Quarterly Journal of Economics最新文献_第10页

A Typology of Players: Between Instinctive and Contemplative 玩家的类型学:本能型和沉思型

IF 13.7 1区经济学

Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2016-02-24 DOI: 10.1093/QJE/QJW008

A. Rubinstein

引用次数: 106

Political Centralization and Government Accountability 政治集权和政府问责制

IF 13.7 1区经济学

Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2016-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/QJE/QJV035

F. Boffa, Amedeo Piolatto, G. Ponzetto

{"title":"Political Centralization and Government Accountability","authors":"F. Boffa, Amedeo Piolatto, G. Ponzetto","doi":"10.1093/QJE/QJV035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/QJE/QJV035","url":null,"abstract":"This article explains why decentralization can undermine accountability and answers three questions: what determines if power should be centralized or decentralized when regions are heterogeneous? How many levels of government should there be? How should state borders be drawn? We develop a model of political agency in which voters differ in their ability to monitor rent-seeking politicians. We find that rent extraction is a decreasing and convex function of the share of informed voters, because voter information improves monitoring but also reduces the appeal of holding office. As a result, information heterogeneity pushes toward centralization to reduce rent extraction. Taste heterogeneity pulls instead toward decentralization to match local preferences. Our model thus implies that optimal borders should cluster by tastes but ensure diversity of information. We also find economies of scope in accountability that explain why multiplying government tiers harms efficiency. A single government in charge of many policies has better incentives than many special-purpose governments splitting its budget and responsibilities. Hence, a federal system is desirable only if information varies enough across regions. JEL Codes: D72, D82, H73, H77.","PeriodicalId":48470,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Economics","volume":"131 1","pages":"381-422"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/QJE/QJV035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61199643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 67

The Effects of Youth Employment: Evidence from New York City Lotteries 青年就业的影响:来自纽约市彩票的证据

IF 13.7 1区经济学

Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2016-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/QJE/QJV034

Alexander M. Gelber, A. Isen, Judd B. Kessler

{"title":"The Effects of Youth Employment: Evidence from New York City Lotteries","authors":"Alexander M. Gelber, A. Isen, Judd B. Kessler","doi":"10.1093/QJE/QJV034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/QJE/QJV034","url":null,"abstract":"Programs to encourage labor market activity among youth, including public employment programs and wage subsidies like the Work Opportunity Tax Credit, can be supported by three broad rationales. They may (i) provide contemporaneous income support to participants; (ii) encourage work experience that improves future employment and/or educational outcomes of participants; and/or (iii) keep participants \"out of trouble.\" We study randomized lotteries for access to the New York City (NYC) Summer Youth Employment Program (SYEP), the largest summer youth employment program in the United States, by merging SYEP administrative data on 294,100 lottery participants to IRS data on the universe of U.S. tax records; to New York State administrative incarceration data; and to NYC administrative cause of death data. In assessing the three rationales, we find that (i) SYEP participation causes average earnings and the probability of employment to increase in the year of program participation, with modest contemporaneous crowdout of other earnings and employment; (ii) SYEP participation causes a modest decrease in average earnings for three years following the program and has no impact on college enrollment; and (iii) SYEP participation decreases the probability of incarceration and decreases the probability of mortality, which has important and potentially pivotal implications for analyzing the net benefits of the program. JEL Codes: J13, J45, J38, J21.","PeriodicalId":48470,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Economics","volume":"131 1","pages":"423-460"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/QJE/QJV034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61199628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 57

Dynamic Selection: An Idea Flows Theory of Entry, Trade and Growth 动态选择:一种关于进入、贸易和增长的思想流动理论

IF 13.7 1区经济学

Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2016-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/QJE/QJV032

T. Sampson

引用次数: 157

Learning from Inflation Experiences 从通胀经验中学习

IF 13.7 1区经济学

Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2016-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/QJE/QJV037

Ulrike Malmendier, S. Nagel

引用次数: 745

Morphogen rules: design principles of gradient-mediated embryo patterning. 形态发生器规则：梯度介导的胚胎形态设计原则。

1区经济学

Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.1242/dev.129452

James Briscoe, Stephen Small

{"title":"Morphogen rules: design principles of gradient-mediated embryo patterning.","authors":"James Briscoe, Stephen Small","doi":"10.1242/dev.129452","DOIUrl":"10.1242/dev.129452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Drosophila blastoderm and the vertebrate neural tube are archetypal examples of morphogen-patterned tissues that create precise spatial patterns of different cell types. In both tissues, pattern formation is dependent on molecular gradients that emanate from opposite poles. Despite distinct evolutionary origins and differences in time scales, cell biology and molecular players, both tissues exhibit striking similarities in the regulatory systems that establish gene expression patterns that foreshadow the arrangement of cell types. First, signaling gradients establish initial conditions that polarize the tissue, but there is no strict correspondence between specific morphogen thresholds and boundary positions. Second, gradients initiate transcriptional networks that integrate broadly distributed activators and localized repressors to generate patterns of gene expression. Third, the correct positioning of boundaries depends on the temporal and spatial dynamics of the transcriptional networks. These similarities reveal design principles that are likely to be broadly applicable to morphogen-patterned tissues. </p>","PeriodicalId":48470,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Economics","volume":"62 1","pages":"3996-4009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4712844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90622830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Financial Asset Holdings and Political Attitudes: Evidence from Revolutionary England* 金融资产持有与政治态度:来自英国革命的证据*

IF 13.7 1区经济学

Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/QJE/QJV019

Saumitra Jha

{"title":"Financial Asset Holdings and Political Attitudes: Evidence from Revolutionary England*","authors":"Saumitra Jha","doi":"10.1093/QJE/QJV019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/QJE/QJV019","url":null,"abstract":"The English Parliament’s struggle for supremacy against monarchical dictatorship during the Civil War (1642–1648) was crucial for the establishment of representative government, yet its lessons continue to be debated. I exploit novel data on individual MPs drawn from 1,842 biographies to show that the conflict was over overseas interests and other factors over which the executive enjoyed broad constitutional discretion, rather than over domestic property rights. I further exploit the coincidence of individual MPs’ ability to sign legally binding share contracts with novel share offerings by overseas companies to measure the effect of overseas share investment on their political attitudes. I show that overseas shareholding pushed moderates lacking prior mercantile interests to support reform. I interpret the effect of financial assetholding as allowing new investors to exploit emerging economic opportunities overseas, aligning their interests with traders. By consolidating a broad parliamentary majority that favored reform, the introduction of financial assets also broadened support for the institutionalization of parliamentary supremacy over dictatorial rule. JEL Codes: O10, G11, F10, K00, N23, P10.","PeriodicalId":48470,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Economics","volume":"130 1","pages":"1485-1545"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/QJE/QJV019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61199578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43

Property Rights over Marital Transfers 婚姻财产转移中的产权问题

IF 13.7 1区经济学

Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/QJE/QJV014

Siwan Anderson, Chris Bidner

引用次数: 76

Education and Human Capital Externalities: Evidence from Colonial Benin 教育与人力资本外部性:来自贝宁殖民地的证据

IF 13.7 1区经济学

Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2015-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/QJE/QJV004

Léonard Wantchékon, Marko Klašnja, Natalija Novta

引用次数: 223

Spending-Biased Legislators: Discipline Through Disagreement 有支出偏见的立法者:通过分歧来约束