Quarterly Journal of Economics最新文献_第8页

Distributional,National,Accounts: Methods,and,Estimates,for,the,United,States 分配、国民账户：美国的方法和估计

IF 13.7 1区经济学

Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/QJE/QJX043

T. Piketty, Emmanuel Saez, G. Zucman

{"title":"Distributional,National,Accounts: Methods,and,Estimates,for,the,United,States","authors":"T. Piketty, Emmanuel Saez, G. Zucman","doi":"10.1093/QJE/QJX043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/QJE/QJX043","url":null,"abstract":"This paper combines tax, survey, and national accounts data to estimate the distribution of national income in the United States since 1913. Our distributional national accounts capture 100% of national income, allowing us to compute growth rates for each quantile of the income distribution consistent with macroeconomic growth. We estimate the distribution of both pre-tax and post-tax income, making it possible to provide a comprehensive view of how government redistribution affects inequality. Average pre-tax national income per adult has increased 60% since 1980, but we find that it has stagnated for the bottom 50% of the distribution at about $16,000 a year. The pre-tax income of the middle class—adults between the median and the 90th percentile—has grown 40% since 1980, faster than what tax and survey data suggest, due in particular to the rise of tax-exempt fringe benefits. Income has boomed at the top: in 1980, top 1% adults earned on average 27 times more than bottom 50% adults, while they earn 81 times more today. The upsurge of top incomes was first a labor income phenomenon but has mostly been a capital income phenomenon since 2000. The government has offset only a small fraction of the increase in inequality. The reduction of the gender gap in earnings has mitigated the increase in inequality among adults. The share of women, however, falls steeply as one moves up the labor income distribution, and is only 11% in the top 0.1% today.","PeriodicalId":48470,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Economics","volume":"133 1","pages":"553-609"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/QJE/QJX043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47820339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 816

Erratum to “Leveraging Lotteries for School Value-Added: Testing and Estimation” 《利用奖券促进学校增值:测试与评估》的勘误

IF 13.7 1区经济学

Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/qje/qjx036

J. Angrist, Peter Hull, Parag A. Pathak, Christopher R. Walters

引用次数: 1

Erratum to “Field of Study, Earnings, and Self-Selection” “学习领域、收入和自我选择”勘误表

IF 13.7 1区经济学

Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2017-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/QJE/QJX025

L. Kirkebøen, E. Leuven, M. Mogstad

引用次数: 3

Party Polarization in Legislatures with Office-Motivated Candidates 以办公室为动机的候选人在立法机构中的党派两极分化

IF 13.7 1区经济学

Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2017-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/QJE/QJX012

Mattias Polborn, J. Snyder

引用次数: 23

Choose to Lose: Health Plan Choices from a Menu with Dominated Option 选择丢失:从具有主导选项的菜单中选择健康计划

IF 13.7 1区经济学

Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2017-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/QJE/QJX011

Saurabh Bhargava, G. Loewenstein, Justin R. Sydnor

{"title":"Choose to Lose: Health Plan Choices from a Menu with Dominated Option","authors":"Saurabh Bhargava, G. Loewenstein, Justin R. Sydnor","doi":"10.1093/QJE/QJX011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/QJE/QJX011","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the health plan choices that 23,894 employees at a U.S. firm made from a large menu of options that differed only in financial cost-sharing and premium. These decisions provide a clear test of the predictions of the standard economic model of insurance choice in the absence of choice frictions because plans were priced so that nearly every plan with a lower deductible was financially dominated by an otherwise identical plan with a high deductible. We document that the majority of employees chose dominated plans, which resulted in excess spending equivalent to 24% of chosen plan premiums. Low-income employees were significantly more likely to choose dominated plans, and most employees did not switch into more financially efficient plans in the subsequent year. We show that the choice of dominated plans cannot be rationalized by standard risk preference or any expectations about health risk. Testing alternative explanations with a series of hypothetical-choice experiments, we find that the popularity of dominated plans was not primarily driven by the size and complexity of the plan menu, nor informed preferences for avoiding high deductibles, but by employees’ lack of understanding of health insurance. Our findings challenge the standard practice of inferring risk preferences from insurance choices and raise doubts about the welfare benefits of health reforms that expand consumer choice.","PeriodicalId":48470,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Economics","volume":"132 1","pages":"1319-1372"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/QJE/QJX011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45018713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 209

Lemon technologies and adoption: measurement, theory and evidence from agricultural markets in Uganda 柠檬技术和采用:来自乌干达农业市场的测量、理论和证据

IF 13.7 1区经济学

Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2017-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/QJE/QJX009

Tessa Bold, K. Kaizzi, J. Svensson, David Yanagizawa-Drott

引用次数: 150

Fiscal Policy and Debt Management with Incomplete Markets 不完全市场下的财政政策与债务管理

IF 13.7 1区经济学

Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/QJE/QJW041

A. Bhandari, David Evans, M. Golosov, T. Sargent

引用次数: 78

Naivete-Based Discrimination Naivete-Based歧视

IF 13.7 1区经济学

Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/QJE/QJW042

Paul Heidhues, B. Kőszegi

{"title":"Naivete-Based Discrimination","authors":"Paul Heidhues, B. Kőszegi","doi":"10.1093/QJE/QJW042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/QJE/QJW042","url":null,"abstract":"We initiate the study of naivete-based discrimination, the practice of conditioning offers on external information about consumers’ naivete. Knowing that a consumer is naive increases a monopolistic or competitive firm's willingness to generate inefficiency to exploit the consumer's mistakes, so naivete-based discrimination is not Pareto-improving, can be Pareto-damaging, and often lowers total welfare when classical preference-based discrimination does not. Moreover, the effect on total welfare depends on a hitherto unemphasized market feature: the extent to which the exploitation of naive consumers distorts trade with different types of consumers. If the distortion is homogeneous across naive and sophisticated consumers, then under an arguably weak and empirically testable condition, naivete-based discrimination lowers total welfare. In contrast, if the distortion arises only for trades with sophisticated consumers, then perfect naivete-based discrimination maximizes social welfare, although imperfect discrimination often lowers welfare. If the distortion arises only for trades with naive consumers, then naivete-based discrimination has no effect on welfare. We identify applications for each of these cases. In our primary example, a credit market with present-biased borrowers, firms lend more than is socially optimal to increase the amount of interest naive borrowers unexpectedly pay, creating a homogeneous distortion. The condition for naivete-based discrimination to lower welfare is then weaker than prudence.","PeriodicalId":48470,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Economics","volume":"132 1","pages":"1019-1054"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/QJE/QJW042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41973766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 71

Technological Innovation, Resource Allocation and Growth 技术创新、资源配置与增长

IF 13.7 1区经济学

Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2017-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/QJE/QJW040

L. Kogan, L. Kogan, D. Papanikolaou, D. Papanikolaou, Amit Seru, Noah Stoffman

引用次数: 145

A Method for Measuring Metabolism in Sorted Subpopulations of Complex Cell Communities Using Stable Isotope Tracing. 利用稳定同位素追踪测量复杂细胞群落分类亚群代谢的方法

IF 1.2 1区经济学

Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2017-02-04 DOI: 10.3791/55011

Irena Roci, Hector Gallart-Ayala, Jeramie Watrous, Mohit Jain, Craig E Wheelock, Roland Nilsson

{"title":"A Method for Measuring Metabolism in Sorted Subpopulations of Complex Cell Communities Using Stable Isotope Tracing.","authors":"Irena Roci, Hector Gallart-Ayala, Jeramie Watrous, Mohit Jain, Craig E Wheelock, Roland Nilsson","doi":"10.3791/55011","DOIUrl":"10.3791/55011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mammalian cell types exhibit specialized metabolism, and there is ample evidence that various co-existing cell types engage in metabolic cooperation. Moreover, even cultures of a single cell type may contain cells in distinct metabolic states, such as resting or cycling cells. Methods for measuring metabolic activities of such subpopulations are valuable tools for understanding cellular metabolism. Complex cell populations are most commonly separated using a cell sorter, and subpopulations isolated by this method can be analyzed by metabolomics methods. However, a problem with this approach is that the cell sorting procedure subjects cells to stresses that may distort their metabolism. To overcome these issues, we reasoned that the mass isotopomer distributions (MIDs) of metabolites from cells cultured with stable isotope-labeled nutrients are likely to be more stable than absolute metabolite concentrations, because MIDs are formed over longer time scales and should be less affected by short-term exposure to cell sorting conditions. Here, we describe a method based on this principle, combining cell sorting with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The procedure involves analyzing three types of samples: (1) metabolite extracts obtained directly from the complex population; (2) extracts of \"mock sorted\" cells passed through the cell sorter instrument without gating any specific population; and (3) extracts of the actual sorted populations. The mock sorted cells are compared against direct extraction to verify that MIDs are indeed not altered by the cell sorting procedure itself, prior to analyzing the actual sorted populations. We show example results from HeLa cells sorted according to cell cycle phase, revealing changes in nucleotide metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":48470,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Economics","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2017-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5408592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90621033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0