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Financial Crises and the Selection and Survival of Women Finance Ministers 金融危机与女性财政部长的选择和生存
1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423000825
BRENNA ARMSTRONG, TIFFANY D. BARNES, DAINA CHIBA, DIANA Z. O’BRIEN
{"title":"Financial Crises and the Selection and Survival of Women Finance Ministers","authors":"BRENNA ARMSTRONG, TIFFANY D. BARNES, DAINA CHIBA, DIANA Z. O’BRIEN","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423000825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423000825","url":null,"abstract":"Women remain underrepresented in cabinets, especially in high-prestige, “masculine” portfolios. Still, a growing number of states have appointed women to the finance ministry—a powerful position typically reserved for men. Drawing on the “glass cliff” phenomenon, we examine the relationship between financial crises and women’s ascension to, and survival in, this post. With an original dataset on appointments to finance ministries worldwide (1972–2017), we show that women are more likely to first come to power during a banking crisis. These results also hold for currency and inflation crises and even when accounting for the political and economic conditions that might otherwise explain this relationship. Subsequent examination of almost 3,000 finance ministers’ tenures shows that, once in office, crises shorten men’s (but not women’s) time in the post. Together, these results suggest that women can sometimes seize on crises as opportunities to access traditionally male-dominated positions.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136209227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Political Consequences of Green Policies: Evidence from Italy—CORRIGENDUM 绿色政策的政治后果:来自意大利的证据-勘误
1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423001065
ITALO COLANTONE, LIVIO DI LONARDO, YOTAM MARGALIT, MARCO PERCOCO
{"title":"The Political Consequences of Green Policies: Evidence from Italy—CORRIGENDUM","authors":"ITALO COLANTONE, LIVIO DI LONARDO, YOTAM MARGALIT, MARCO PERCOCO","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423001065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423001065","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Representation from Below: How Women’s Grassroots Party Activism Promotes Equal Political Participation 来自下层的代表:妇女基层政党行动主义如何促进平等政治参与
1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423000953
TANUSHREE GOYAL
{"title":"Representation from Below: How Women’s Grassroots Party Activism Promotes Equal Political Participation","authors":"TANUSHREE GOYAL","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423000953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423000953","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive research investigates the impact of descriptive representation on women’s political participation; yet, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This article develops a novel theory of descriptive representation, arguing that women politicians mobilize women’s political participation by recruiting women as grassroots party activists. Evidence from a citizen survey and the natural experiment of gender quotas in India confirm that women politicians are more likely to recruit women party activists, and citizens report greater contact with them in reserved constituencies during elections. Furthermore, with women party activists at the helm, electoral campaigns are more likely to contact women, and activist contact is positively associated with political knowledge and participation. Evidence from representative surveys of politicians and party activists and fieldwork in campaigns, further support the theory. The findings highlight the pivotal role of women’s party activism in shaping women’s political behavior, especially in contexts with pervasive clientelism and persistent gender unequal norms.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135095677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Segregation and the Spatial Externalities of Inequality: A Theory of Interdependence and Public Goods in Cities 隔离与不平等的空间外部性:城市中相互依赖与公共产品的理论
1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423000722
ALICE Z. XU
{"title":"Segregation and the Spatial Externalities of Inequality: A Theory of Interdependence and Public Goods in Cities","authors":"ALICE Z. XU","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423000722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423000722","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional wisdom claims that racial diversity undermines public goods provision. I show that class-based differences, instead, incentivize cooperation for public goods. Class-based segregation reduces spatial externalities of inequality (e.g., sewage pollution and crime) spilling over from impoverished areas (e.g., slums) to the middle class. Conversely, I argue that in integrated (de-segregated) cities, the scale of such externalities undermines the efficacy of private services (e.g., private security), thereby inducing middle-class preferences for externalities-correcting public goods. Thus, while segregation polarizes preferences, integration aligns the middle class with the poor in coalitions that support public goods over private alternatives. I illustrate the theory using focus groups, a proposed quasi-experimental strategy, and an original face-to-face survey of 4,208 households across 420 neighborhoods in São Paulo, Brazil. The analysis introduces self-interest in reducing intergroup externalities as a mechanism for cooperation for public goods even in diverse societies. Using mechanism vignettes, I distinguish the mechanism from the affective attitudes—racial tolerance, social affinity—of intergroup contact.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135094587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Can neurological recovery occur after late decompression of an intradural cement leakage? 硬膜内水泥渗漏后期减压后能否恢复神经功能?
IF 1.4 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.25259/JNRP_105_2023
Mehmet Yigit Akgun, Ozkan Ates, Caner Gunerbuyuk, Oguz Baran, Ali Fahir Ozer
{"title":"Can neurological recovery occur after late decompression of an intradural cement leakage?","authors":"Mehmet Yigit Akgun, Ozkan Ates, Caner Gunerbuyuk, Oguz Baran, Ali Fahir Ozer","doi":"10.25259/JNRP_105_2023","DOIUrl":"10.25259/JNRP_105_2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) can be applied widely from osteoporotic to metastatic fractures. Pain, radiculopathy, spinal cord compression, pulmonary embolism, and infection are common complications of this procedure. However, rare complications such as intradural cement leakage have also been reported. There is little or no data on the results obtained after the late intervention. In addition, the midline total laminectomy method, which is the classical method, was predominantly used in intradural cement leaks after PV. We would like to report a 69-year-old female patient who underwent vertebroplasty for her L1 osteoporotic fracture about 3 months ago in an external center and subsequently developed paresis. The patient's surgery was successfully performed without the need for stabilization by hemilaminectomy. The improvement in the clinical findings of our case despite the late decompression shows that surgery is the most satisfactory option in such patients. As a surgical method, total excision can be achieved with the posterior hemilaminectomy approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"71 1","pages":"744-746"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10696329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78710642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of adalimumab on interleukin 12/23 signalling pathways in human keratinocytes treated with lipopolysaccharide A. 阿达木单抗对脂多糖A处理人角质形成细胞白细胞介素12/23信号通路的影响
1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2023.129272
Paulina Buda, Piotr Michalski, Oliwia Warmusz, Anna Michalska-Bańkowska, Tomasz Sirek, Piotr Ossowski, Paweł Bogdał, Damian Strojny, Anna Pisany-Syska, Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
{"title":"Influence of adalimumab on interleukin 12/23 signalling pathways in human keratinocytes treated with lipopolysaccharide A.","authors":"Paulina Buda, Piotr Michalski, Oliwia Warmusz, Anna Michalska-Bańkowska, Tomasz Sirek, Piotr Ossowski, Paweł Bogdał, Damian Strojny, Anna Pisany-Syska, Beniamin Oskar Grabarek","doi":"10.5114/ada.2023.129272","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ada.2023.129272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The interleukin-12/23 (IL-12/23) signalling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. In addition, even molecularly targeted therapy has been reported to lose adequate response to treatment.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the expression patterns of mRNAs and miRNAs related to IL-12/23 signalling pathways in the human keratinocyte culture exposed to liposaccharide A (LPS) and then adalimumab in comparison with untreated cells.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Human, adult, low-Calcium, high-Temperature keratinocyte (HaCaT) cultures were exposed to 1 µg/ml LPS for 8 h, and then adalimumab was added to the cultures at a concentration of 8 µg/ml and incubated for 2, 8, and 24 h. We used mRNA and miRNA microarray, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, IL-6, IL-6R, SOCS3, and JAK3 genes differentiated HaCaT cultures with the drug from controls regardless of the time the cells were exposed to the drug. The addition of adalimumab to a culture previously exposed to LPS resulted in silencing of SOCS3 and IL-6 expression compared to the control, while for the other transcripts they were found to be overexpressed compared to the control culture. The assessment indicated the strongest connections between JAK3 and hsa-miR-373-5p (target score 96); SOCS3, STAT5, and hsa-miR-1827 (target score 96).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study indicates that adalimumab has the strongest modulating effect on mRNA and miRNA expression of JAK/STAT and IL-6-dependent IL-12/23 pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"71 1","pages":"647-654"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10646715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78717663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What’s Wrong with Neocolonialism: The Case of Unequal Trade in Cultural Goods 新殖民主义错在哪里:文化商品不平等贸易的案例
1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423000795
SHUK YING CHAN, ALAN PATTEN
{"title":"What’s Wrong with Neocolonialism: The Case of Unequal Trade in Cultural Goods","authors":"SHUK YING CHAN, ALAN PATTEN","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423000795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423000795","url":null,"abstract":"Unequal patterns of cultural exchange between the Global South and Global North are sometimes labeled “neo-colonial.” What, if anything, is wrong with these patterns? Debates surrounding cultural globalization have traditionally divided proponents of free trade and cultural preservation. The article develops an alternative account grounded in a global application of the ideal of social equality. Citizens of privileged societies ought to regard and relate to citizens of disadvantaged societies as social equals. Patterns of cultural exchange play an important role in promoting these relationships. Historically, colonized peoples were often regarded as inferior based on perceived failures to produce cultural achievements. To the extent that unequal global cultural production and exchange persist, the colonial pattern remains. The duty to relate to foreigners as equals implies that Global North countries should stop pressing for cultural trade concessions and instead favor the import of cultural goods from the Global South.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135198972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Rents to Welfare: Why Are Some Oil-Rich States Generous to Their People? 从租金到福利:为什么一些富油国家对人民慷慨?
1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423000977
FERDINAND EIBL, STEFFEN HERTOG
{"title":"From Rents to Welfare: Why Are Some Oil-Rich States Generous to Their People?","authors":"FERDINAND EIBL, STEFFEN HERTOG","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423000977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423000977","url":null,"abstract":"Why do some, but not all oil-rich states provide generous welfare to their populations? Building on a case study of Oman in the 1960s and 1970s, we argue that anti-systemic subversive threats motivate ruling elites in oil states to use welfare as a tool of mass co-optation. We use the generalized synthetic control method and difference-in-difference regressions for a global quantitative test of our argument, assessing the effect of different types of subversion on a range of long-term welfare outcomes in oil-rich and oil-poor states. We demonstrate that the positive effect of subversion appears limited to center-seeking subversive threats in oil-rich countries. The paper addresses a key puzzle in the literature on resource-rich states, which makes contradictory predictions about the impact of resource rents on welfare provision.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135198969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Ambivalence of Alexander Berkman’s Anti-Prison Anarchism 亚历山大·伯克曼反监狱无政府主义的矛盾心理
1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423000965
NOLAN BENNETT
{"title":"The Ambivalence of Alexander Berkman’s Anti-Prison Anarchism","authors":"NOLAN BENNETT","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423000965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423000965","url":null,"abstract":"Alexander Berkman’s 1912 Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist is a significant book in the development of American anti-prison politics, not despite, but because of its ambivalent approach to prisons. I trace through Berkman’s book and archive an unresolved tension between two approaches to the prison: advocacy for political prisoners, whereby the prison is a state tool for suppressing radical ideas, and advocacy against the politics of prisons, whereby the prison is an “aggravated counterpart” of social structures and a site of struggle. Berkman’s ambivalence between these approaches amid his memoirs and activism exemplifies the complex development of U.S. thinking on prisons and enduring tensions in contemporary prison politics.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135344224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Media Reflect! Policy, the Public, and the News 媒体反映!政策、公众和新闻
1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423000874
CHRISTOPHER WLEZIEN, STUART SOROKA
{"title":"Media Reflect! Policy, the Public, and the News","authors":"CHRISTOPHER WLEZIEN, STUART SOROKA","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423000874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423000874","url":null,"abstract":"Mass media are often portrayed as having large effects on democratic politics. Media content is not simply an exogenous influence on publics and policymakers, however. There is reason to think that this content reflects publics and politics as much as—if not more than—it affects them. This letter examines those possibilities, focusing on interactions between news coverage, budgetary policy, and public preferences in the defense, welfare, and health-care domains in the United States. Results indicate that media play a largely reflective role. Taking this role into account, we suggest, leads to a fundamentally different perspective on how media content matters in politics.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135344126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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