial intelligence (CEAI), are questionable, with other directions also being explored widely, such as decentralized artificial intelligence (DEAI), which aim to solve some of the most far-reaching problems. This paper aims to review and organize the knowledge in the field of DEAI, focusing solely on studies that fall within this category. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using six scientific databases and additional gray literature to analyze and present the findings of 71 identified studies. The paper’s primary focus is identifying the building blocks of DEAI solutions and networks, tackling the DEAI analysis from a bottom-up approach. Future research directions and open problems are presented and proposed at the end.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 486-506"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accurate baseball player pose refinement using motion prior guidance 准确的棒球运动员姿势改进使用运动事先指导

IF 4.1 3区计算机科学

ICT Express Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.03.008

Seunghyun Oh, Heewon Kim

{"title":"Accurate baseball player pose refinement using motion prior guidance","authors":"Seunghyun Oh, Heewon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human pose estimation (HPE) is challenging due to the need to accurately capture rapid and occluded body movements, often resulting in uncertain predictions. In the context of fast sports actions like baseball swings, existing HPE methods insufficiently leverage domain-specific prior knowledge about these movements. To address this gap, we propose the Baseball Player Pose Corrector (BPPC), an optimization framework that utilizes high-quality 3D standard motion data to refine 2D keypoints in baseball swing videos. BPPC operates in two stages: first, it aligns the 3D standard motion to test swing videos through action recognition, offset learning, and 3D-to-2D projection. Next, it applies movement-aware optimization to refine the keypoints, ensuring robustness to variations in swing patterns. Notably, BPPC does not rely on additional datasets; it only requires manually annotated 3D standard motion data for baseball swings. Experimental results demonstrate that BPPC improves keypoint estimation accuracy by up to 2.4% on a baseball swing dataset, particularly enhancing keypoints with confidence scores below 0.5. Qualitative analysis further highlights BPPC’s ability to correct rapidly moving joints, such as elbows and wrists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 411-416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leakage based multi-point transmission for UAM in Integrated Satellite and Terrestrial Network 基于泄漏的星地一体网UAM多点传输

IF 4.1 3区计算机科学

ICT Express Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.003

Jeeyeon Kim, Incheol Hwang, Daesik Hong

引用次数: 0

Survey of next-generation optical wireless communication technologies for 6G and Beyond 6G 6G及以上下一代光无线通信技术综述

IF 4.1 3区计算机科学

ICT Express Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.04.006

Huy Nguyen , Al-Imran , Yeong Min Jang

{"title":"Survey of next-generation optical wireless communication technologies for 6G and Beyond 6G","authors":"Huy Nguyen , Al-Imran , Yeong Min Jang","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Demand for high-speed services has surged. The increasing congestion in the radio frequency system, which ranges from 3 kHz to 300 GHz, threatens the growth of next-generation wireless technologies. Despite advancements in signal processing and dedicated modulation techniques, accommodating users’ growing demands with current frequency bands will be a formidable challenge in the coming decades. However, an unlicensed spectrum could potentially offer data rates from 10 Gbps to Tbps for communication systems in the future. Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) technologies can address the limitations in communication bandwidth associated with traditional radio frequency systems. This survey paper provides an overview of the technology and reviews optical wireless communication technologies related to 6 G and beyond 6 G systems. We examine the key technologies essential for OWC and outline the latest developments in areas such as classification, spectrum usage, system architectures, and applications. IEEE 802.15.7 standardization is also discussed in this survey paper, along with some experimental results to highlight the impact of Deep Learning on OWC system. Additionally, we discuss future research challenges for OWC systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 576-589"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metaverse meets distributed machine learning: A contemporary review on the development with privacy-preserving concerns 元宇宙与分布式机器学习：对隐私保护问题发展的当代回顾

IF 4.1 3区计算机科学

ICT Express Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.04.008

Samuel Harry Gardner , Trong-Minh Hoang , Woongsoo Na , Nhu-Ngoc Dao , Sungrae Cho

引用次数: 0

Optimizing sum rates in IoT networks: A novel IRS-NOMA cooperative system 物联网网络中sum rate的优化：一种新型IRS-NOMA协同系统

IF 4.1 3区计算机科学

ICT Express Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.04.003

Mukkara Prasanna Kumar , Ammar Summaq , Sunil Chinnadurai , Poongundran Selvaprabhu , Vinoth Babu Kumaravelu , Md. Abdul Latif Sarker , Dong Seog Han

{"title":"Optimizing sum rates in IoT networks: A novel IRS-NOMA cooperative system","authors":"Mukkara Prasanna Kumar , Ammar Summaq , Sunil Chinnadurai , Poongundran Selvaprabhu , Vinoth Babu Kumaravelu , Md. Abdul Latif Sarker , Dong Seog Han","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) offer a promising solution for enhancing sum rates in wireless networks by dynamically adjusting signal reflections to optimize propagation paths. When combined with Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), which enables multiple users to share the same frequency band, significant improvements in spectral efficiency can be achieved. However, as the number of users increases in IRS-NOMA systems, ensuring consistently high data rates for all users becomes challenging due to coverage limitations and inefficient power allocation in static network configurations, leading to performance degradation in multi-user scenarios. To address these limitations, we propose a novel IRS-NOMA cooperative system designed to optimize sum rates through an intelligent power allocation algorithm, nearby users, and IRS to assist the base station in delivering signals and expanding network coverage. The proposed system operates in two phases: during the first phase, the base station transmits signals directly to users and indirectly through the IRS. In the second phase, nearby users assist in relaying signals to enhance coverage and reliability. The proposed system adopts a cascaded channel model to accurately capture the interactions between the base station, IRS, and users. By leveraging our optimization algorithm, the proposed system ensures efficient resource allocation, achieving superior spectral efficiency and fairness among users compared to traditional models. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed system, demonstrating its potential for next-generation IoT networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 448-453"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing LEO direct-to-satellite channel modeling with the shadowing effect via K-distribution 基于k分布的阴影效应增强LEO直星信道建模

IF 4.1 3区计算机科学

ICT Express Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.04.009

Tomás B. Núñez-González , Cesar A. Azurdia-Meza , Raydel Ortigueira , Samuel Montejo-Sánchez , Javier A. Ordenes-Pinto , Melissa E. Diago-Mosquera , Sandra Céspedes

{"title":"Enhancing LEO direct-to-satellite channel modeling with the shadowing effect via K-distribution","authors":"Tomás B. Núñez-González , Cesar A. Azurdia-Meza , Raydel Ortigueira , Samuel Montejo-Sánchez , Javier A. Ordenes-Pinto , Melissa E. Diago-Mosquera , Sandra Céspedes","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate channel modeling is crucial for optimizing direct-to-satellite Internet of things (DtS-IoT) communications via low Earth orbit (LEO) nanosatellites. Traditional channel models for land-mobile satellite systems often overlook the significant impact of shadowing at low elevation angles, limiting their applicability to DtS-IoT scenarios. This paper presents an enhanced finite-state Markov channel with two-sectors (FSMC-TS) model that integrates shadowing effects into the bad sector (B-Sector) by using the K-distribution for modeling. This enhancement captures the combined effects of multipath fading and shadowing, providing a more accurate representation of the channel conditions experienced in DtS-IoT applications. Simulation results show that the enhanced model aligns closely with analytical bit error rate (BER) predictions, particularly at higher signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), with less than 1% deviation from theoretical values. The Enhanced FSMC-TS model offers a valuable tool for reliable DtS-IoT communication systems, addressing a critical gap in existing channel modeling approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 559-564"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144296818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Residue super-resolution convolutional neural network based complexity reduction for H.266 VVC intra-coding 基于残基超分辨卷积神经网络的H.266 VVC内编码复杂度降低

IF 4.1 3区计算机科学

ICT Express Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.04.010

A Dhanalakshmi , L Balaji , C Raja , Jayant Giri , Mubarak Alrashoud

{"title":"Residue super-resolution convolutional neural network based complexity reduction for H.266 VVC intra-coding","authors":"A Dhanalakshmi , L Balaji , C Raja , Jayant Giri , Mubarak Alrashoud","doi":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icte.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Versatile Video Coding (VVC) promised to provide the same video quality as HEVC with 50 % bitrate reduction, which was introduced in 2020. Our suggested method for VVC Intra-coding is residue super-resolution convolutional neural network (RSR-CNN) utilizing downsampling and upsampling procedures. We present an effective complexity reduced VVC intra-coding scheme based on residue SR-CNN. Reducing an original video's resolution in both the vertical and horizontal directions is all that is required to execute down sampling. Increasing the video dimensions for improved visual quality, convolutional neural networks are utilized in the upsampling process to create residue super-resolution. Specifically, for every block, we train a CNN model to perform residue SR after downsampling and compressing the residue at low resolution, and then we carry out motion estimation (ME) and motion compensation (MC) to extract the residue. Using the MC prediction signal, a new residue SR-CNN is designed. Additionally, this work comprehensively examines the complexity and performance of VVC intra-coding tools and integrates them with the residue SR-CNN method. The experiments demonstrate a substantial time savings of 40 % in encoding with BDBR coding gains of 4.2 %, and 2.9 % in AI and RA configurations respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48526,"journal":{"name":"ICT Express","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 460-466"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel driving lane change intent prediction model based on image data mining approach and transformer 一种基于图像数据挖掘和变压器的行车变道意图预测模型

IF 4.1 3区计算机科学

ICT Express Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.01.004

Junbo He , Wei Guan , Xuanyuan Gou , Zhiqing Zhang

引用次数: 0

A comparative study of phantom sponge for monocular 3D object detection on edge devices 幻影海绵在边缘设备上单眼三维目标检测中的比较研究

IF 4.1 3区计算机科学

ICT Express Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2025.02.006

Shaheer Siddiqui , Jinpyung Kim , Jangho Lee

引用次数: 0