Cognition最新文献_第9页

No privileged link between intentionality and causation: Generalizable effects of agency in language 意向性和因果关系之间没有特权联系：语言中能动性的概括效应

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106225

Sehrang Joo , Sami R. Yousif , Fabienne Martin , Frank C. Keil , Joshua Knobe

引用次数: 0

Dual effects of dual-tasking on instrumental learning 双重任务对器乐学习的双重影响

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106228

Huang Ham , Samuel D. McDougle , Anne G.E. Collins

引用次数: 0

People evaluate idle collaborators based on their impact on task efficiency 人们根据空闲合作者对任务效率的影响来评价他们

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106200

Elizabeth Mieczkowski , Cameron Turner , Natalia Vélez , Thomas L. Griffiths

{"title":"People evaluate idle collaborators based on their impact on task efficiency","authors":"Elizabeth Mieczkowski , Cameron Turner , Natalia Vélez , Thomas L. Griffiths","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Humans collaborate to improve productivity, but when is it acceptable for a collaborator to remain idle? Theories from distributed computer systems suggest that, depending on the task structure, division of labor leads to diminishing returns in efficiency as group size increases. We examine whether people are aware of these limitations to collaboration, and how considerations of task efficiency may affect the perceived acceptability of idleness, the withholding of effort during collaborative tasks. Across four experiments (<span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>124</mn></mrow></math></span>), participants saw scenarios where a single collaborator remained idle while other group members washed dishes, prepared a salad, or created flashcards. We manipulated task structure by varying the number of guests (group size), the amount of work to be done (workload), and the number of tools available to do it (environmental bottlenecks), which each constrain how much faster the group could have finished the task if the idle agent had contributed. Participants judged idleness as more acceptable when the idle agent’s contributions would have a smaller effect on task efficiency. These judgments were best captured by a variant of Amdahl’s Law, a theory from distributed systems that predicts the idle agent’s potential impact by integrating group size, workload, and bottlenecks, compared to simpler heuristic models that consider a subset of these factors. Together, our findings lay the groundwork to study human collaborations as natural distributed systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 106200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pupil-linked arousal counteracts the positive effects of reward anticipation on incidental memory encoding 瞳孔相关的觉醒抵消了奖励预期对偶然记忆编码的积极影响

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106237

Beth Lloyd , Steven Miletić , Sander Nieuwenhuis

{"title":"Pupil-linked arousal counteracts the positive effects of reward anticipation on incidental memory encoding","authors":"Beth Lloyd , Steven Miletić , Sander Nieuwenhuis","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The anticipation of a potential reward has been shown to enhance episodic memory, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. While previous research has highlighted the role of attention in improving memory for reward-associated stimuli, the impact of arousal during encoding has been less explored. In this study, we used a monetary incentive delay task followed by a surprise memory test 24 h later to examine whether pupil-linked arousal mediates the beneficial effect of reward anticipation on memory. Contrary to our expectations, we found that higher arousal during encoding impaired subsequent memory performance, counteracting the dominant positive direct effect of reward anticipation on memory. This result suggests that, rather than facilitating memory, increased arousal during reward anticipation may disrupt encoding, possibly by heightening decision urgency. Our findings offer new insights into the complex interplay between reward anticipation, arousal, and memory encoding, highlighting the importance of considering time pressure as a potential influencing factor when studying the central arousal system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 106237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decoding the temporal dynamics of numerical semantics: Early cardinal activation and the critical role of ordinal processing in spatial-numerical associations 解码数字语义的时间动态：早期基数激活和顺序处理在空间-数字关联中的关键作用

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106232

Zhiwei Zhang , Qingqing Chen , Chengtao Wang , Dongxue Zhao , Yun Pan

{"title":"Decoding the temporal dynamics of numerical semantics: Early cardinal activation and the critical role of ordinal processing in spatial-numerical associations","authors":"Zhiwei Zhang , Qingqing Chen , Chengtao Wang , Dongxue Zhao , Yun Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numbers are fundamental to human culture and technological advancement, influencing everything from basic measurement to complex computations. Despite their ubiquity, the cognitive processes underpinning numerical understanding, especially the spatial cognition of numbers, remain inadequately explored. Understanding these processes is crucial as they underpin our ability to learn and interact with our environment. This study utilizes a dual choice go/nogo paradigm integrated with event-related potential (ERP) technique and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to examine the semantics processing mechanisms within spatial-numerical associations (SNAs), particularly focusing on the dynamic temporal characteristics of cardinal and ordinal semantics. The behavioral results revealed that the Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect was observed only in Experiment 1, whereas the ordinal position effect emerged consistently across both experiments, suggesting that SNAs primarily originate from sequential information constructed in working memory, challenging the traditional view that SNAs primarily arise from the spatial distribution of numerical quantity. Traditional ERP analysis did not detect significant motor preparation linked to numerical semantics. However, MVPA results indicated that cardinal semantics are processed prior to ordinal semantics. This temporal dissociation was observed with the decoding accuracy of cardinal semantics being significantly higher than the chance at 112 ms post-stimulus. In contrast, ordinal semantics processing emerged later (around 180–200 milliseconds), and combined analysis with response-related ERP component demonstrated that SNAs show closer associations with ordinal semantics. This research enriches our understanding of numerical cognition and provides new perspectives for exploring the complexity and diversity of SNAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 106232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond numerical quantity: A study of the sub-base-five effect in single-digit comparison 超越数字数量：个位数比较中次五进制效应的研究

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106240

Samuel Lepoittevin , Laurie Geers , Michael Andres

{"title":"Beyond numerical quantity: A study of the sub-base-five effect in single-digit comparison","authors":"Samuel Lepoittevin , Laurie Geers , Michael Andres","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous findings suggest that the mental representations involved in symbolic number comparison carry information not only about the numerical quantity they denote, but also about higher-order properties. While the time to compare pairs of digits increases continuously with numerical size, former studies also revealed a categorical effect characterised by a step increase in response times for pairs with at least one digit >5 compared to those including only digits ≤5. In line with the embodied cognition view, this step increase was interpreted as an inheritance from finger counting practices. This “sub-base-five” effect would find its origin in the need to generate the mental representation of two hands to process numbers >5, whereas one hand is sufficient to represent numbers ≤5. We provide evidence against this interpretation using new analyses designed to uncouple the continuous effect of numerical size and the categorical sub-base-five effect. We demonstrate that the time to compare two Arabic numerals is primarily determined by numerical size, with no steeper increase between pairs with or without number >5. We explain that the sub-base-five effect in digit comparison was likely an artefact of the modelling method previously used to control for numerical size. We nevertheless identified a robust response time increase when comparing 5 and 7, which could not be accounted for by numerical size. These findings question the existence of a sub-base-five effect, which was considered as a marker of embodied cognition, but prompt interest for a previously unnoticed effect emphasizing the special status of particular prime numbers 5 and 7 in symbolic number comparison.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 106240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deaf homesigners can create the foundations of phonetics and phonology without an adult linguistic model 聋哑人可以在没有成人语言模型的情况下创造语音学和音系的基础

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106233

Sotaro Kita , Diane Brentari , Susan Goldin-Meadow

{"title":"Deaf homesigners can create the foundations of phonetics and phonology without an adult linguistic model","authors":"Sotaro Kita , Diane Brentari , Susan Goldin-Meadow","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Children who are exposed to minimal linguistic input can nevertheless introduce linguistic features into their communication systems at the level of morphology, syntax, and semantics (Goldin-Meadow, 2003a). However, it is not clear whether they can do so at the level of phonetics and phonology. This study asks whether congenitally deaf children, unable to learn spoken language and living in a hearing family without exposure to sign language, introduce phonology and phonetics into the gestural communication systems they create, called <em>homesigns</em>. We focused on two foundational properties of phonetics and phonology––<em>discreteness of forms</em>, which is defined independently of meaning and thus forms the basis of <em>duality of patterning</em>. We examined index finger and open flat handshapes in deaf children's homesigns and their hearing mothers' co-speech gestures. We found that handshapes in deictic gestures were more discrete in homesign than in co-speech gesture. Moreover, the degree of discreteness depended on meaning (emblems vs. deictics) in co-speech gesture, but not in homesign. Children can thus create discrete forms that are meaning-independent in their homesign systems even without a model for this feature. This finding helps explain why this feature of language is universal in spoken and signed languages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 106233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144569880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Event boundaries: Costs and benefits for memory 事件边界：内存的成本和收益

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106239

Zhou Su , Ziyi Duan , Xin Yan , Zhuomian Lin , Xiaowei Ding

{"title":"Event boundaries: Costs and benefits for memory","authors":"Zhou Su , Ziyi Duan , Xin Yan , Zhuomian Lin , Xiaowei Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Event boundaries are known to benefit memory at the boundary, a phenomenon explained by Event Segmentation Theory as the result of increased attention. However, Event Segmentation Theory offers no clear prediction about the fate of information immediately following the boundary. To address this theoretical ambiguity, we conducted five experiments (<em>N</em> = 171) to examine the effects of event boundaries on post-boundary item memory and source memory. Using a continuous report paradigm and the Target Confusability Competition model, we found a surprising memory <em>cost</em> (higher absolute response errors and weaker memory strength) for post-boundary items than for non-post-boundary items (Experiment 1). This cost effect persisted when task difficulty decreased (Experiment 2) and when items varied in category within the same event (Experiment 3). Experiment 4 found that this post-boundary item memory cost was accompanied by a benefit in source memory. Such effects reflect the allocation of attention, as evidenced by a reduced proportion of fixation time on post-boundary items and increased fixation on post-boundary sources relative to their non-post-boundary counterparts (Experiment 5). Our results first reveal a post-boundary item memory cost and a source memory benefit, suggesting that the attention enhancement at event boundaries extends to the post-boundary context, reducing resources for post-boundary items. Our findings provide new insights into Event Segmentation Theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 106239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The psychological link between decisions and communicative behavior based on verbal probabilities 基于言语概率的决策与交际行为之间的心理联系

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106230

Hidehito Honda , Toshihiko Matsuka , Kazuhiro Ueda

{"title":"The psychological link between decisions and communicative behavior based on verbal probabilities","authors":"Hidehito Honda , Toshihiko Matsuka , Kazuhiro Ueda","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Verbal probability is categorized into two types in terms of directionality: positive (suggesting the occurrence of a target outcome: e.g., “it is likely”) or negative (suggesting the nonoccurrence: e.g., “it is quite uncertain”). Previous studies have shown that people's decisions are affected by differences in directionality, and that they use either positive or negative expressions depending on the communicative situation. In this study, we attempt to clarify the relationship between decisions and communicative behavior based on verbal probabilities. We proposed a quantitative model called <em>Decision by Belief Sampling</em> based on the Decision by Sampling model and the reference point hypothesis, and examined whether decisions and communicative behaviors could be explained with this model. The proposed model reveals the psychological mechanisms underlying superficially unrelated phenomena between decisions and communicative behaviors. In particular, listeners of verbal probabilities (decision-makers) infer the beliefs held by a speaker (conveyer of information) and make decisions based on these beliefs. These inferred beliefs align with the speaker's beliefs when communicating probabilistic information. Thus, the proposed model clarifies the psychological link between decisions affected by directionality and communicative behaviors (speaker's choice of directionality).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 106230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Remembering facial age: Assimilation in memory toward categories of ‘Young’ and ‘Old’ 记住面部年龄：记忆中对“年轻”和“年老”类别的同化

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106223

Didi Dunin , Joan Danielle K. Ongchoco , Benjamin F. van Buren

引用次数: 0