Journal of Marriage and Family最新文献

{"title":"Minority stress and structural stigma predict well-being in European LGBTQ+ parents","authors":"Magdalena Siegel,&nbsp;David Steyrl,&nbsp;Abbie E. Goldberg,&nbsp;Andrew A. Nicholson,&nbsp;Martina Zemp","doi":"10.1111/jomf.13071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.13071","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study tested whether exposure to minority stress and structural stigma across multiple levels of the family system were associated with two indicators of well-being (life satisfaction, depressive symptoms) in LGBTQ+ parents across 19 European countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Minority stress (i.e., identity-based stress resulting from systemic oppression) and structural stigma (i.e., hostile legal environments, prejudicial social attitudes) are heterogeneous, yet well-documented risk factors of reduced well-being within LGBTQ+ populations. However, a comprehensive assessment stratifying both concepts across multiple levels of the family system (i.e., the individual, couple, and family level) is lacking for LGBTQ+ parents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using data from the EU LGBTI Survey 2019, a sample of 3808 LGBTQ+ parents from 19 European countries was analyzed. Associations between self-reported minority stress indicators, objective structural stigma indicators, sociodemographic predictors, and well-being were tested using non-linear, machine learning-based techniques (gradient boosted decision tree models).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Supporting preregistered hypotheses, exposure to individual-level minority stress and individual- and family-level structural stigma predicted life satisfaction and depressive symptoms. Couple-level minority stress predicted life satisfaction, but not depressive symptoms, and family-level minority stress predicted neither. Trans parents and those facing economic burdens were particularly vulnerable to low well-being.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exposure to minority stress and structural stigma, particularly within highly stigmatizing regions, are risk factors for LGBTQ+ parents' well-being. Future research should examine the role of family-level minority stress using validated measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"87 3","pages":"1009-1037"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.13071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring family boundary ambiguity in cohabiting stepfamilies","authors":"Gabrielle Juteau,&nbsp;Susan L. Brown,&nbsp;Wendy D. Manning,&nbsp;Krista K. Westrick-Payne","doi":"10.1111/jomf.13068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.13068","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study introduces a novel approach to gauging family boundary ambiguity using information obtained from just one household reporter. It also illuminates the strengths and challenges presented by parent pointers in federal surveys.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prominence of boundary ambiguity in cohabiting stepfamilies leads to significant measurement challenges, which take on greater salience as more children experience this family type.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drawing on the 2019–2022 Current Population Survey (CPS), we assessed boundary ambiguity within cohabiting stepfamilies (<i>N</i> = 4133) by examining whether reporting the stepparent as the child's second parent differed by household reporter type: biological parent versus cohabiting partner. Logistic regressions showed the roles of sociodemographic, family, and child correlates of family boundary ambiguity by household reporter type.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Boundary ambiguity in cohabiting stepfamilies was high, with over 80% of reporters not identifying the cohabiting partner as the child's second parent. Parents more often experienced boundary ambiguity (91%) than did partners (68%). Parents with more economic resources than their partners were more likely to experience boundary ambiguity. Joint children were negatively related to boundary ambiguity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study shows most parents and partners in cohabiting stepfamilies do not view the partner as a second parent. It also reveals the ramifications of the CPS parent pointers that restrict respondents to reporting only two “parents,” tacitly reinforcing the two-biological parent norm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"87 3","pages":"1338-1353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.13068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating cultural crossroads: A thematic analysis of individuals' sacrifices in intercultural romantic relationships","authors":"Hanieh Naeimi,&nbsp;Emily A. Impett","doi":"10.1111/jomf.13072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.13072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to explore the unique sacrifices intercultural couples make to reconcile their cultural differences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Partners in intercultural romantic relationships may be challenged to make sacrifices related to their cultural differences, termed <i>cultural sacrifices</i>. These sacrifices can act as catalysts for cultural change in families and society, yet there is a gap in our understanding of the types of cultural sacrifices partners make.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted reflexive thematic analysis on two online samples of individuals in intercultural relationships who wrote about their cultural sacrifices (<i>n</i> = 592). We employed a bottom-up data-driven approach to our analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified 10 themes, including nine distinct themes of cultural sacrifices—cultural practices and norms, food, gender roles, language, parenting, prejudice, religion, relocation and travel, and social orientation—and one theme of not making a cultural sacrifice. Most themes were divided into subthemes to provide more context for individuals' experiences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals in intercultural relationships often reconcile their cultural differences by giving up aspects of their own culture or finding ways to adapt to their partner's culture. This study provides the first descriptive overview of the types of cultural sacrifices partners make in their relationships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings provide a better understanding of intercultural relationships, contribute to a more inclusive study of relationships, and offer valuable considerations for future research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"87 3","pages":"1200-1223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Administrative burdens as a family affair: Navigating racialized safety-net systems post-welfare reform","authors":"Layne Amerikaner,&nbsp;Clayton Buck,&nbsp;Robyn Moore,&nbsp;Jennifer Martinez,&nbsp;Collin Mueller","doi":"10.1111/jomf.13064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.13064","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analyzing ethnographic data collected after welfare reform in the United States, this study explores the family-level consequences of safety-net administrative burdens.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Administrative burdens reproduce racial inequality and have material, psychological, and temporal costs for individuals. Less attention has been paid to how such burdens impose costs not only for the person interfacing with the state but also their families. This study uses an “intersectional family justice” lens to (1) examine the full impact of administrative burdens more broadly, as one component of family burdens and (2) highlight the role of agency in families' heterogeneous, multi-level response strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a team-based, secondary analysis of 35 family profiles from a longitudinal ethnography detailing the perspectives and experiences of low-income Latinx families with children from 1999 to 2002 at the San Antonio, Texas site of <i>Welfare, Children, and Families: A Three-City Study</i>. Through multiple stages of coding, we examined how families experienced and responded to administrative burdens in safety-net systems in the post-welfare reform context.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Families primarily faced two types of barriers when interfacing with safety-net systems (system-level and ideological) and engaged in two types of response strategies (individual-level and network-level). Both barriers and responses had reverberating implications for family well-being and processes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Because safety-net administrative burdens, often rooted in racialized and gendered logics of “deservingness,” can create substantial disruptions for navigating everyday family life, their costs are more fully understood not only as individual-level burdens but as a family affair.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"87 3","pages":"1106-1129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.13064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working from home and bi-directional work–family conflict: Longitudinal evidence from Australian parents","authors":"Inga Laß,&nbsp;Mark Wooden","doi":"10.1111/jomf.13062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.13062","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the effects of working from home (WFH) on both work-to-family conflict (WTFC) and family-to-work conflict (FTWC) among parents, and whether family demands and the COVID-19 pandemic moderate these effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The COVID-19 pandemic saw a marked increase in the incidence of WFH in many countries, which many argue has been beneficial for families. Convincing evidence in support of this hypothesis, however, is scarce.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Panel data from 19 waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey (covering the period 2001 to 2021) are used to estimate fixed effects regression models of both FTWC and WTFC where the explanatory variable of interest is the share of usual weekly work hours worked from home. The sample is restricted to working parents aged between 18 and 64 years (9850 persons; 54,764 observations).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For both genders, the level of WTFC declines with the proportion of time worked from home. By contrast, the association between WFH and FTWC differs between mothers and fathers, with FTWC lower for mothers but higher for fathers (and especially for single fathers and those with young children) when working mostly from home. These associations remained largely unchanged during the pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>WFH is particularly beneficial for mothers' reconciliation of work and family life but has ambivalent effects for fathers. This, in turn, may mean mothers will be more likely than fathers to have preferences for continuing WFH post pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"87 3","pages":"1153-1177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unpacking power dynamics and women's economic empowerment in polygynous households in Burkina Faso","authors":"Sarah Eissler,&nbsp;Jessica Heckert,&nbsp;Abdoulaye Pedehombga,&nbsp;Armande Sanou,&nbsp;Rasmané Ganaba,&nbsp;Aulo Gelli","doi":"10.1111/jomf.13063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.13063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aim to describe power distributions in polygynous households and consider how these matter for the production and allocation of food-generating resources in western Burkina Faso, where there is a high prevalence of polygyny.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent studies on polygyny focus on its likely negative consequences and mechanisms for explaining these outcomes using data from large multitopic surveys. These approaches fail to consider the underlying dynamics in polygynous households.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As part of a 5-year mixed-methods evaluation of a nutrition- and gender-sensitive poultry value chain intervention in western Burkina Faso, we conducted a thematic analysis of 24 gender-disaggregated focus group discussions (265 individuals) and 24 semi-structured interviews in six communities. They focused on gender and power dynamics, food production, and food allocation with a specific focus on polygyny.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Relationships among co-wives are often cooperative, though not necessarily warm, and typically hierarchical. Monogamous and polygynous marriage may support women's empowerment in different domains. Polygynous co-wives may be able to divide care work, but first wives often control how labor is divided. In monogamous marriages, wives often make decisions jointly with their husbands, while in polygynous marriages, most co-wives are left out of decisions. In polygynous households, women are better able to maintain control over their earnings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We discuss these findings in terms of their implications for studying polygynous households in quantitative surveys and in terms of how to better design and target interventions for this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"87 3","pages":"1249-1268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.13063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The gendered economic consequences of forming a single-parent household after separation","authors":"Luisa Fadel,&nbsp;Diederik Boertien,&nbsp;Christine Schnor","doi":"10.1111/jomf.13061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.13061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To document gender differences in income trajectories before and after forming a single-parent household following separation in Belgium between 2005 and 2018.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous research has shown that the economic consequences of partnership dissolution are less severe for fathers than for mothers because of the greater likelihood for women to live with children after separation than men. However, it remains unclear how economic conditions change when men live with children after partnership dissolution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Combining information from the Belgian National Register and the Tax-register over 14 years, we estimate time-distributed fixed effects (TDFE) models on a sample of 47,496 men and 151,389 women to investigate how the transition into a single-parent household after separation impacts equivalized household income, as well as other income measures, from 5 years before to 5 years after the event.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, there is an economic disadvantage related to becoming a single parent co-residing with children after separation for both men and women. Hence, single fathers are at risk of economic vulnerability, but, after transitioning into a single-parent household, men lose less in terms of partner income and are faster to recover in terms of couple and equivalized household income than women do.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Men experience important drops in income after becoming a single parent co-residing with children, but drops in income are greater for women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"87 3","pages":"1060-1083"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aligned, competing, and blurred: Gender and family attitudes in East Asia","authors":"Sang Won Han,&nbsp;Eunsil Oh","doi":"10.1111/jomf.13059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.13059","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explores the complexity of how gender and family attitudes relate to each other in East Asia, paying particular attention to heterogeneity and the impact of cognitive structures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent work on gender and family attitudes across post-industrial societies has shown a rise in the complexity of attitudinal configurations. However, no systematic analysis has been conducted to explore variations in attitudinal configurations and cognitive structures. This study aims to fill this gap.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from the 2012 Gender Module of the International Social Survey Programme were used to conduct a relational class analysis to measure relationships and networks among gender and family attitudes in China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan (<i>N</i> = 8,007).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analysis revealed three cognitive structures: aligned, competing, and blurred. The aligned structure represents a cognitively unified belief system. The competing structure identifies beliefs that are in conflict, with a network of attitudes that is partitioned into family versus work. The last group comprises those who cognitively have blurred boundaries across different domains of gender, work, and family. Notably, competing and blurred cognitive structures are characterized by lower life satisfaction and fertility intentions than those with an aligned structure. Further analysis demonstrated that all three groupings exist in China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan but vary in prevalence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings shed new light on the complex interplay of gender and family attitudes in East Asia and provide valuable insights into the heterogeneous cognitive structures of attitudes and the consequences of holding unstructured and dissonant attitudinal structures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"87 2","pages":"676-700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.13059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmarried Americans vote more Democratic than their married counterparts: The role of race and religiosity in the marital gap (a research brief )","authors":"Karyn Vilbig,&nbsp;Paula England,&nbsp;Michael Hout","doi":"10.1111/jomf.13058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.13058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigate how differences in the characteristics of married and unmarried (never-married and divorced) voters contribute to a marital gap—unmarried voters are more likely to vote for Democratic presidential candidates. We also explore why the marital gap has grown over the past 40 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Research in the 1980s discovered that unmarried Americans are more likely to choose Democratic presidential candidates. We show that these gaps have persisted, and the gap between married and never-married voters has grown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a decomposition of levels examining never-married/married and divorced/married gaps, combining data from the 1985–2022 General Social Surveys. Because the gap between married and never-married voters increased substantially between the 1984 and 2020 elections, we also performed a decomposition of change on the never-married/married gap.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The largest factor contributing to gaps between married and unmarried voters is their different racial compositions. Unmarried voters are disproportionately Black, and Black voters overwhelmingly support Democrats. Among non-Black voters, differences in religiosity contribute to marital gaps because less religious voters are more likely to be unmarried and to vote Democratic. The gap between married and never-married voters has increased since the 1980s in part because never-married voters became more diverse (with a smaller percent White) at a faster rate than married voters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Since the 1980s, gaps by marital status in whether voters choose Democrats have become an enduring feature of American politics. These gaps are influenced by racial and religious differences in who enters into and remains in marriage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"87 3","pages":"1304-1320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.13058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divorce among more and less divorce-prone populations following unilateral divorce laws","authors":"Linus Andersson,&nbsp;Jan Saarela,&nbsp;Caroline Uggla","doi":"10.1111/jomf.13056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.13056","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study analyzes heterogeneity in divorce rates after the 1987 transition from mutual consent to unilateral no-fault divorce in Finland.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Marriage and divorce legislation can impact divorce rates. However, some groups may be more responsive to changes in legal context than others. We propose that unilateral no-fault divorce laws either (a) increase divorce more in more or less divorce-prone groups, or (b) increase divorce equally across these groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We use population-wide individual-level register data from Finland to identify salient social groups with different divorce propensity, including ethno-linguistic and religious affiliations with divergent divorce propensity and couples of different parental status, marriage length, and marital history. We use piecewise constant exponential survival models to estimate the association with divorce proneness before and after the introduction of mutual consent divorce laws.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Divorce rates increase in all studied subgroups by about 60% in the years following unilateral divorce. We found no support for the hypothesis that groups that were either more or less divorce-prone prior to the reform would be particularly responsive to divorce liberalization in the short-to-medium term.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings speak toward a universal rather than heterogeneous effect of divorce law liberalization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48440,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marriage and Family","volume":"87 3","pages":"1038-1059"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.13056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}