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Joint Bayesian longitudinal models for mixed outcome types and associated model selection techniques. 混合结果类型的联合贝叶斯纵向模型及相关模型选择技术。
IF 1 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00180-022-01280-x
Nicholas Seedorff, Grant Brown, Breanna Scorza, Christine A Petersen
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引用次数: 0
“Filling the Ranks”: Moral Risk and the Ethics of Military Recruitment "充实军衔"：道德风险与征兵伦理
IF 6.8 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423001247
Jonathan Parry, Christina Easton
{"title":"“Filling the Ranks”: Moral Risk and the Ethics of Military Recruitment","authors":"Jonathan Parry, Christina Easton","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423001247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423001247","url":null,"abstract":"If states are permitted to create and maintain a military force, by what means are they permitted to do so? This article argues that a theory of just recruitment should incorporate a concern for moral risk. Since the military is a morally risky profession for its members, recruitment policies should be evaluated in terms of how they distribute moral risk within a community. We show how common military recruitment practices exacerbate and concentrate moral risk exposure, using the UK as a case study. We argue that the British state wrongs its citizens by subjecting them to excessively morally risky recruitment practices. Since, we argue, this risk exposure cannot be justified by appealing to the benefits of a military career for recruits, our argument calls for reform of existing practices. Our method of evaluation is generalizable and therefore can be used to assess other states’ practices.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"300 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From “Chinese Colonist” to “Yellow Peril”: Capitalist Racialization in the British Empire 从 "中国殖民者 "到 "黄祸"：大英帝国的资本主义种族化
IF 6.8 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423001260
O. Ince
{"title":"From “Chinese Colonist” to “Yellow Peril”: Capitalist Racialization in the British Empire","authors":"O. Ince","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423001260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423001260","url":null,"abstract":"The literature on “racial capitalism” exhibits a tension between the term’s evocative power and its conceptual imprecision. This article navigates this tension by developing the mid-level concept of “capitalist racialization,” which specifies the role of capitalist abstractions in the construction of racial hierarchies. I elaborate this notion around the racialization of Chinese migration in nineteenth-century Southeast Asia. I focalize the figure of the “Chinese colonist” as an index of the capitalist standards by which British observers ordered colonial populations in their reflections on imperial political economy. I argue that the racial stereotype of “the Chinese” as commercial, industrious, and “colonizing” people emerged from the subsumption of colonial land and labor under capital. Their “colonizing” capacity rendered Chinese migrants simultaneously an economic asset to the British Empire and a potential threat to the white world order. “Capitalist racialization” therefore highlights new inroads into the entwined histories of capitalism, racism, and empire.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"240 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139214625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Making Sense, Making Choices: How Civilians Choose Survival Strategies during Violence 理智，做出选择：平民如何在暴力中选择生存策略
IF 6.8 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423001259
Aidan Milliff
{"title":"Making Sense, Making Choices: How Civilians Choose Survival Strategies during Violence","authors":"Aidan Milliff","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423001259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423001259","url":null,"abstract":"How do ordinary people choose survival strategies during intense, surprising political violence? Why do some flee violence, while others fight back, adapt, or hide? Individual decision-making during violence has vast political consequences, but remains poorly understood. I develop a decision-making theory focused on individual appraisals of how controllable and predictable violent environments are. I apply my theory, situational appraisal theory, to explain the choices of Indian Sikhs during the 1980s–1990s Punjab crisis and 1984 anti-Sikh pogroms. In original interviews plus qualitative and machine learning analysis of 509 oral histories, I show that control and predictability appraisals influence strategy selection. People who perceive “low” control over threats often avoid threats rather than approach them. People who perceive “low” predictability in threat evolution prefer more-disruptive strategies over moderate, risk-monitoring options. Appraisals explain behavior variation even after accounting for individual demographics and conflict characteristics, and also account for survival strategy changes over time.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"241 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139214804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unreported Realities: The Political Economy of Media-Sourced Data 未报道的现实：媒体数据的政治经济学
IF 6.8 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423001181
Sarah E. Parkinson
{"title":"Unreported Realities: The Political Economy of Media-Sourced Data","authors":"Sarah E. Parkinson","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423001181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423001181","url":null,"abstract":"What is the gap between scholars’ expectations of media-sourced data and the realities those data actually represent? This letter elucidates the data generation process (DGP) that undergirds media-sourced data: journalistic reporting. It uses semi-structured interviews with 15 journalists to analyze how media actors decide what and how to report—in other words, the “why” of reporting specific events to the exclusion of others—as well as how the larger professional, economic, and political contexts in which journalists operate shape the material scholars treat as data. The letter thus centers “unreported realities”: the fact that media-derived data reflect reporters’ locations, identities, capacities, and outlet priorities, rather than providing a representative sample of ongoing events. In doing so, it reveals variations in the consistency and constancy of reporting that produce unacknowledged, difficult-to-identify biases in media-sourced data that are not directionally predictable.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139253868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Engineering Territory: Space and Colonies in Silicon Valley 工程领地：硅谷的太空与殖民地
IF 6.8 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423001156
Alina Utrata
{"title":"Engineering Territory: Space and Colonies in Silicon Valley","authors":"Alina Utrata","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423001156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423001156","url":null,"abstract":"Although space colonization appears to belong to the world of science fiction, private corporations owned by Silicon Valley billionaires—and supported by the US state—have spent billions making it a reality. Analyses of space colonialism have sometimes viewed these projects as distinct from earthly histories of colonialism, instead locating them within traditions of libertarianism, neoliberalism, or techno-utopianism. By reconstructing technology elites’ political visions for celestial settlements within the literature on colonial-era corporations and property, this study argues that the idea of outer space as an empty frontier relies on the same logic of territorialization that was used to justify terrestrial colonialism and indigenous dispossession. It further traces how the idea of “engineering territory” has inspired wider Silicon Valley political exit projects such as cyberspace, seasteading, and network states, which, rather than creating spaces of anarchical freedom, are attempting to recreate the territorial state in new spaces.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"103 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139267384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What Politicians Do Not Know Can Hurt You: The Effects of Information on Politicians’ Spending Decisions 政客们不知道的事可能会伤害你：信息对政治家支出决策的影响
IF 6.8 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423001132
Ryan Jablonski, Brigitte Seim
{"title":"What Politicians Do Not Know Can Hurt You: The Effects of Information on Politicians’ Spending Decisions","authors":"Ryan Jablonski, Brigitte Seim","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423001132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423001132","url":null,"abstract":"Do well-informed politicians make more effective spending decisions? In experiments with 70% of all elected politicians in Malawi ( $ N=460 $ ), we tested the effects of information on public spending. Specifically, we randomly provided information about school needs, foreign aid, and voting patterns prior to officials making real decisions about the allocation of spending. We show that these information interventions reduced inequalities in spending: treatment group politicians were more likely to spend in schools neglected by donors and in schools with greater need. Some information treatment effects were strongest in remote and less populated communities. These results suggest that information gaps partially explain inequalities in spending allocation and imply social welfare benefits from improving politicians’ access to information about community needs.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"28 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139267240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Judicial Specialization and Deference in Asylum Cases on the U.S. Courts of Appeals 美国上诉法院在庇护案件中的司法专业化和偏倚性
IF 6.8 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423001144
Maureen Stobb, Joshua B. Kennedy
{"title":"Judicial Specialization and Deference in Asylum Cases on the U.S. Courts of Appeals","authors":"Maureen Stobb, Joshua B. Kennedy","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423001144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423001144","url":null,"abstract":"Many look to the federal courts as an avenue of control of the growing administrative state. Some advocate the creation of specialized federal courts of appeals in areas such as immigration and social security. Yet, little is known about whether repeat exposure to specific types of cases enables federal judges to overcome doctrines of deference and whether such an effect would be policy-neutral. Gathering a sample of over 4000 cases decided by the U.S. Courts of Appeals between 2002 and 2017, we demonstrate that exposure to asylum cases over time emboldens federal judges to challenge administrative asylum decisions, asserting their personal policy preferences. The effect is particularly strong when the legal issue should prompt deference based on bureaucratic expertise. These findings not only address important questions raised by bureaucracy and court scholars but also inform a salient public debate concerning the proper treatment of those seeking refuge within our borders.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139270518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Taking Stock of Solidarity between People of Color: A Mini Meta-Analysis of Five Experiments 评估有色人种之间的团结:五个实验的迷你荟萃分析
1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423001120
EFRÉN PÉREZ, BIANCA VICUÑA, ALISSON RAMOS
{"title":"Taking Stock of Solidarity between People of Color: A Mini Meta-Analysis of Five Experiments","authors":"EFRÉN PÉREZ, BIANCA VICUÑA, ALISSON RAMOS","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423001120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423001120","url":null,"abstract":"Recent work suggests that solidarity between people of color (PoC) is triggered when a minoritized ingroup believes they are discriminated similarly to another outgroup based on their alleged foreignness or inferiority. Heightened solidarity then boosts support for policies that benefit minoritized outgroups who are not one’s own. Available experiments on this pathway vary by participants (e.g., Asian, Black, Middle Eastern, and Latino adults), manipulations (similar discrimination as foreign vs. inferior ), and pro-outgroup outcomes (support for undocumented immigrants, Black Lives Matter). We report a pre-registered mini meta-analysis of this solidarity mechanism. Across five experiments ( N = 3,252), similar discrimination as foreign or inferior reliably triggers solidarity between PoC, which then substantially increases support for pro-outgroup policies. This mediated pathway is robust to possible confounding and emerges across studies and planned contrasts of them. We discuss what the viability of this mechanism implies for further theoretic and empirical innovations in a racially diversifying polity.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"14 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heterogeneous Naturalization Effects of Dual Citizenship Reform in Migrant Destinations: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Europe 移民目的地双重国籍改革的异质入籍效应:来自欧洲的准实验证据
1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423001193
FLORIS PETERS, MAARTEN VINK
{"title":"Heterogeneous Naturalization Effects of Dual Citizenship Reform in Migrant Destinations: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Europe","authors":"FLORIS PETERS, MAARTEN VINK","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423001193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423001193","url":null,"abstract":"Does dual citizenship acceptance increase immigrants’ propensity to naturalize and, if so, for whom does this matter most? We exploit exogenous variation in citizenship legislation in 200 migrant-origin countries to identify the effect of destination country policy reform. We hypothesize that the value of the origin country citizenship moderates the reform effect. We test our identification strategy in two West European countries with contrasting reforms: a canonical liberal reform in Sweden (2001) and an atypical restrictive reversal in the Netherlands (1997). We apply a staggered difference-in-differences model employing administrative data on complete migrant populations. We find reform effects remarkably similar in effect size and heterogeneity, with liberalizing reform increasing naturalization rates by 6.7 percentage points and restrictive change decreasing rates by 6.4 percentage points. The effect is concentrated among immigrants from EU and highly developed countries. Our quasi-experimental evidence informs naturalization scholarship and public debate on migrant political integration.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"56 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136347886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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