Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Hybrid attention and MLP-based deep learning for MRI classification of lumbar spine degeneration.","authors":"Bhuvendhraa Rudrusamy, Yin Shao Ng, Heng Kar Lau","doi":"10.1007/s13246-026-01808-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-026-01808-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lumbar spine degeneration (LSD) is a major contributor to lower back pain (LBP) worldwide, typically diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Manual interpretation of MRI scans is time-consuming and prone to variability, creating an urgent need for automated solutions. This study introduces a deep learning (DL) framework for classifying three key degenerative conditions, neural foraminal narrowing, subarticular stenosis, and spinal canal stenosis, across five lumbar disc levels. We evaluated multiple architectures, including VGG-16, EfficientNetV2-S, and YOLOv5, and enhanced feature extraction using the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) while improving classification through a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). The dataset comprises 48,657 multi-centre MRI images and was partitioned using a stratified 80:20 training-testing split. Class imbalance was addressed using Random Oversampling (ROS), Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE), and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based augmentation. Model development incorporated validation monitoring and early stopping during training, while final performance was assessed on an independent testing set using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, confusion matrices, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The proposed hybrid model, VGG‑16+CBAM+MLP, achieved 94% accuracy, with precision, recall, and F1‑score exceeding 91%. Paired statistical tests confirmed these improvements were significant (p < 0.05), reinforcing the robustness of the approach. These results demonstrate the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven tools to support lumbar spine MRI assessment. Further external validation is required before clinical deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48490,"journal":{"name":"Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transitioning from CA to NCA ¹⁷⁷Lu in the preparation of [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-DOTATATE for PRRT - observations and considerations from a retrospective review.","authors":"Luke Fincher, Consulato Cara, Erin Mckay, S Patrick Butler","doi":"10.1007/s13246-026-01805-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-026-01805-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-DOTATATE is a well-established treatment for advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. After transition from a carrier added (CA) ¹⁷⁷Lu formulation to a no-carrier added (NCA) ¹⁷⁷Lu formulation, increases in spleen and kidney standardised uptake values (SUV) were observed. This study aimed to evaluate these changes. This retrospective single-centre study reviewed 166 patients that received PRRT at St George Hospital from 03/2021 to 09/2024 using either CA (74 patients) or NCA (92 patients) [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-DOTATATE. Individual dose peptide content was compared to SUVs for non-target organs (kidneys and spleen) calculated from post-therapy quantitative SPECT/CT imaging. Patients were also assessed for 'cold' somatostatin analogue (SSA) received as standard treatment. A significant spleen SUV increase (p<0.001) was observed between patients receiving CA (high peptide concentration) and NCA (low peptide concentration) formulations. A moderate correlation was identified between decreasing administered DOTATATE and increasing splenic SUV (r=- 0.60). A lesser, but significant, difference was noted in the kidneys between CA and NCA preparations (p<0.001). Patients receiving NCA formulations with recent SSA demonstrated a significant increase in spleen SUV between initial therapy cycles (p=0.002) compared to those receiving no SSA. Those receiving CA with recent SSA saw a non-significant increase (p=0.37). Renal SUVs also saw a non-significant increase for CA (p=0.58) and NCA (p=0.50) preparations regardless of SSA treatment. Observed differences in SUV are likely due to variations in administered peptide mass (due to formulation differences and SSA treatment) leading to competition for receptors between radiolabelled [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-DOTATATE and 'cold' peptide. The optimisation of peptide mass has the potential to minimise radiation dose to healthy tissue and organs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48490,"journal":{"name":"Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149018434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of open-source BSREM reconstruction for ¹²³I-FP-CIT SPECT on a conventional Anger-type SPECT/CT system: a phantom study.","authors":"Takuro Shiiba, Shingo Tanahashi, Kohei Takasu, Yutaro Hamajima, Kosuke Yamashita, Masakazu Tsujimoto","doi":"10.1007/s13246-026-01807-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13246-026-01807-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study characterized the recovery-variability trade-off, count-level dependence, and region-specific behavior of open-source block-sequential regularized expectation maximization (BSREM) reconstruction for ¹²³I-FP-CIT single-photon emission computed tomography acquired on a conventional Anger-type SPECT/CT system. Striatal phantom data with normal and asymmetric reduced-putaminal uptake were reconstructed using literature-based ordered-subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) implemented in the vendor software, PyTomography OSEM, and PyTomography BSREM. A BSREM operating point (β = 0.08, γ = 6.0) was selected using background coefficient of variation (CV) and whole-striatal uptake ratio (SUR). Reduced-count datasets at 75%, 50%, and 25% of the original counts were generated by binomial thinning. Metrics included CV, regional SUR, asymmetry index, caudate-to-putamen ratio (CPR), and full width at half maximum (FWHM). In the normal phantom, BSREM yielded lower CV and higher SUR than both OSEM implementations. In the abnormal phantom, BSREM generally yielded higher regional SURs, whereas mean caudate FWHM was 22.6 mm for vendor-software OSEM and 16.9 mm for PyTomography OSEM, and 17.5 mm for BSREM. However, reduced left-putaminal uptake remained underestimated, and putaminal asymmetry moved further from their theoretical values. At the 25% count level, background CV increased to 30.0 ± 6.1% with BSREM and 28.0 ± 5.9% with PyTomography OSEM. Open-source BSREM therefore showed task-, region-, and count-dependent behavior, supporting task- and count-specific parameter selection before clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":48490,"journal":{"name":"Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149002654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACPSEM guideline regarding the adoption of the IAEA TRS-398 Code of Practice Revision 1.","authors":"Joerg Lehmann, Jeffrey Barber, Andrew Alves, Simon Berke, Rhonda Brown, Peter Harty, Brendan Healy, Robin Hill, Stewart Midgley, Vaughan Moutrie, Chris Oliver, Scott Penfold, Alison Scott, Allan Stewart, Brindha Subramanian, Daniel Truant, Madelaine Tyler, Duncan Butler","doi":"10.1007/s13246-026-01795-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-026-01795-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The IAEA Technical Report Series 398 Code of Practice for the determination of absorbed dose in external beam radiotherapy was endorsed at the Engineers and Physical Scientists in Medicine (EPSM) conference in 2001 and has been widely adopted in Australia and New Zealand. This guideline provides recommendations from the Australasian College of Physical Scientists and Engineers in Medicine (ACPSEM) following the recent publication of TRS-398 Revision 1. It is jointly authored by the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), the Reference Dosimetry Advisory Group (RDAG) and the ACPSEM Radiation Oncology Specialty Group (ROSG). In addition to recommendations, the guideline discusses the implications of TRS-398 Revision 1 for the dosimetry of megavoltage photons, electrons and protons. TRS-398 Revision 1 is recommended for adoption in accordance with the recommendations provided in this guideline, including for FFF beams. For specialised FFF machines such as CyberKnife^® and TomoTherapy^®, and for Gamma Knife^®, the ACPSEM recommends the use of IAEA TRS-483 Code of Practice. MR linacs are covered by the ACPSEM position paper: dosimetry for magnetic resonance imaging linear accelerators and in AAPM TG-351.  For kilovoltage photons, the recommendation to use the AAPM TG-61 protocol for radiotherapy sources is retained and now specifically also includes cabinet irradiators used in radiobiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48490,"journal":{"name":"Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHITS Monte Carlo zoning and workplace studies of medical radiographic rooms.","authors":"Alex Eclador Ngankem, Francis Chamberlain Djoumessi Zamo, Cebastien Joel Guembou Shouop, Daniel Bongue, Romeo Talla Fogang, Alexandre Ngwa Ebongue, Odette Ngano Samba, Maurice Moyo Ndontchueng","doi":"10.1007/s13246-026-01802-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-026-01802-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The commissioning of a new radiological facility or practice requires a comprehensive process for shielding design and verification process. Traditionally, shielding design has relied on deterministic methods, such as those described in NCRP Report No. 147, and Monte Carlo codes, whereas verification has been performed using dosimeters and survey meters. Although deterministic methods remain the conventional approach, Monte Carlo simulations enable more detailed assessments of complex geometries and three-dimensional (3D) dose distributions. In this study, a Monte Carlo model based on the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) version 3.33 was developed to support shielding design, workplace zoning, and verification procedures in a conventional radiography room equipped with a remote-controlled examination table. Shielding parameters were determined using both deterministic and Monte Carlo methods, while experimental dosimetric measurements were performed to validate the model. The deterministic method was used to estimate barrier thicknesses, while on-site measurements yielded dose rates and actual lead sheet thicknesses. The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate ambient equivalent dose rates and weekly air kerma. The simulation results demonstrated a mean deviation of ~ 8.11% from the measured dose rates after excluding outliers associated with the CT room. This deviation falls within the range reported in the radiation protection modelling literature. The simulated values in the patient preparation room were higher due to underestimated barrier thickness in the deterministic calculations, necessitating barrier adjustments to ensure compliance with regulatory limits. The Student's t-test revealed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between the measured and estimated values obtained using the deterministic and Monte Carlo methods at the remaining measurement locations. The simulated weekly air kerma values were consistent with the recommendations specified in NCRP Report No. 147. The control room and points 100 and 50 cm from the X-ray source were classified as controlled zones; all remaining locations were classified as monitored zones. The findings presented herein support the application of the PHITS Monte Carlo code as a robust tool for detailed three-dimensional (3D) dose estimation in diagnostic radiology, complementing the methodology described in the NCRP Report 147.</p>","PeriodicalId":48490,"journal":{"name":"Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning for automatic detection of prostatectomy in CT images of prostate cancer patients.","authors":"Oona Rainio, Anting Li, Ahti Vehmanen, Maria K Jaakkola, Jukka Kemppainen, Riku Klén","doi":"10.1007/s13246-026-01801-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-026-01801-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracting anatomic reference from computed tomography (CT) images is a crucial step in fully automated image analysis solutions for CT and hybrid imaging of prostate cancer. Several deep learning-based applications can be used to perform segmentation of different anatomical structures in CT, but they might produce a false prostate segment for post-treatment scans of patients treated with prostatectomy. In this study, our aim was to both systematically assess the performance of a state-of-the-art CT segmentation tool, TotalSegmentator, for post-prostatectomy patients and to investigate the potential of using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically detect prostatectomy from CT images. We collected a dataset of CT images from 542 patients, 269 of which were treated with robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RP), 194 of which were treated with radiation and/or androgen deprivation therapy only, and 79 of which were treatment-naive. We used TotalSegmentator to perform multi-organ segmentation for all the patients, computed the volumes of the greatest connected components of the prostate segments, and studied the use of a cut-off threshold for the resulting volumes to detect RP with five-fold cross-validation. Additionally, we trained and evaluated a light-weight CNN for classifying patients treated with and without RP. According to our results, TotalSegmentator produced a false prostate segment for 98.5% patients treated with RP. The prostate segments were significantly smaller in the RP cohort than the other two cohorts (12.1 ± 5.8 cm[Formula: see text] vs. 22.8 ± 8.9 cm[Formula: see text] and 22.4 ± 10.9 cm[Formula: see text], p-values: 1.3e-17 and 2.1e-17). The use of cut-off thresholds for TotalSegmentator's prostate volumes resulted in RP detection accuracy of 77.5 ± 1.3%, sensitivity of 83.0 ± 3.9%, specificity of 72.2 ± 3.5%, precision of 74.4 ± 3.1%, and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (auROC) of 84.1 ± 2.3%. Conversely, our proposed CNN approach detected RP with accuracy of 86.5 ± 4.2%, sensitivity of 78.9 ± 12.5%, specificity of 93.5 ± 3.9%, precision of 92.7 ± 3.9%, and auROC of 95.1 ± 1.7%, outperforming the threshold approach in a statistically significant way according to DeLong's tests (4 out of 5 p-values<0.045). To conclude, TotalSegmentator systematically produces false prostate segments with patients treated with RP but, by utilizing a CNN, RP can be detected automatically based on CT data only. This enables automated correction of TotalSegmentator masks. If developed further, our CNN method could provide a stand-alone application for identifying presence of prostatectomy efficiently without the need to consult treatment records and, consequently, assist in developing fully-automated image analysis tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":48490,"journal":{"name":"Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148913762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the noise theoretical formula for analyzing noise components on CT images.","authors":"Keisuke Fujii, Kuniharu Imai","doi":"10.1007/s13246-026-01797-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-026-01797-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We established a theoretical framework to analyze the individual noise components on computed tomography (CT) images and evaluated the relationship between CT doses and each component. The model was developed based on CT numbers and the relative noise standard deviation (SD) measured directly on the CT images, enabling noise decomposition solely from image-domain characteristics without relying on raw projection data. CT images of a quality control phantom were obtained at various CT doses using two CT scanners. We measured mean CT numbers and the relative noise SD at each rod position on the CT images and estimated each noise component using the proposed framework. The relative noise SD was expressed as a function of the transmitted dose corresponding to the number of photons through the phantom, where the respective terms in the formula represent the contributions of structural, quantum, and electronic noise components. Results showed that the proportion of quantum noise exceeded 70% at CT doses routinely used in clinical settings, remaining the dominant component. However, at lower doses (CTDI_vol ≤1 mGy), the contribution of electronic noise became substantial, reaching approximately 10-30%. This framework can serve as a baseline for future CT dose optimization and provide useful insights for developing image reconstruction and processing methods to effectively reduce image noise.</p>","PeriodicalId":48490,"journal":{"name":"Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148907048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fat-suppression performance for in-stent plaque imaging after carotid artery stenting using three-dimensional T₁-weighted MRI: a phantom study.","authors":"Yoshiki Ogawa, Masato Kiriki, Yasuo Takatsu, Wataru Jomoto, Takahiro Minamoto","doi":"10.1007/s13246-026-01752-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13246-026-01752-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the optimal fat suppression technique for accurate in-stent plaque characterization after carotid artery stenting using three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. A carotid artery phantom containing a stent and a reference vessel was imaged with a 3.0-T system using a three-dimensional gradient-echo sequence combined with chemical shift selective, spectral attenuated inversion recovery, water excitation, and Dixon fat suppression techniques. Chemical shift selective and spectral attenuated inversion recovery showed increased signal intensity within the stent lumen and reduced contrast compared with the reference vessel, suggesting insufficient fat suppression likely related to radiofrequency shielding. In contrast, water excitation and Dixon provided more uniform fat suppression with comparable contrast ratios; however, Dixon imaging demonstrated susceptibility-related high signal along the stent contour that may compromise lumen assessment. Overall, water excitation combined with three-dimensional T1-weighted gradient-echo imaging achieved effective and uniform fat suppression without prominent susceptibility artifacts and appears to be the most suitable approach under phantom conditions for noninvasive in-stent plaque evaluation after carotid artery stenting.</p>","PeriodicalId":48490,"journal":{"name":"Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1405-1412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148220208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotechnical rehabilitation system with virtual reality and feedback for motor recovery.","authors":"Sergey Filist, Riad Taha Al-Kasasbeh, Elena Valer'evna Petrunina, Tigran Gevorkyan, Osama M Al- Habahbeh, Olga Vladimirovna Shatalova, Nikolay A Korenevskiy, Manafaddin Bashir Namazov, Ahmad Telfah","doi":"10.1007/s13246-026-01755-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13246-026-01755-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a biotechnical rehabilitation system for improving motor recovery in post-stroke patients with lower extremity paresis. The system integrates virtual reality (VR)-based therapy, real-time muscle fatigue monitoring, and adaptive rehabilitation control to provide personalized treatment. A VR adaptation module modifies rehabilitation content based on patient-specific electrophysiological responses, while biofeedback-based control optimizes neuromuscular engagement. A mathematical model was used to predict rehabilitation outcomes and guide therapy progression. Forty post-stroke patients (aged 30-65 years) participated in an experimental study. Patients were assigned to either an experimental group receiving personalized, adaptive VR therapy or a control group receiving standard VR content. Motor function was assessed using the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Functional Gait Scale (FGS), 10-m walk test (10mWT), and 6-min walk test (6minWT). The experimental group showed statistically significant improvements, including an 11% increase in LEFS scores (p < 0.05) and a 10% improvement in functional mobility. These findings indicate that adaptive VR-based rehabilitation combined with real-time muscle fatigue monitoring enhances motor recovery, balance, and functional mobility in post-stroke patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48490,"journal":{"name":"Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1433-1445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148594037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of coil number on the retention strength of ureteral stents: an experimental investigation.","authors":"Achmad Syaifudin, Mohammad R A Moravi, Maulana Y Izzuddin, Zulaikha N Pangestu, Lukman Hakim, Mudhita Z Ritonga, Amaliya Rasyida, Siti Nurkhamiddah, Katsuhiko Sasaki","doi":"10.1007/s13246-026-01777-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13246-026-01777-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ureteral stents are temporary implantable devices used to maintain urinary drainage and prevent obstruction. Most designs incorporate pigtail coils to reduce migration; however, the contribution of terminal coil configuration to retention strength remains unclear. This study evaluated the retention behavior of five commercially available Double-J ureteral stents commonly used in Indonesia, representing different intended indwelling durations and terminal coil configurations. Stent length, outer diameter, inner diameter, material, angular sweep, and estimated coil number were recorded. Terminal coil number was estimated from available pre-test photographs using manual image-based angular sweep analysis. Specimens were immersed in artificial urine for one month and tested according to ASTM F1828-22 using a custom pull-out device. 1.5 coil stents showed higher mean retention forces (0.061-0.065 N) than 1 coil stents (0.010-0.034 N). Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences among stent types (F = 72.76, p = 4.665 × 10^-10). However, because the tested specimens differed in material and geometry, the observed differences should be interpreted as the combined effect of coil configuration and associated stent design rather than coil number alone. These findings represent comparative in vitro retention behavior and should not be interpreted as direct clinical thresholds for migration prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":48490,"journal":{"name":"Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1733-1745"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}