Children and Youth Services Review最新文献

{"title":"Understanding young caring in the UK pre- and post-COVID-19: Prevalence, correlates, and insights from three UK longitudinal surveys","authors":"Alejandra Letelier ,&nbsp;Anne McMunn ,&nbsp;Andy McGowan ,&nbsp;Beth Neale ,&nbsp;Rebecca Lacey","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite increasing awareness of young carers in recent years, there remains a significant gap in our understanding of both the prevalence and the characteristics of young carers. Our study aims to address this gap by examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and characteristics of young carers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This research utilised data from three UK longitudinal surveys: the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS), the COVID Social Mobility and Opportunities (COSMO) study, and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). We focused on adolescents aged 16–18, and examined two pre-COVID (UKHLS and MCS) and two post-COVID (UKHLS and COSMO) samples.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of young carers increased from 8.0 % pre-COVID to 9.8–11.9 % since COVID. Young carers were more commonly found in single-parent and socioeconomically disadvantaged households, with a higher prevalence of young carers in homes where parents were out of paid employment or held lower educational qualifications. Young carers were also more likely to reside in deprived areas. Most young carers engaged in low-intensity caring (&lt; 10 h/week), but post-COVID there was an increase in high-intensity caring (10 + hours/week), predominantly assumed by young female carers. The primary recipients of care were parents, followed by grandparents and siblings, with no change in the care recipient type since COVID.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study showed an increase in the prevalence of young carers, particularly those providing high-intensity care, since the onset of the COVID pandemic. Further, young carers were more likely to come from socioeconomically disadvantaged households and areas. Given the potential impacts that young caring can have on young peoples’ lives, it is imperative that support for young carers is increased, particularly for those facing multiple disadvantages. In tandem, services that support adult health and social care need to play a key role in identifying young carers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 108009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining deportation and detention-related separation and youth risk and protective factors and well-being","authors":"Lauren E. McPherson ,&nbsp;Maura Shramko ,&nbsp;Jia-Shyuan K. Su ,&nbsp;Dora Palma ,&nbsp;Maria Veronica Svetaz","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>One in four U.S. Latine children has a parent who is an undocumented immigrant, putting them at risk of parental separation due to deportation. This study examines differences in multiple dimensions of health and well-being among Latine youth who experienced separation from a caregiver due to deportation, separation due to other reasons, and no separation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Our sample included clinic patients 10–24 years of age who were assessed for caregiver separation between April 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019 (n = 194). All patients were administered a modified Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services (GAPS) at intake. For patients who reported any separation, trained coders reviewed charts to document separation due to deportation or other reasons. We conducted logistic regression of separation due to deportation, separation for other reasons, and no separation with predicting GAPS indicators for health and well-being.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 194 patients in our sample, 82 experienced caregiver separation, with 26 of these separated due to deportation. Compared to youth who had not been separated from a caregiver, youth experiencing deportation-related parental separation were 17 times more likely to have thought about running away and four times more likely to have seriously considered suicide. In addition, youth experiencing deportation-related separation were 68% less likely to have at least one person they can trust, 70% less likely to have daily meals with their family, and 70% less likely to have a role model.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Though further research is needed to describe the connection between deportation-related caregiver separation and specific youth outcomes and ways to mitigate negative outcomes, this research stresses the traumatic effect of deportation-related caregiver separation on youth, highlighting the clinical implications of deportation policy in the US.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vocational rehabilitation services and career readiness for individuals with intellectual disability in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Hussain A. Almalky ,&nbsp;Arwa M. Alwadei","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Successful vocational rehabilitation (VR) programs facilitate a smooth transition to work. However, finding and maintaining a job is still a challenge for individuals with disabilities for various reasons, including job readiness. Given that teachers are involved in delivering VR services to adolescents with disabilities, the purpose of this study was to examine teachers’ perspectives on VR services provided to individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) in their educational institutions in Al-Kharj city to prepare them to transition to employment. Teachers’ perspectives on VR programs for students with ID are vital in identifying the current state of the services provided and directing future efforts in the field of secondary transition. A descriptive approach was employed to achieve the study’s purpose, and a survey was designed and used, reaching 89 respondents. The findings revealed that teachers believe that services provided in VR programs prepare individuals with ID to transition to work. The study also showed statistically significant differences between teachers’ responses concerning services provided according to years of experience and institution type. Implications for future research and practices are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 108003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“People talk about FASD diagnosis but barely any young people are asked about it”: Diagnosis perspectives and disability identity in adolescents with FASD","authors":"Miranda Eodanable ,&nbsp;Sinead Rhodes ,&nbsp;Katie Cebula","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Young people with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) are underrepresented in research and in public/professional discourse around the diagnosis and the impact of this disability. This study explores adolescents’ views about their self and disability identity, and knowledge and attitude towards the FASD diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Eight adolescents aged 12–19 years with an FASD diagnosis and in education, participated in this study. Data were collected online using Photovoice methodology and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Adolescents expressed positive views of their FASD diagnosis in terms of its salience for self-understanding. They provided biological and causal explanations of FASD but there were no attributes of blame or shame towards biological parents. Adolescents primarily self-identified with personality traits and interests/hobbies but acknowledged FASD as part of their identity. As the adolescents developed their disability identity, parents and peers played different roles in the provision of information, support, and disclosure of the diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The views expressed by adolescents with FASD about the value and impact of the FASD diagnosis, and the disability identity process, were similar to other groups of young people with different neurodevelopmental and physical conditions. Self-understanding and advocacy relating to diagnosis and disability during adolescence can enhance wellbeing, access to supports and a positive self-identity. Professionals across different services can play a proactive role to develop the positive disability identity of adolescents with FASD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reciprocal relations between perceived attachment to parents and Self-Concept clarity in adolescence","authors":"Jing Wang,&nbsp;Mingjia Liu,&nbsp;Zongkui Zhou,&nbsp;Qingqing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adolescence is a pivotal period for the development of self-concept. Previous research has examined the association between parental attachment and adolescent self-concept clarity (SCC), but little is known about their temporal relationship in various parent–child gender dyads. This study utilized a latent change score model to examine the reciprocal relationships between attachment quality and SCC in 2539 Chinese adolescents (55.10 % girls, <em>M</em>_age = 17.27 years) over two waves. Results indicated that higher SCC predicted subsequent increases in parental attachment quality, and vice versa. Gender-specific analyses revealed that these reciprocal relations were primarily evident in adolescent boys, not girls. Findings underscore the importance of parent and adolescent gender in shaping the reciprocal relations between parental attachment and SCC during adolescence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107986"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children’s experiences of Signs of Safety: A scoping review","authors":"Louise Caffrey ,&nbsp;Eavan Brady ,&nbsp;Orla Keegan ,&nbsp;Siobhán Dunne ,&nbsp;Greg Sheaf ,&nbsp;Stephanie Holt ,&nbsp;Robbie Gilligan","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><div>It is increasingly recognised that children’s perceptions and experiences should be sought and heard in service design and delivery. Signs of Safety (SofS) is a popular framework for child protection social work used in over 200 agencies globally. This scoping review aims to identify and synthesise the existing literature concerning children’s self-reported experiences of SofS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following a five-stage scoping review approach, a search of 26 databases and other electronic sources was undertaken. In addition, 23 SofS experts contributed to a consultation to identify further relevant material. Data synthesis included a structured two-author data extraction process and thematic analysis of qualitative data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the initial 981 sources identified, eight publications from seven studies met the search criteria and were included in the final review. Overall, the review demonstrates a limited evidence base. Studies are across six countries, but our search identified only one large scale study, with other sources comprising six or fewer participants. A key finding across this literature is that children report that SofS tools and processes can provide opportunities to support their participation in the child protection process. However, experiences are not universally positive and are influenced by how tools and processes are used.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While the evidence base is growing, there remains a need for high quality research on children’s self-reported experiences of SofS that includes children from the age of at least six years. The review highlights the importance of ensuring that workers are supported to develop the necessarily skills and experience <em>and</em> have organisational support to use SofS tools and processes effectively when engaging with children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The spillover of violence: The gendered relationship between parental physical violence and peers’ bullying victimization","authors":"Hayun Jang ,&nbsp;Hyewon Son ,&nbsp;S V Subramanian ,&nbsp;Jinho Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Child welfare and protection are of importance in low- and middle-income countries, yet parental physical violence (PPV) towards children is still widespread in Vietnam. Despite existing research on the adverse consequences of PPV, there is a lack of evidence from developing countries, particularly regarding its peer effects. This study investigated the association between class-level exposure to PPV and an individual student’s risk of bullying victimization. Potential gender differences in the association were also examined. This study utilized nationally representative data from the Young Lives: School Survey, Vietnam, 2011–2012 (YLSSV 2011–2012) (<em>N</em> = 2,508). This study leveraged quasi-exogenous variation arising from the random assignment of students to classes by employing school fixed effects models. The results of this study showed a significant positive association between a higher proportion of classmates exposed to PPV and an individual student’s risk of bullying victimization. This association remained significant even after adjusting for individual-level exposure to PPV and a variety of individual- and class-level covariates. Gender-stratified analyses revealed that PPV among male peers (but not female peers) is significantly associated with bullying victimization risk for both boys and girls. The findings of this study highlight that the negative impacts of violent parenting practices extend beyond the directly affected children, influencing their peers as well. This emphasizes the importance of protecting students from physical violence in the home environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107978"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide in the context of (leaving) care: An empirical exploration of suicidal ideation among care-experienced young adults","authors":"Petra Göbbels-Koch","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People who lived in foster or residential care have a higher risk of suicidal ideation and behavior compared to those without care experience. However, most previous research has neglected applying suicide theories to help understand this risk. This paper presents findings from a cross-national study using the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) to explore why care-experienced people, especially those leaving care, are more likely to have suicidal thoughts. The findings show associations between the IPTS factors, perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, and suicidal ideation among care-experienced young adults from England and Germany. This study contributes to helping develop necessary suicide prevention strategies across national care systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 107980"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring parenting behaviors, stress, and closeness among foster parents","authors":"Jenna Asbury,&nbsp;Jacquelyn K. Mallette,&nbsp;Natalia Sira","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This mixed methods study with a triangulation design aimed to explore the impact of parenting styles and those that most make up parenting care among foster parents today. We assessed how foster parents individually view their management of childcare, perceived levels of support, and education opportunities surrounding foster care parenting practices or level of received preparedness. Furthermore, this study offered insight into if parental styles are associated with parental perceived stress level, and foster parent-foster child closeness. Preexisting secondary data from the Fostering Healthy Relationships study was utilized. This study contained national survey data and focus group transcriptions from licensed foster parents, which were collected during 2018–2019. Our current sample included quantitative data from 457 foster parent participants and qualitative data from 12 participants. Overall, the results indicated most parents who responded to the survey revealed having participated in authoritative parenting practices. Those with authoritative and authoritarian parenting practices had more stress, while authoritative reported more closeness with foster children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107974"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural relationship among aggression, depression, smartphone dependency, and cyberbullying perpetration","authors":"Jiyoon Ban ,&nbsp;Donghwa Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to examine the structural relationship between aggression, depression, smartphone dependency, and cyberbullying perpetration in youth and explores gender differences in that relationship. We analyzed the 2nd wave data of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018 for middle school students. Structural equation modeling results showed that smartphone dependency partially mediated the relationship between aggression and cyberbullying perpetration (β = 0.050, p &lt; 0.01). In contrast, smartphone dependency fully mediated the relationship between depression and cyberbullying perpetration (β = 0.029, p &lt; 0.01). Aggression, depression, and smartphone dependency are the main predictors of cyberbullying perpetration. The effects of aggression and depression on cyberbullying perpetration were different through the mediator variable of smartphone dependency. The positive effect of aggression on smartphone dependency was twice greater in girls (Boys, B = 0.222, p &lt; 0.001; Girls, B = 0.497, p &lt; 0.001), and that of depression on smartphone dependency was three times greater in boys (Boys, B = 0.308, p &lt; 0.001; Girls, B = 0.097, p &lt; 0.05). These results were interpreted as reflecting the boys’ emotional suppression. Adolescent boys tend to suppress depression more than to express it according to the process of masculine emotional socialization. Various educational interventions are needed, such as providing cognitive behavioral therapy to convert adolescents’ relational aggression into a sound coping method considering girls’ sensitivity to relationships. Based on the findings, we present field-oriented practical considerations for improving our understanding of cyberbullying and preventing cyberbullying perpetration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}