American Psychologist最新文献

{"title":"Mapping the gender attrition gap in academic psychology.","authors":"Xinyi Zhao, Anna I Thoma, Ralph Hertwig, Dirk U Wulff","doi":"10.1037/amp0001778","DOIUrl":"10.1037/amp0001778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Women comprise the majority of students and early-career scholars in psychology, yet they are less likely to remain active in research over time. This pattern raises a central question: At what stages of academic careers do women disproportionately leave academia, and what factors drive their attrition? Using large-scale bibliometric data tracking 78,216 psychologists who began publishing between 2000 and 2014, we examine gender differences in research career attrition operationalized through publishing activity across the full trajectory from entry onward. Although women accounted for more than 60% of new entrants, they experienced higher attrition rates than men, with the gender gap peaking approximately 5 years after first publication. Early-career performance-particularly first-authored publications-was the strongest predictor of subsequent retention, whereas last-authored publications were most closely associated with continued activity at later-career stages. Collaboration patterns and institutional context also shaped career persistence, though less strongly than publication indicators. Notably, gender differences in research attrition persisted even after accounting for these career determinants, especially during early-career stages. These findings suggest that gender inequality in psychology is driven less by recruitment than by differential retention over time. Addressing early-career vulnerability may therefore be essential to achieving equitable representation in senior academic leadership within the discipline. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48468,"journal":{"name":"American Psychologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frank Farley (1937-2026).","authors":"Grant J Rich, V Krishna Kumar","doi":"10.1037/amp0001797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Memorializes Frank Farley (1937-2026). Farley was an internationally renowned psychologist who served as the 1993 president of the American Psychological Association (APA) and as president of many leading psychological and educational organizations. Scholar, public intellectual, leader, colleague, mentor, and friend, Frank passed away at his home in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on March 20, 2026, aged 89. As a scholar, Frank was prolific, publishing over 250 scholarly articles and seven books. He was most famous for his concept of the Type T (thrill-seeking) personality, arguing that some people need increased stimulation to maintain full engagement. Frank explored the implications of the concept in many contexts, from criminals to heroes, from creativity to politics, and in its links from moderate to more extreme behaviors (e.g., adventure, extreme sports). In his last years, among many activities, he was especially involved with APA's Society for Media Psychology and Technology, of which he was its 1999 and 2008 president, and was a member at large on its board at the time of his passing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48468,"journal":{"name":"American Psychologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149013130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isaac Prilleltensky (1959-2026).","authors":"Geoffrey Nelson, S Mark Pancer, Manuel Riemer, Scotney Evans","doi":"10.1037/amp0001788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isaac Prilleltensky, a scholar, educator, and champion of well-being, passed away in Miami, Florida, on May 7, 2026. Isaac was a staunch advocate of social justice and prevention and an influential critic of mainstream psychology. He was a prolific researcher and theorist who authored 15 books, 105 peer-reviewed journal articles, and 42 book chapters. In collaboration with coeditors, he promoted critical psychology in North America. Isaac insisted on the importance of the morals and politics of psychology and identified a set of values (e.g., self-determination, human diversity, social justice) for psychology. Isaac's work also emphasized considerations of power, primary prevention, and wellness promotion. During the latter part of his career, Isaac focused on the role of humor in promoting well-being and on mattering, including both the sense of being of value to others and the feeling of being able to make a difference in the world. A creative and charismatic community psychologist, Isaac will be remembered not just for his accomplishments but for his character as a <i>mentsh</i> with exceptional integrity who treated everyone he met as someone who mattered. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48468,"journal":{"name":"American Psychologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting resilience with social-emotional learning: Young adult follow-up of a preschool randomized-controlled trial.","authors":"Karen L Bierman, Brenda S Heinrichs, Janet A Welsh, Damon E Jones, D Max Crowley","doi":"10.1037/amp0001765","DOIUrl":"10.1037/amp0001765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Young adults are experiencing emotional distress at unprecedented levels, with rates of loneliness, social isolation, and poor mental health especially high among those marginalized by economic hardship. Individuals who experience exposure to adverse experiences during childhood face heightened vulnerability, indicating a need to enhance early developmental supports. Public investment in early childhood education provides a unique opportunity to strengthen social-emotional supports for children at socioeconomic risk. This longitudinal study evaluated the impact of enriching Head Start classrooms with intensive support for social-emotional learning and language development on the young adult well-being of children growing up in low-income families. A randomized-controlled trial including 356 children (25% Black, 17% Latinx, 58% White, 54% female, 46% male, <i>M</i>_age = 4.49 years at study entry) evaluated the effects of enriched relative to \"usual practice\" Head Start; follow-up assessments extended through early adulthood (aged 21-22 years). Significant benefits favoring the intervention group emerged on seven of 11 measures of young adult well-being, including conduct problems, depressive symptoms, loneliness, empathy, emotional support, healthy days, and overall life satisfaction. Latent profile analyses showed the preschool intervention increased the likelihood of displaying a profile reflecting higher (rather than lower) young adult well-being. Greater exposure to adverse childhood experiences predicted diminished adult well-being, but intervention buffered the impact of adverse childhood experiences on social adjustment. Findings suggest that enriching preschool with intensive evidence-based social-emotional learning and language support can leverage public investments in early education and enhance the long-term well-being of vulnerable children growing up in poverty. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48468,"journal":{"name":"American Psychologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13587701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harms associated with \"conversion therapy\" (sexual orientation and gender identity and expression change efforts): A systematic search and review.","authors":"John E Pachankis, Briana S Last, Benjamin E Eisenstadt, Stephan A Brandt, Joanne Davila, Matthew D Skinta, Darren J Freeman-Coppadge, David W Pantalone, Fernanda Paveltchuk, Yevgeny Botanov, Laurel Scheinfeld, Madeline Poupard, Noah Williamson, Trevor A Hart","doi":"10.1037/amp0001794","DOIUrl":"10.1037/amp0001794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexual orientation and gender identity and expression change efforts (SOGIECE)-so-called conversion therapies-are heterogenous interventions aimed at facilitating people to conform to heterosexual and cisgender norms. Despite growing research on SOGIECE, no recent published review has described the state of the science for these practices, including documentation of potential harms. Thus, we systematically searched eight bibliographic databases for published empirical articles that documented SOGIECE exposure and quantitatively measured (a) sexual orientation or gender identity/expression change and/or (b) potential harm associated with SOGIECE. Of the 6,309 screened articles, we identified and coded 130 articles that met these eligibility criteria. Articles fit into two broad categories: those that prospectively studied outcomes following SOGIECE, with a mean publication year of 1974, and those that retrospectively examined associations between SOGIECE exposure and outcomes, with a mean publication year of 2012. For prospective studies, we systematically documented whether any of five types of harm were present (i.e., use of aversive techniques; lack of informed consent and/or coercion; increased psychopathology; negative changes in life functioning and quality of life; and negative changes in relationships). For retrospective studies, we described their methodological features and the examination of any potential associations between SOGIECE and harm. Of the 86 prospective studies, at least one harm was present in 77.91% of them. Most (68.18%) retrospective studies documented a significant association between SOGIECE and harm. This review documents consistent associations between SOGIECE exposure and harm and summarizes the methodological state of the science upon which this evidence rests. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48468,"journal":{"name":"American Psychologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The trauma of invisibility: Racial microaggressions and psychological distress among Indigenous peoples in Canada.","authors":"Sonya Faber, Kayden Kavanagh, Stephanie M Stewart, Monnica T Williams","doi":"10.1037/amp0001775","DOIUrl":"10.1037/amp0001775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Racism in Canada systematically marginalizes Indigenous communities, with invisibility emerging as a central mechanism of discrimination. This study examines how racial trauma manifests among Indigenous individuals, focusing on microaggressions, ethnic discrimination, and psychological distress. Invisibility-through erasure of identity, culture, and historical injustices-was a recurring theme in Indigenous experiences of racism, reinforcing exclusion and increasing trauma. A total of 196 Indigenous participants (64% First Nations, 26% Métis, 6% Inuit) across Canada were recruited via an online panel. Participants completed validated measures assessing racial trauma, discrimination-related distress, and microaggressions. Statistical analyses included multiple regression models examining predictors of racial trauma and stress. Results revealed that microaggressions, particularly those reinforcing invisibility, were the strongest predictors of racial trauma. Women reported significantly higher racial trauma scores than men, and Inuit participants exhibited the highest trauma symptoms among Indigenous groups. More than half of the sample exceeded clinical thresholds for racial trauma. These findings highlight the critical role of invisibility in sustaining racial trauma, as Indigenous individuals face microaggressions that erase their cultural identity and lived experiences. Beyond overt discrimination, invisibility manifests through systemic exclusion in policy, health care, and societal narratives. Addressing this issue requires structural reform, Indigenous-led policy changes, and culturally responsive mental health interventions to combat erasure and improve well-being in Indigenous communities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48468,"journal":{"name":"American Psychologist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Florence L. Denmark (1931–2026).","authors":"John D. Hogan","doi":"10.1037/amp0001787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001787","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48468,"journal":{"name":"American Psychologist","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The trans care paradox: Mental health disparities among transgender and nonbinary patients in a trans-protective environment.","authors":"Aaron S Breslow, Gray Babbs, Elizabeth Cavic, Iby Thomas, Ana M Progovac, Arjee Restar, Ginette M Sims, David G Zelaya, David B Hanna, Debjyoti Datta, Renée Reopell, Sarit Golub, Jonathan Alpert, Benjamin Lê Cook, J Garrett-Walker","doi":"10.1037/amp0001706","DOIUrl":"10.1037/amp0001706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines mental health disparities among transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive (hereinafter \"trans\") patients within a large urban health care system in the Bronx, New York-a relatively trans-protective legislative environment-amid escalating federal anti-trans legislation. Using electronic health record data (2015-2023) from a large safety-net health care system, we conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing mental health outcomes and services among trans (n = 2,898) and cisgender (n = 29,818) adult patients. We applied the Institute of Medicine rank-and-replace method to isolate disparities attributable to systemic inequities independent of clinical need. Despite greater engagement, trans patients faced disproportionately poor outcomes. Trans patients had more than twice the prevalence of mental health concerns compared with cisgender patients (all ps < .001), including higher rates of mood disorders (10.9% vs. 2.6%) and anxiety disorders (9.7% vs. 3.1%). Trans patients had higher predicted means of primary care utilization (40.92% vs. 38.45%, disparity: 2.48 percentage points, p < .001), minimally recommended mental health treatment (21.18% vs. 19.44%, disparity: 1.74 percentage points, p < .001), suicide-related visits (2.3% vs. 1.2%, disparity: 1.1 percentage points, p < .001), emergency department mental health visits (8.6% vs. 6.4%, disparity: 2.2 percentage points, p < .001), and inpatient mental health stays (0.13 vs. 0.09 stays per year, p < .001). Intersectional analyses revealed compounded disparities for Black and Hispanic patients. These findings highlight a persistent \"care paradox,\" wherein greater health care utilization fails to mitigate adverse outcomes. Results underscore the need for integrated, trans-affirming interventions at the health care system level, broader structural reforms, and community-driven efforts to bolster trans mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48468,"journal":{"name":"American Psychologist","volume":"81 6","pages":"796-815"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13523027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"An environment of fear no matter where I go\": A mixed-methods examination of transgender and gender diverse experiences while facing antitransgender legislation.","authors":"Catherine S J Wall, Conor M C Duffy, Steph L Cull, Gabrielle Cardinale-McGinnis, Jackline A Otieno, Foster R Mardigian, Regina Easter, Eric G Benotsch","doi":"10.1037/amp0001683","DOIUrl":"10.1037/amp0001683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Even under the best of circumstances, transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals face well-documented social and health disparities. In recent years, more than 2,000 legislative and policy-based initiatives have aimed to limit the rights of TGD individuals in accessing gender-affirming health care, sports, and public facilities. These legislative efforts represent a structural stressor that compounds the interpersonal stressors that TGD individuals already face, potentially leading to elevated psychological distress. However, TGD individuals exist within a constellation of experiences that can positively and negatively influence psychological distress. Qualitative and quantitative data from TGD participants from the United States (N = 346) were collected in the context of the ongoing antitransgender legislation. Participants answered questions related to interpersonal and structural stressors, community connection, and social support, as well as open-ended questions asking about the impacts of antitransgender legislation. Quantitative data, assessed using psychometric network analysis, suggested that structural stressors related to antitransgender legislation had a significantly stronger relationship with psychological distress than everyday experiences of discrimination. Results further indicated that social support played a vital role in reducing psychological distress. Qualitative data were assessed using reflexive thematic analysis. A thematic framework with four themes was developed: (1) proximal and distal impacts of legislation, (2) mobility and agency, (3) experiences of privilege, and (4) profound psychological distress. Taken together, results demonstrate the existential threat faced by TGD individuals in the current sociopolitical environment while highlighting the important role that systems of social support play in bolstering psychological well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48468,"journal":{"name":"American Psychologist","volume":"81 6","pages":"843-855"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review and conceptual framework for trans and nonbinary psychological well-being.","authors":"Zakary A Clements, M V Pease, Sharon S Rostosky, M Paz Galupo","doi":"10.1037/amp0001636","DOIUrl":"10.1037/amp0001636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review considered the quantitative research on transgender and nonbinary (TNB) psychological well-being (PWB) in relation to the shifting sociopolitical landscape across the past 50 years. Using an empirically informed framework to conceptualize PWB outside of cisnormativity, we reviewed 93 studies of PWB and organized them according to three socioecological levels of gender identity affirmation: (a) societal affirmation, (b) interpersonal affirmation, and (c) individual strengths. Using a critical intersectional framework, we characterized how well this literature represents the range of experiences within TNB communities, noting that intersectionality was typically incorporated at the individual level (i.e., based on intersecting identities) rather than at the societal level (i.e., systems of oppression) or interpersonal level (i.e., relational/community). Additionally, we contextualized the literature based on historical and transition-related milestones (i.e., shifts in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, World Professional Association for Transgender Health standards of care), noting shifts from trans-negativity to trans-positivity, and more recent studies accounting for the impact of the sociopolitical landscape. We use these findings to propose a novel framework of TNB PWB and provide recommendations for how psychological science can promote PWB and advance intersectional social justice for TNB communities through systems, community, and individual-level interventions. In the context of current sociopolitical attacks, we recommend broadening TNB research beyond the individual level of analysis, decentering cisnormativity, using intersectionality, and including TNB psychological well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48468,"journal":{"name":"American Psychologist","volume":"81 6","pages":"916-934"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148841816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}