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Survivorship analysis of CAD-CAM total shoulder replacement. CAD-CAM 全肩关节置换术的存活率分析。
IF 1.5 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/17585732231193285
Sandeep Krishan Nayar, David Butt, Aditya Prinja, Will Rudge, Addie Majed, Deborah Higgs, Mark Falworth
{"title":"Survivorship analysis of CAD-CAM total shoulder replacement.","authors":"Sandeep Krishan Nayar, David Butt, Aditya Prinja, Will Rudge, Addie Majed, Deborah Higgs, Mark Falworth","doi":"10.1177/17585732231193285","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732231193285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glenoid bone loss represents a challenge in shoulder arthroplasty and often precludes standard implants. The CAD-CAM total shoulder replacement (TSR) is an option in these cases. This study aimed to assess survivorship and long-term patient outcomes of the CAD-CAM TSR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-eight patients that underwent a CAD-CAM TSR by three surgeons at a single tertiary referral centre between 2009 and 2017 were reviewed. The mean follow-up was 70 months (28-130). Data was collected on survivorship, range of movement, Oxford shoulder score (OSS, 0-48), subjective shoulder value (SSV, 0-100%), pain score (0-10), and overall patient satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CAD-CAM TSR was undertaken as a primary procedure in 28% (<i>n</i> = 16) for end-stage arthritis with severe glenoid bone loss, and as a revision procedure in 72% (<i>n</i> = 42). Of the total, 17% (<i>n</i> = 10) required component revision at a mean of 24 months (4x prosthesis loosening, 3x infection, 3x periprosthetic fracture). Forward elevation improved from 45° ± 27° to 59° ± 29° (P = 0.0056), abduction from 43° ± 29° to 55° ± 26° (P = 0.034) and external rotation from 8° ± 11° to 16° ± 14° (P = 0.031). OSS improved from 15 ± 8 to 29 ± 9 (P = 0.0009), SSV from 18 ± 16 to 62 ± 23 (P < 0.0001), and pain score from 8 ± 2 to 2 ± 2 (P < 0.0001). 88% of patients would undergo the procedure again.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CAD-CAM TSR is reserved for complex cases involving severe glenoid bone loss, offering significant improvements in pain and function with overall positive patient satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"96 1","pages":"390-396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78767045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nasal Masses: A Report of Two Rare Cases, from Benign to Malignant. 鼻肿块:两例罕见病例报告，由良转恶性。
IF 0.6 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04007-6
Riddhi Jaiswal, Vinay Prakash Singh, Shishir Mishra, Rinka Yadav, Lord Karnwallis
{"title":"Nasal Masses: A Report of Two Rare Cases, from Benign to Malignant.","authors":"Riddhi Jaiswal, Vinay Prakash Singh, Shishir Mishra, Rinka Yadav, Lord Karnwallis","doi":"10.1007/s12070-023-04007-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12070-023-04007-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical practitioners in peripheral remote areas face challenges in treating patients, that are much different from those who are working in an institute or accessible regions. We are discussing two cases, which were clinically diagnosed at our centre and were biopsy proven at a tertiary care institute. First case is of a benign adnexal neoplasm while the second is dreaded midline granuloma. Both the patients received satisfactory consultation and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"68 1","pages":"3971-3974"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10645762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90662779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Joint Bayesian longitudinal models for mixed outcome types and associated model selection techniques. 混合结果类型的联合贝叶斯纵向模型及相关模型选择技术。
IF 1 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00180-022-01280-x
Nicholas Seedorff, Grant Brown, Breanna Scorza, Christine A Petersen
{"title":"Joint Bayesian longitudinal models for mixed outcome types and associated model selection techniques.","authors":"Nicholas Seedorff, Grant Brown, Breanna Scorza, Christine A Petersen","doi":"10.1007/s00180-022-01280-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00180-022-01280-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Motivated by data measuring progression of leishmaniosis in a cohort of US dogs, we develop a Bayesian longitudinal model with autoregressive errors to jointly analyze ordinal and continuous outcomes. Multivariate methods can borrow strength across responses and may produce improved longitudinal forecasts of disease progression over univariate methods. We explore the performance of our proposed model under simulation, and demonstrate that it has improved prediction accuracy over traditional Bayesian hierarchical models. We further identify an appropriate model selection criterion. We show that our method holds promise for use in the clinical setting, particularly when ordinal outcomes are measured alongside other variables types that may aid clinical decision making. This approach is particularly applicable when multiple, imperfect measures of disease progression are available.</p>","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"56 1","pages":"1735-1769"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10825672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78749953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bureaucratic Quality and the Gap between Implementation Burden and Administrative Capacities 官僚素质与执行负担与行政能力的差距
1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423001090
XAVIER FERNÁNDEZ-I-MARÍN, CHRISTOPH KNILL, CHRISTINA STEINBACHER, YVES STEINEBACH
{"title":"Bureaucratic Quality and the Gap between Implementation Burden and Administrative Capacities","authors":"XAVIER FERNÁNDEZ-I-MARÍN, CHRISTOPH KNILL, CHRISTINA STEINBACHER, YVES STEINEBACH","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423001090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423001090","url":null,"abstract":"Democratic governments produce more policies than they can effectively implement. Yet, this gap between the number of policies requiring implementation and the administrative capacities available to do so is not the same in all democracies but varies across countries and sectors. We argue that this variation depends on the coupling of the sectoral bureaucracies in charge of policy formulation and those in charge of policy implementation. We consider these patterns of vertical policy-process integration an important feature of bureaucratic quality. The more the policymaking level is involved in policy implementation (top-down integration) and the easier the policy-implementing level finds it to feed its concerns into policymaking (bottom-up integration), the smaller the so-called “burden-capacity gap.” We demonstrate this effect through an empirical analysis in 21 OECD countries over a period of more than 40 years in the areas of social and environmental policies.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":" 33","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Publius’ Proleptic Constitution 普布利乌斯的预言宪法
1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423001119
CONNOR M. EWING
{"title":"Publius’ Proleptic Constitution","authors":"CONNOR M. EWING","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423001119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423001119","url":null,"abstract":"Even as The Federalist is frequently read to illuminate the origins of the American constitutional order, it advances a powerful account of the political future to be created and encountered by the polity the Constitution would found. Central to this account is a proleptic mode of analysis used to anticipate probable political developments and future patterns of constitutional politics, depict their systemic consequences, and identify how those consequences would feed back into the political system. Publius’ proleptic analyses comprise a descriptive theory of constitutional development according to which success on the terms stipulated—namely, the realization of a stable and well-administered constitutional union—would both bolster the new national government and supply the conditions for the expansion of its authority. Together, The Federalist ’s proleptic analyses and the developmental theory they comprise disclose a dynamic constitutional imagination characterized by the changeability of authority relations.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135633998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Democracy and the Epistemic Problems of Political Polarization 民主与政治两极分化的认识问题
1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423001089
JONATHAN BENSON
{"title":"Democracy and the Epistemic Problems of Political Polarization","authors":"JONATHAN BENSON","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423001089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423001089","url":null,"abstract":"Political polarization is one of the most discussed challenges facing contemporary democracies and is often associated with a broader epistemic crisis. While inspiring a large literature in political science, polarization’s epistemic problems also have significance for normative democratic theory, and this study develops a new approach aimed at understanding them. In contrast to prominent accounts from political psychology—group polarization theory and cultural cognition theory—which argue that polarization leads individuals to form unreliable political beliefs, this study focuses on system-level diversity. It argues that polarization’s epistemic harms are best located in its tendency to reduce the diversity of perspectives utilized in a democratic system and in how this weakens the system’s ability to identify and address problems of public concern. Understanding such harms is also argued to require a greater consideration of the political dynamics of polarization and issues of elite discourse, alongside political psychology.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"31 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135867974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Autocratic Policy and the Accumulation of Social Capital: The Moscow Housing Renovation Program 专制政策与社会资本的积累:莫斯科住宅改造计划
1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423000941
EKATERINA BORISOVA, REGINA SMYTH, ALEXEI ZAKHAROV
{"title":"Autocratic Policy and the Accumulation of Social Capital: The Moscow Housing Renovation Program","authors":"EKATERINA BORISOVA, REGINA SMYTH, ALEXEI ZAKHAROV","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423000941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423000941","url":null,"abstract":"Can autocratic policy generate incentives for the accumulation of social capital and political engagement? This question is important to understand stability in authoritarian regimes that increasingly rely on governance to build legitimacy and social support. While existing research shows that the incentives for societal interaction embedded in policies can yield new forms of social capital and political engagement in democratic regimes, the top-down nature of policy and the corrupt and information-poor context of policy implementation could undermine this mechanism in authoritarian regimes. We explore this question by examining the effect of the Moscow Housing Renovation Program, a massive urban renewal project, that required residents to organize to obtain new housing. Comparing a matched sample of 1,300 residents living in buildings included and excluded from the program, we find that interactions induced by the program led to changes in the level of social capital among residents in included buildings. We also find spillover effects on political engagement and collective action against pension reform.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"215 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
International Rewards for Gender Equality Reforms in Autocracies 专制国家性别平等改革的国际奖励
1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423001016
SARAH SUNN BUSH, DANIELA DONNO, PÄR ZETTERBERG
{"title":"International Rewards for Gender Equality Reforms in Autocracies","authors":"SARAH SUNN BUSH, DANIELA DONNO, PÄR ZETTERBERG","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423001016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423001016","url":null,"abstract":"How do international audiences perceive, and respond to, gender equality reforms in autocracies? For autocrats, the post-Cold War rewards associated with democracy create incentives to make reforms that will be viewed as democratic but not threaten their political survival. We theorize women’s rights as one such policy area, contrasting it with more politically costly reforms to increase electoral competition. A conjoint survey experiment with development and democracy promotion professionals demonstrates how autocracies enhance their reputations and prospects for foreign aid using this strategy. While increasing electoral competition significantly improves perceived democracy and support for aid, increasing women’s economic rights is also highly effective. Gender quotas exhibit a significant (though smaller) effect on perceived democracy. A follow-up survey of the public and elite interviews replicate and contextualize the findings. Relevant international elites espouse a broad, egalitarian conception of democracy, and autocrats accordingly enjoy considerable leeway in how to burnish their reputations.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135265933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Willing but Unable: Reassessing the Relationship between Racial Group Consciousness and Black Political Participation 愿意但不能:重新评估种族群体意识与黑人政治参与的关系
1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423000370
JASMINE CARRERA SMITH, JARED CLEMONS, ARVIND KRISHNAMURTHY, MIGUEL MARTINEZ, LEANN MCLAREN, ISMAIL K. WHITE
{"title":"Willing but Unable: Reassessing the Relationship between Racial Group Consciousness and Black Political Participation","authors":"JASMINE CARRERA SMITH, JARED CLEMONS, ARVIND KRISHNAMURTHY, MIGUEL MARTINEZ, LEANN MCLAREN, ISMAIL K. WHITE","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423000370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423000370","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we offer a framework for understanding the role that racial group consciousness (RGC) plays in influencing Black Americans’ engagement in costly political action. Attempting to add clarity to decades of inconsistent and at times contradictory findings, we argue that the effect of RGC at inspiring political action among Black Americans is conditional on (1) the relevance of the political activity to achieving a well-recognized racial group outcome and (2) individual capacity to assume the cost of engaging in the activity. Analyzing data from the ANES and two behavioral experiments, we find that RGC exhibits a consistently strong relationship with engagement in low-cost political behavior, regardless of whether the behavior has some explicit group-relevant outcome. When engagement becomes more costly, however, Blacks high in RGC are only willing to assume these costs if the engagement has some clear potential for racial group benefit.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"14 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135405662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Serious Conflicts with Benign Outcomes? The Electoral Consequences of Conflictual Cabinet Terminations 严重冲突与良性结果?冲突内阁解散的选举后果
1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1017/s000305542300093x
FLORENCE SO
{"title":"Serious Conflicts with Benign Outcomes? The Electoral Consequences of Conflictual Cabinet Terminations","authors":"FLORENCE SO","doi":"10.1017/s000305542300093x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s000305542300093x","url":null,"abstract":"Conflictual cabinet terminations are seismic events in democracies, but their consequences are understudied. I argue that the electoral impacts of conflictual cabinet terminations depend on voters’ perceptions of them. Terminations following non-policy conflicts are electorally costly. They signal parties’ deteriorating governing competence, which reduces parties’ vote shares. In contrast, terminations following policy conflicts signal parties’ unwillingness to compromise their policy positions and clarify parties’ policy profiles, thus allowing them to evade voter punishment and junior coalition parties to reap electoral reward, particularly for those terminations preceded by interparty policy conflicts. Statistical analyses using the Party Government in Europe Database dataset support my argument on policy terminations and reveal more nuanced electoral effects of non-policy conflict terminations. These findings are robust to various alternative explanations, as well as multiple cabinet terminations and time passed from termination to election. The findings have large implications on electoral accountability of intra-cabinet conflicts and the quality of governance.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135993529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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