Journal of Marriage and Family最新文献

{"title":"Partners Mirror Each Other's Informal Helping Behavior: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study","authors":"Marlou J. M. Ramaekers,&nbsp;Marieke Voorpostel","doi":"10.1111/jomf.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper examines to what extent partners' informal helping behaviors are related and to what extent this partner effect differs by gender. Differences in informal help given to kin and non-kin are explored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although prior research has suggested that partners influence each other's helping behavior, these mostly cross-sectional studies did not account for possible selection effects. The present study takes a longitudinal approach to examine whether the partner's helping behavior changes informal helping over time, thereby diminishing the impact of selection and allowing for a more stringent test of partner influence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using three waves of dyadic data from the Swiss Household Panel (2013, 2016, and 2019) (<i>N</i> = 9666), we employ fixed-effects logistic regression analysis to eliminate between-person differences. To facilitate interpretation of the effects, we estimate average logit elasticities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People have a higher likelihood of providing informal help when their partner engages in informal helping. This relationship did not differ between men and women but was stronger for help to kin than for help to non-kin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings suggest that the relationship between partners' informal helping behavior is not solely due to selection effects but is at least partly the result of partners changing their helping behavior to resemble each other more over time. New questions surface about differences between helping kin and non-kin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"88 3","pages":"848-858"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148098626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compromising Fatherhood: Expansion Versus Constriction in Fathers' Gender Identities and Role Performances","authors":"Casey Scheibling,&nbsp;Jillian Sunderland","doi":"10.1111/jomf.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study examines how fathers perceive and negotiate incongruities between their personal gender identities <i>as men</i> compared to their interpersonal gender role performances <i>as fathers</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fatherhood today is shaped strongly by contradictions around gender expectations. Many fathers feel ambivalent toward traditional masculine norms that undermine their aspirations to be an involved parent. Understanding how fathers grapple with these contradictions can reveal much about the social-psychological processes underlying divisions of labor in different-gender partnerships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our dataset consists of in-depth interviews with 36 Canadian fathers of young children. Guided by Symbolic Interactionist theory, we take a flexible coding approach to identify and analyze paradoxes around gender, work, and family in fathers' narratives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We find that fatherhood is linked simultaneously to <i>identity expansion</i>—by facilitating men to integrate more caring masculinities into their self-concept and <i>role constriction</i>—through pulls into traditionally gendered work–family arrangements. In the face of this expansion and constriction, fathers make distinct <i>identity-behavior compromises</i> to bridge a perceptual divide between their gender identity construction and gender role performances.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We define <i>compromised fatherhood</i> as a social-psychological manifestation of gendered conflicts at the identity-behavior nexus and a discursive frame with which fathers account for these conflicts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"88 3","pages":"685-696"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148097987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sibling Dynamics in Adult Children's Support Across Parental Widowhood Phases in Korea","authors":"Mengni Chen,&nbsp;Dahye Kim","doi":"10.1111/jomf.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines adult children's intergenerational support within families across parental widowhood phases in South Korea.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In aging South Korea, adult children remain the primary source of support for widowed parents amid rising rates of living alone and older adulthood poverty. Yet, little is known about how siblings distribute support across widowhood stages. Viewing parental widowhood as a process involving the dying parent, the widowed parent, and all adult children, this study investigates which child provides what types of support and who tends to withdraw.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (waves 1–9), we analyzed 676 mid- and older-aged parents who became widowed during the survey period and their 2351 adult children. Multilevel regressions examined how changes in intergenerational support were associated with sibling position (gender and birth order) and gender-specific sibship size.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to other siblings, first-born sons showed the largest increase in financial support to widowed parents during early widowhood, whereas first-born daughters were most likely to provide caregiving to the dying parent. However, both forms of support were temporary. Later-born sons showed lower involvement, being less likely to co-reside with widowed parents in early widowhood and least likely to provide caregiving for the dying parent. Additionally, having more brothers was negatively associated with individuals' likelihood of providing caregiving to the dying parent.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings highlight that intergenerational support across widowhood phases is shaped by the interplay of sibling position, sibship size, and timing, extending beyond gendered patterns of support.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"88 3","pages":"791-806"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148076552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental Racial-Ethnic Socialization and Competence in Asian Families","authors":"Frances M. Lobo,&nbsp;Gabriela Livas,&nbsp;Rashmita S. Mistry,&nbsp;Richard M. Lee,&nbsp;Charissa S. L. Cheah,&nbsp;Virginia W. Huynh,&nbsp;J. Abigail Saavedra,&nbsp;Asian American Families Study Collaborative","doi":"10.1111/jomf.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined how Asian parents' racial-ethnic socialization (RES) content with their younger children coalesces with their confidence in providing messages about managing discrimination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing rise in anti-Asian discrimination in the United States prompted Asian parents to talk more about race, ethnicity, and discrimination with their children. Asian parents' discrimination experiences and internalization of the model minority myth may be associated with variation in the content of parents' RES and their confidence in RES with children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study employed a person-centered approach to identify subgroups of Asian parents of children (ages 6–12) based on their RES content and confidence, and how these patterns are associated with parental discrimination experiences and internalization of the model minority myth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Latent profile analyses revealed four profiles: High Confidence, Race Avoidant, and Integrated; High Confidence, Race Hesitant, and Asian-Centric; Low Confidence, Race Hesitant, and Separated; and Low Confidence, Race Avoidant, and Low Engagement. Parents reporting higher discrimination experiences and internalization of the model minority myth were more likely to be in profiles that provide messages raising awareness of anti-Asian discrimination while minimizing race and trying to imbue their child with cultural pride.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The largest profile promoted integration with the mainstream culture and other racial/ethnic groups; despite reporting discrimination experiences and higher confidence, these parents may have avoided discussion of race in an effort to protect their youth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"88 3","pages":"725-742"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148088547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parent–Child Conflict and Prosocial Behavior in Preschoolers: Social Information Processing Perspective","authors":"Zhaoqing Li,&nbsp;Wan Ding,&nbsp;Wenfeng Zheng,&nbsp;Songyue Lin,&nbsp;Ruoxi Wang,&nbsp;Siman Liu","doi":"10.1111/jomf.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined the association between parent–child conflict and preschoolers' prosocial behavior and investigated the mediating role of social information processing (SIP) in this relationship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although research has established a link between parent–child conflict and child prosocial behavior, the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood. SIP, which bridges early relational dynamics with behavioral outcomes, offers a crucial perspective to explain these mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A longitudinal, multi-informant design was utilized, involving 309 Chinese preschoolers (152 boys) and their parents. At baseline (T1), mothers and fathers independently reported parent–child conflict. Five months later (T2), children's prosocial behavior was measured using peer nominations, and their SIP abilities (i.e., encoding, competent response generation/evaluation) were assessed through individual interviews.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mother–child conflict (but not father–child conflict) demonstrated a small yet significant negative association with preschoolers' prosocial behavior. Children's SIP was found to fully mediate the relationship between mother–child conflict and prosocial behavior. Specifically, mother–child conflict was associated with lower prosocial behavior through reduced encoding of social information. Additionally, a sequential mediation pathway indicated that mother–child conflict was linked to lower prosocial behavior via diminished encoding ability, which was in turn associated with a limited capacity to generate competent responses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrates the pivotal role of SIP in mediating the relationship between mother–child conflict and decreased prosocial behavior, offering a nuanced perspective on how early relational dynamics are associated with socio-emotional development. The findings underscore the potential of targeting SIP skills in family-based interventions to enhance prosocial behavior in young children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"88 3","pages":"825-837"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148100040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive Curation: Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) and Lesbian Motherhood-Making","authors":"Xiaomin Cai,&nbsp;Susanne Y. P. Choi","doi":"10.1111/jomf.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper introduces reproductive curation, the deliberate coordination of reproductive arrangements, as a theoretical framework for examining how legal, institutional, and interpersonal factors interact with technology in shaping reproductive decision-making, based on interviews with 32 lesbian mothers and mothers-to-be in China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>China does not recognize equal marriage or parental rights, nor does it provide access to assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) for people seeking to have children outside heterosexual marriage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using grounded theory, the study analyzes how participants made decisions about allocating genetic, gestational, and legal motherhood, choosing between two pathways—ROPA (reception of a partner's oocytes) and non-ROPA—to have children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants articulated four processes of reproductive curation to achieve four goals: (a) To secure child custody through non-ROPA or to bind intimate relationships through ROPA; (b) To optimize intergenerational resource transmission by assigning genetic and/or legal motherhood to a partner better positioned within social hierarchies; (c) To mitigate maternal risks and motherhood penalties by assigning gestation based on workplace family policies and embodied capacities for reproductive labor; and (d) To construct alternative foundations of motherhood legitimacy for non-genetic, non-legal co-mothers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although ARTs enable reflexive reproductive decision-making for people with minoritized sexual orientation globally, their use is shaped by local cultural norms, institutional arrangements, labor market inequalities, and intra-couple and familial negotiations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The framework explains how individuals in different contexts weigh technological options to overcome barriers and align reproductive roles with available resources and familial aspirations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"88 3","pages":"629-642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148085192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single Parenthood and the Poverty Debate: How Pathways and Policies Explain Cross-National Differences","authors":"Roxana-Diana Burciu","doi":"10.1111/jomf.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to reveal the heterogeneity of single parents by focusing on the variation in poverty risks across countries and across pathways into single parenthood. It also adjudicates between two contrasting explanations for cross-national variation in single parent poverty.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Single parenthood's strong association with poverty has long been established in both public discourse and academic research, particularly in the context of the United States. However, the reasons for cross-national differences in single-parent poverty are unclear, with both institutional and individual perspectives offering credible arguments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study uses longitudinal panel data from the Cross-National Equivalent File from five countries (Australia, Switzerland, Germany, the UK, and the US) to address two competing explanations for cross-national differences in single-parent poverty: (1) variation in pathways into single parenthood (never marrying, divorce, widowhood, and separation) and (2) differences in policy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The research reveals substantial disparities in the prevalence of single parenthood across countries and time and exposes large heterogeneity in poverty outcomes by pathway into single parenthood. However, a decomposition analysis shows that policy remains the factor accounting for most of the cross-national differences in poverty among single parents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although pathways into single parenthood matter a lot in predicting poverty within countries, variation in social policy remains the most important factor in explaining cross-national differences in single-parent poverty.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"88 3","pages":"743-759"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.70043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148092604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Job Task Penalty for Motherhood","authors":"Wiebke Schulz,&nbsp;Gundula Zoch","doi":"10.1111/jomf.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines how childbirth affects women's job tasks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Motherhood remains a key source of gendered inequalities in the labor market. Yet little is known about how it reshapes women's work content, even though job tasks are critical for job quality, skill development, and long-term career trajectories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using panel data from the German National Educational Panel Study (2011–2020), we analyze within-person changes in job tasks following childbirth among 1978 women, applying individual fixed-effects models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After childbirth, mothers engage in fewer analytic, complex, and interactive tasks. These reductions are concentrated among those who decrease their working hours, while no differences emerge by occupational mobility or leave duration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings support perspectives emphasizing work–family strain rather than explanations based on occupational mobility or length of leave.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By documenting task-based motherhood penalties, this study highlights a critical yet often overlooked dimension of gendered labor market inequality. The results underscore the need for work–family policies and workplace practices that safeguard not only mothers' labor market participation but also their access to career-enhancing tasks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"88 3","pages":"697-708"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.70046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148062527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unexpected Changes in Rural Families: Fewer Married Parents, Lower Child Poverty","authors":"Matthew M. Brooks,&nbsp;Shelley Clark","doi":"10.1111/jomf.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine whether family change in rural America is widening the rural–urban child poverty gap and increasing inequalities between children raised in married parent families and those raised in other family types.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mounting evidence of falling marriage rates across rural areas has led to concerns that child poverty rates have increased. However, new methods of measuring poverty and recent increases in Child Tax Credits challenge these assumptions about rural child poverty trends and the poverty penalties associated with nonmarital families.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current Population Survey data are used to estimate rural and urban trends in family structures and child poverty, using the Supplemental Poverty Measure, from 2000 to 2023. Logistic regressions test whether the poverty penalties associated with living in four kinds of nonmarital families (cohabiting, formerly married, never married, and kinship care) have changed for rural and urban children over this period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By 2023, significantly more rural (37.9%) than urban (32.5%) children lived in nonmarital families; simultaneously, rural poverty rates declined significantly. Further, although rural children living in nonmarital families faced greater poverty penalties than urban children in 2000–2003, by 2020–2023 these penalties had diminished substantially for both rural and urban children, and the elevated poverty penalties for rural children had disappeared.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite a sizable increase in rural children living with nonmarried parents, rural child poverty rates sharply declined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"88 3","pages":"760-776"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148075405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental Sexual Orientation Socialization for Sexual Minority Youth: An Empirically-Derived Conceptual Model","authors":"Jessica N. Fish,&nbsp;Megan S. Paceley,&nbsp;Pond Ezra,&nbsp;Eric K. Layland,&nbsp;Katherine V. Tomlinson,&nbsp;Mia Smith Bynum","doi":"10.1111/jomf.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jomf.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To identify and conceptualize parent–child interactions about cisgender sexual minority youths' (SMY) minoritized sexual identity, with an explicit focus on parenting communication and behaviors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SMY experience stigma and consequently compromised development and health. Adjacent literature on racial/ethnic minoritized youth demonstrates the protective function of identity-based parenting practices that facilitate adaptive strategies to combat the deleterious effects of stigma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using data from cisgender SMY in the LGBTQ+ Youth in Family Study, we conducted a constructivist grounded theory analysis of 90-min semi-structured interviews with cisgender SMY (<i>n</i> = 18) aged 15–19 and, separately, their cisgender, heterosexual parent(s) (<i>n</i> = 17). During analysis, the coders developed process, dyadic, and coding memos to increase rigor and interpret findings within and across individuals and family systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified seven overarching categories that illuminate parents' processes, interactions, and dynamics with their SMY child: Forecasting LGBTQ+ attitudes pre-disclosure, communicating around sexuality, intervening in sexual identity development, addressing heterosexism, engaging with the LGBTQ+ community, communicating values, and demonstrating personal growth/change. In most categories, parents and youth identified processes that appeared to both support and undermine SMY's positive development, sending a wide range of implicit and explicit messages regarding youths' sexual identity in the context of adolescence and US culture.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We introduce a novel framework for sexual orientation socialization processes between heterosexual, cisgender parents and SMY children to accelerate research and practice innovation for SMY development and health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"88 2","pages":"537-553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}