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Bringing in the New Votes: Turnout of Women after Enfranchisement 引入新选票:获得选举权后的妇女投票率
IF 6.8 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423000473
Mona Morgan-Collins
{"title":"Bringing in the New Votes: Turnout of Women after Enfranchisement","authors":"Mona Morgan-Collins","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423000473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423000473","url":null,"abstract":"Under what conditions did newly enfranchised women turn out to vote at levels approaching men? This question is important because if women’s turnout lagged behind men’s, politicians’ incentives to advocate for women’s interests could remain weak even after suffrage. I argue that women’s turnout approached parity with men’s in localities with strong incentives to vote and to mobilize among the general population. This is because women faced barriers to voting and were, therefore, more likely to vote and be mobilized under the most favorable circumstances. I then propose that electoral competition determines the strength of voting and mobilization incentives and, therefore, the gender turnout gap. Using sex-separated turnout data in Norway, I demonstrate that the gap narrows in high-turnout competitive districts in systems with single-member districts and in high-turnout within-district strongholds in proportional systems. I probe generalizability of my findings in New Zealand, Austria, and Sweden.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48431238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Activism versus Criticism? The Case for a Distinctive Role for Social Critics 激进主义与批判？社会评论家发挥独特作用的理由
IF 6.8 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.1017/s000305542300045x
L. Gilson
{"title":"Activism versus Criticism? The Case for a Distinctive Role for Social Critics","authors":"L. Gilson","doi":"10.1017/s000305542300045x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s000305542300045x","url":null,"abstract":"This essay makes a distinction between the roles that activists and social critics can play in democratic societies and defends the separate tasks of a non-activist social critic. Drawing on Ralph Waldo Emerson’s writings, I argue that non-activist social critics are better situated than activists to reach certain audiences, cultivate certain democratic capacities, and preserve their audience’s agency while doing so. In Emerson’s case, his concerns about his activist contemporaries led him to craft new ways of critically engaging his peers. At the same time, as Emerson’s life also illustrates, non-activist critics are limited by their roles and must forgo some of their distinctive advantages in order to do activist work. Clarifying the scope of the social critic’s role in this way helps critics to draw on the benefits of their position and avoid overstepping its constraints, thereby allowing them to more effectively promote political reform.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45157030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identifying the Rich: Registration, Taxation, and Access to the State in Tanzania 识别富人：坦桑尼亚的注册、税务和进入国家的途径
IF 6.8 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423000394
Jeremy Bowles
{"title":"Identifying the Rich: Registration, Taxation, and Access to the State in Tanzania","authors":"Jeremy Bowles","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423000394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423000394","url":null,"abstract":"How do states build their informational capacity? This article argues that distributive politics conditions how the state’s capacity develops. I study civil registration, where citizens comply with the state’s informational demands in exchange for documentary proof of identity, which may simultaneously facilitate access to public resources and exposure to taxation. Though the rich are particularly threatened by taxation, the narrow benefits of registration induce their compliance over that of the poor. I leverage a set of reforms in early postindependence Tanzania which provide quasi-random variation in citizens’ registration status and show that registration promotes access to narrow-based resources, rather than broad-based ones, while increasing tax payment. In turn, citizens’ decisions to comply reflect the economically stratified local incidence of these net benefits. The results suggest how nominally universal state-building schemes can have regressive effects on the state’s coverage.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46475015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The Right to Hunger Strike 绝食的权利
IF 6.8 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423000400
Candice Delmas
{"title":"The Right to Hunger Strike","authors":"Candice Delmas","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423000400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423000400","url":null,"abstract":"Hunger strikes are commonly repressed in prison and seen as disruptive, coercive, and violent. Hunger strikers and their advocates insist that incarcerated persons have a right to hunger strike, which protects them against repression and force-feeding. Physicians and medical ethicists generally ground this right in the right to refuse medical treatment; lawyers and legal scholars derive it from incarcerated persons’ free speech rights. Neither account adequately grounds the right to hunger strike because both misrepresent the hunger strike as noncoercive and nonviolent. I articulate an alternative, dual account of the right to hunger strike. On the remedial argument, the right to hunger strike should be legally protected as a right to petition for redress, in light of incarcerated people’s structural vulnerability to abuse and given inadequate grievance mechanisms. The constructive argument derives the right to hunger strike from the right to resist oppression and stresses the normative permissibility of the use of coercive tactics to defend one’s liberty interests in the face of carceral oppression.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46835713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Misclassification and Bias in Predictions of Individual Ethnicity from Administrative Records 行政记录中个人种族预测的错误分类和偏差
IF 6.8 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423000229
Lisa P. Argyle, Michael J. Barber
{"title":"Misclassification and Bias in Predictions of Individual Ethnicity from Administrative Records","authors":"Lisa P. Argyle, Michael J. Barber","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423000229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423000229","url":null,"abstract":"We show that a common method of predicting individuals’ race in administrative records, Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG), produces misclassification errors that are strongly correlated with demographic and socioeconomic factors. In addition to the high error rates for some racial subgroups, the misclassification rates are correlated with the political and economic characteristics of a voter’s neighborhood. Racial and ethnic minorities who live in wealthy, highly educated, and politically active areas are most likely to be misclassified as white by BISG. Inferences about the relationship between sociodemographic factors and political outcomes, like voting, are likely to be biased in models using BISG to infer race. We develop an improved method in which the BISG estimates are incorporated into a machine learning model that accounts for class imbalance and incorporates individual and neighborhood characteristics. Our model decreases the misclassification rates among non-white individuals, in some cases by as much as 50%.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42007389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A case report of multimodal ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of giant retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma. 多模式超声成像诊断腹膜后巨大神经节瘤的病例报告。
1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-05-10 eCollection Date: 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.73
Li Feng, Yong Wang
{"title":"A case report of multimodal ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of giant retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma.","authors":"Li Feng, Yong Wang","doi":"10.1002/cai2.73","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cai2.73","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma is a rare benign tumor that is challenging in terms of clinical diagnosis. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are usually performed for diagnosis rather than convenient and inexpensive ultrasonography. Here, we present the case of a 21-year-old female patient who was diagnosed by multimodal ultrasound imaging and whose diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy before surgery. We hope that this rare case will help clinicians and radiologists realize the advantages of multimodal ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of retropeitoneal solid tumors, and reduce misdiagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"60 1","pages":"433-437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10686167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78664912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Repression and Dissent in Moments of Uncertainty: Panel Data Evidence from Zimbabwe 不确定时刻的镇压和异议:来自津巴布韦的小组数据证据
IF 6.8 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423000230
A. LeBas, Lauren E. Young
{"title":"Repression and Dissent in Moments of Uncertainty: Panel Data Evidence from Zimbabwe","authors":"A. LeBas, Lauren E. Young","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423000230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423000230","url":null,"abstract":"State repression and protest are common in modern authoritarian and hybrid regimes, yet individual responses to these events are not well understood. This article draws on unique panel data from the months spanning Zimbabwe’s 2018 election, which we view as a moment of uncertainty for most Zimbabwean citizens. Using a difference-in-difference estimator, we estimate change in individual protest intentions following exposure to repression and dissent and we assess three individual-level mechanisms hypothesized to drive responses. We find evidence that exposure to local repression and dissent are mobilizing among opposition supporters and nonpartisans. Analysis of potential mechanisms suggests that the effects of exposure to dissent may be driven by information updating, whereas relational and emotional mechanisms seem to drive backlash against repression, despite increased perceptions of risk. We find no evidence of counter-mobilization by ruling party supporters, and little effect of exposure to contentious events over social media.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45365783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Coordinated Dis-Coordination 协调Dis-Coordination
IF 6.8 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-05-05 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423000291
Mai Hassan
{"title":"Coordinated Dis-Coordination","authors":"Mai Hassan","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423000291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423000291","url":null,"abstract":"Dissidents mobilizing against a repressive regime benefit from using public information for tactical coordination since widespread knowledge about an upcoming event can increase participation. But public calls to protest make dissidents’ anticipated activities legible to the regime, allowing security forces to better stifle mobilization. I examine collective action during Sudan’s 2018–19 uprising and find that mobilization appeared to be publicly coordinated through social movement organizations and internet and communicative technology, consistent with common channels identified by existing literature. Yet embedded field research reveals that some dissidents independently used public calls to secretly organize simultaneous contentious events away from publicized protest sites, perceiving that their deviations would make the regime’s repressive response relatively less efficient than the resulting efficiency losses on the movement’s mobilization. These findings push future work to interrogate more deeply the mechanisms by which dissidents use coordination channels that are also legible to the regime they are mobilizing against.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45799278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
State Terror and Long-Run Development: The Persistence of the Khmer Rouge 国家恐怖与长期发展:红色高棉的持续存在
IF 6.8 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1017/s0003055423000382
Donald Grasse
{"title":"State Terror and Long-Run Development: The Persistence of the Khmer Rouge","authors":"Donald Grasse","doi":"10.1017/s0003055423000382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055423000382","url":null,"abstract":"Does mass repression have a long-term economic legacy, and if so, what explains persistence? I argue repression can undermine development by delimiting human capital. I study the aftermath of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia. The regime implemented a campaign of violence to reorganize society, yet governing elites varied across the communist ideological spectrum. I exploit an arbitrary border that allocated villages to either the loyalist Mok or the relatively moderate Sy in Kampong Speu province. Using a regression discontinuity design, I find villages in the more extremist Southwest zone are poorer today compared with villages in the adjacent West zone, and had lower human capital immediately after the regime. Exposure to more intense repression shapes labor markets and child health, explaining intergenerational persistence. I find no conclusive evidence for other persistence channels. My findings add a novel pathway to the library of mechanisms which explain why historical coercion undermines development.","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41769125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A network-based analysis to assess COVID-19 disruptions in the Bogotá BRT system. 基于网络的分析，评估 COVID-19 在波哥大快速公交系统中的中断情况。
IF 2.6 1区 社会学
American Political Science Review Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-11 DOI: 10.1177/23998083221150646
Juan D Garcia-Arteaga, Laura Lotero
{"title":"A network-based analysis to assess COVID-19 disruptions in the Bogotá BRT system.","authors":"Juan D Garcia-Arteaga, Laura Lotero","doi":"10.1177/23998083221150646","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23998083221150646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global COVID-19 crisis has severely affected mass transit in the cities of the global south. Fear of widespread propagation in public spaces and the dramatic decrease in human mobility due to lockdowns have resulted in a significant reduction of public transport options. We analyze the case of TransMilenio in Bogotá, a massive Bus Rapid Transit system that is the main mode of transport for an urban area of roughly 10 million inhabitants. Concerns over social distancing and new health regulations reduced the number of trips to under 20% of its historical values during extended periods of time during the lockdowns. This has sparked a renewed interest in developing innovative data-driven responses to COVID-19 resulting in large corpora of TransMilenio data being made available to the public. In this paper we use a database updated daily with individual passenger card swipe validation microdata including entry time, entry station, and a hash of the card's ID. The opportunity of having daily detailed minute-to-minute ridership information and the challenge of extracting useful insights from the massive amount of raw data (∼1,000,000 daily records) require the development of tailored data analysis approaches. Our objective is to use the natural representation of urban mobility offered by networks to make pairwise quantitative similarity measurements between daily commuting patterns and then use clustering techniques to reveal behavioral disruptions as well as the most affected geographical areas due to the different pandemic stages. This method proved to be efficient for the analysis of large amount of data and may be used in the future to make temporal analysis of similarly large datasets in urban contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48451,"journal":{"name":"American Political Science Review","volume":"68 1","pages":"983-999"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9841208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78645990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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