IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001406

Robrecht P R D van der Wel, Yana Prodanova, Jason Snyder, Timothy N Welsh, Anne Böckler

{"title":"Is emotion perception altered by gaze direction, gender appearance, and gender identity of the perceived face?","authors":"Robrecht P R D van der Wel, Yana Prodanova, Jason Snyder, Timothy N Welsh, Anne Böckler","doi":"10.1037/emo0001406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001406","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present study was to examine how gaze and emotion processing may change due to differences in gender appearance and gender identity of the perceived face. We manipulated gender appearance (male or female), gender identity (cisgender or transgender), gaze direction (direct or averted), and expressed emotions (anger, fear, or neutral) of face models in an emotion rating task. We replicate several previous findings, including a direct gaze advantage, an emotion effect, and an interaction between gaze direction and expressed emotion. In line with previous findings on the influence of facial morphology for face processing, we found that male faces were more quickly and intensely perceived for displays of anger, while female faces were more quickly and intensely perceived for displays of fear. Of key interest, gender identity influenced face perception for different emotion expressions and gaze directions for ratings and reaction times in a variety of ways. For example, transgender male faces were seen as angrier and less fearful than cisgender male faces, while the opposite effect occurred for female faces. These results suggest that face perception is systematically shaped by morphological differences as well as more abstract social constructs related to gender identity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Situation covariation and goal adaptiveness? The promoting effect of cognitive flexibility on emotion regulation in depression. 情境共变与目标适应性？认知灵活性对抑郁症患者情绪调节的促进作用

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001410

Wei Gao, Xinyu Yan, Yongqiang Chen, Jiemin Yang, JiaJin Yuan

{"title":"Situation covariation and goal adaptiveness? The promoting effect of cognitive flexibility on emotion regulation in depression.","authors":"Wei Gao, Xinyu Yan, Yongqiang Chen, Jiemin Yang, JiaJin Yuan","doi":"10.1037/emo0001410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001410","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive inflexibility as a generalized characteristic of depression has been closely implicated in maladaptive coping with changing situations and goals in daily life. The association between cognitive flexibility and depression can be elucidated by situation covariation and goal adaptiveness of emotion regulation flexibility (ERF), which facilitates adaptive responses to changing environments. However, little is known about the contribution of cognitive flexibility to emotion regulation in depression under changing situations and goals. To address this gap, we performed three experiments to assess situation covariation and goal adaptiveness of ERF, and we further examined the contribution of situation covariation and goal adaptiveness to the association between cognitive inflexibility and depression. The results of Experiments 1 (N = 120) and 2 (N = 117) showed a significantly negative correlation between cognitive flexibility and goal adaptiveness (but not situation covariation) of ERF. Further mediation analysis revealed the contribution of goal adaptiveness scores to the relationship between cognitive flexibility and depression. In Experiment 3 (N = 93), we performed a 14-day training of cognitive flexibility and observed that the training increased goal adaptiveness, but not situation covariation, of ERF and reduced symptoms of depression. Furthermore, the improvement of goal adaptiveness scores significantly mediated the effect of cognitive flexibility on depressive remission. In sum, these findings identified a vital involvement of goal adaptiveness of ERF in the effect of cognitive flexibility on depression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individual differences in developmental trajectories of affective attention and relations with competence and social reticence with peers. 情感关注发展轨迹的个体差异以及与同龄人的能力和社交退缩的关系。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001383

Alicia Vallorani, Kelley E Gunther, Lori B Reider, Jessica L Burris, Vanessa LoBue, Kristin A Buss, Koraly Pérez-Edgar

{"title":"Individual differences in developmental trajectories of affective attention and relations with competence and social reticence with peers.","authors":"Alicia Vallorani, Kelley E Gunther, Lori B Reider, Jessica L Burris, Vanessa LoBue, Kristin A Buss, Koraly Pérez-Edgar","doi":"10.1037/emo0001383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001383","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined individual differences in affective attention trajectories in infancy and relations with competence and social reticence at 24 months. Data collection spanned 2017 to 2021. Infants (N = 297, 53% White, 49% reported as assigned male at birth) recruited in South Central and Central Pennsylvania and Northern New Jersey provided eye-tracking data at five assessments. Caregivers self-reported anxiety symptoms, infant temperamental negative affect, and infant competence at the final assessment. A subgroup of infants participated in a peer social dyad at the final assessment. Using group-based trajectory modeling, we found three groups of infants with different affective attention trajectories: affective attention increasers (n = 73), affective attention shifters (n = 156), and affective attention decreasers (n = 50). Affective attention increasers exhibited low intercepts with steep attention increases, particularly to angry facial configurations. Affective attention shifters exhibited middle intercepts with attention decreases to facial configurations but an attention increase to angry facial configurations. Affective attention decreasers exhibited high intercepts with steep attention decreases. Infants in the affective attention increasers group exhibited more competence when accounting for caregiver anxiety symptoms and infant temperamental negative affect. Group membership was not related to social reticence during the peer social dyad. Infants higher in temperamental negative affect exhibited more social reticence, particularly as the social dyad continued. Our results provide evidence for individual differences in developmental trajectories of affective attention and relations with toddler social behavior. Our results are primarily generalizable to rural and urban populations in the Midatlantic United States. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Uncertainty moderates the emotional consequences of reappraisal, social sharing, and rumination in daily life. 不确定性会调节日常生活中重新评价、社交分享和反刍的情绪后果。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001407

Ella K Moeck, Katharine H Greenaway, Valentina Bianchi, James J Gross, Peter Koval, Elise K Kalokerinos

{"title":"Uncertainty moderates the emotional consequences of reappraisal, social sharing, and rumination in daily life.","authors":"Ella K Moeck, Katharine H Greenaway, Valentina Bianchi, James J Gross, Peter Koval, Elise K Kalokerinos","doi":"10.1037/emo0001407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001407","url":null,"abstract":"People must often wait for important but uncertain outcomes, like medical results or job offers. During such uncertain waiting periods, there is uncertainty around an outcome that people have minimal control over. Uncertainty makes these periods emotionally challenging, raising the possibility that emotion regulation strategies may have different effects while people wait for an uncertain outcome versus after they learn that outcome. To test this possibility, we conducted secondary analyses of an experience sampling study following 101 Belgian University students for 9 days as they waited for (uncertain period), and then received (certain period), consequential exam grades. Across 8,275 observations, we tested the effects of six emotion regulation strategies on positive and negative emotions about anticipated, and then actual, grades. Regardless of uncertainty, acceptance was consistently beneficial for short-term emotional well-being, and expressive suppression was consistently detrimental. However, the consequences of rumination, social sharing, and reappraisal differed when the outcome was uncertain versus certain. Rumination was more detrimental to short-term emotional well-being during the uncertain than certain period, while social sharing and reappraisal were detrimental in the uncertain period but beneficial in the certain period. These findings suggest uncertainty moderates the short-term effectiveness of some emotion regulation strategies in an academic context, which may exacerbate the emotional challenges of uncertain waiting periods. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The "memory-experience gap" for affect does not reflect a general memory bias to overestimate past affect. 情感的 "记忆-经验差距 "并不反映高估过去情感的一般记忆偏差。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001404

Farid Anvari, Ella K Moeck, Vithor R Franco, Malte Elson, Iris K Schneider

{"title":"The \"memory-experience gap\" for affect does not reflect a general memory bias to overestimate past affect.","authors":"Farid Anvari, Ella K Moeck, Vithor R Franco, Malte Elson, Iris K Schneider","doi":"10.1037/emo0001404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001404","url":null,"abstract":"Retrospective self-reports are widely used to measure affect and well-being. But researchers have long assumed that people overestimate affective experiences in retrospect and that retrospective self-reports are thus biased. This is because of the memory-experience gap, a phenomenon in which retrospective ratings for a longer timeframe are higher than the average of repeated ratings for shorter timeframes. This discrepancy is the basis of theories about how some people may overestimate their past feelings in general and a bias in retrospective self-reports. Rather than reflecting a memory bias, however, the discrepancy could be due to differences in how people summarize their feelings over different timeframes. To remove this confound, we used an online convenience sample and measured affect over several timeframes for a week (N = 399; collected in 2022), as well as memory for past affect over the same timeframe. Longer timeframes (e.g., 1 week) were rated higher than shorter timeframes (e.g., averaged across each day of that week) for both negative and positive affect, demonstrating the memory-experience gap. But ratings for each day given at the end of the week, from memory, were lower than those given for each day during the week. Ratings based solely on memory were therefore in the opposite direction to the memory-experience gap. This brings into question the assumption made by some researchers that the \"memory-experience gap\" reflects a memory bias in retrospective self-reports. Generalizability to other methodological designs, constructs, and populations requires testing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intertemporal empathy decline: Feeling less distress for future others' suffering. 时际移情能力下降：对未来他人痛苦的痛苦感减少。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001402

Matthew Coleman, David DeSteno

{"title":"Intertemporal empathy decline: Feeling less distress for future others' suffering.","authors":"Matthew Coleman, David DeSteno","doi":"10.1037/emo0001402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001402","url":null,"abstract":"The present actions of individuals and society at large can cause outsized consequences on future generations' quality of life. Moral philosophers have explored how people should value the well-being of future generations. Yet, the question of how people actually feel when considering the plight of others in the future compared to the present remains understudied. In four experiments (N = 4,698), we demonstrate evidence of an intertemporal empathy decline such that people feel less empathy toward another person's suffering in the future compared to the present (Studies 1-4) despite predicting that the same amount of pain would be felt (Studies 1-2). Despite this, imagining another person's suffering in the future leads to placing greater value on future generations' welfare (Study 2). We also show that this intertemporal empathy decline reduces the amount people donate to a future-oriented versus present-oriented charity of the same type (Study 3). Finally, we find that prompting people to more vividly imagine another person's future suffering attenuates the decline in intertemporal empathy (Study 4). Together, this research identifies empathy as a present-biased psychological obstacle impeding future-oriented prosocial behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interpersonal emotion regulation during relationship conflict: Daily and longitudinal associations with couples' sexual well-being. 关系冲突中的人际情绪调节：夫妻性福的日常和纵向关联。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001400

Grace A Wang, Charlene F Belu, David B Allsop, Natalie O Rosen

{"title":"Interpersonal emotion regulation during relationship conflict: Daily and longitudinal associations with couples' sexual well-being.","authors":"Grace A Wang, Charlene F Belu, David B Allsop, Natalie O Rosen","doi":"10.1037/emo0001400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001400","url":null,"abstract":"Relationship conflicts, which are common among committed couples, provoke negative emotions with implications for sexual well-being (i.e., satisfaction, desire, low distress). Couples might manage these emotions through extrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation (IER; attempting to influence the emotions of a romantic partner). In a preregistered dyadic, daily diary, and longitudinal study, we examined how four distinct IER strategies-responsiveness, cognitive support, physical presence, hostility-perceived by a romantic partner during relationship conflict related to both partners' sexual well-being. Over 28 days, community couples (N = 122; recruited between 2022 and 2023) completed brief measures of IER and sexual satisfaction, desire, and distress on days of relationship conflict and full versions of these measures 4 months later. Results may be generalizable to community couples in North America; however, improving the diversity of samples in future research would extend generalizability. Generally, greater perceived responsiveness, cognitive support, and physical presence IER on conflict days were each associated with higher daily sexual satisfaction and desire for couples, while greater perceived hostility was associated with lower daily satisfaction and desire. Greater perceived physical presence averaged across diaries was associated with one's own increased desire 4 months later. Most effects were similar for men and women; however, on days when women perceived greater responsiveness and cognitive support from partners, their partners reported more sexual distress, but there was no association between men's perceived IER and partners' distress. Findings expand models of IER to include sexual well-being and support IER as a target for interventions aimed at promoting sexual well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new hope induction. 新的希望上岗。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001396

Megan E Edwards, Kevin Cook, Laura A King

引用次数: 0

Temporal orientation of positive reappraisal. 积极再评价的时间取向。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001331

Valeriia V Vlasenko, Wesley K Tucker, Christian E Waugh

{"title":"Temporal orientation of positive reappraisal.","authors":"Valeriia V Vlasenko, Wesley K Tucker, Christian E Waugh","doi":"10.1037/emo0001331","DOIUrl":"10.1037/emo0001331","url":null,"abstract":"Although it is well established that positive reappraisal-changing the way one thinks about an emotional event to feel more positive about it-is an effective emotion regulation strategy, researchers have only recently begun to characterize the relative utility and effectiveness of different forms of positive reappraisal. We propose that temporal orientation-thinking about the past versus the future-may be one particularly useful characterization of positive reappraisal. In three studies, participants were instructed to use positive reappraisal to feel better about a stressor and we either measured (Studies 1 and 3) or manipulated (Study 2) the orientation of those reappraisals to the future or to the past. The findings demonstrated that people tended to use reappraisals that were more future oriented than past oriented (Studies 1 and 3). In addition, although both forms of reappraisals were effective at regulating emotion, future-oriented reappraisals were slightly more effective at increasing positive emotion (Study 2) and higher in perceived effectiveness (Study 3). Lastly, people generated reappraisals that were more oriented to the past in response to stressors that were familiar (Studies 1 and 3) and/or chronic (Study 3); however, the future orientation of their reappraisals was insensitive to the characteristics of the stressors. Our results suggest that there is a clear distinction in the utility and effectiveness of past-oriented and future-oriented forms of positive reappraisal, suggesting that this novel characterization of positive reappraisals by their temporal orientation may prove critical for more fully understanding the effectiveness of positive reappraisal for regulating emotion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139736400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proposing a model whereby negative valence bias increases the risk for more severe dysphoric posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptomology. 提出一个模型，根据该模型，负面情绪偏差会增加出现更严重的创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症状的风险。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Emotion Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001335

Claudia Clinchard, Nicholas R Harp, Tierney Lorenz, Maital Neta

{"title":"Proposing a model whereby negative valence bias increases the risk for more severe dysphoric posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptomology.","authors":"Claudia Clinchard, Nicholas R Harp, Tierney Lorenz, Maital Neta","doi":"10.1037/emo0001335","DOIUrl":"10.1037/emo0001335","url":null,"abstract":"Experiencing trauma increases risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, and individuals who experience psychopathology after a traumatic event often experience symptoms from both disorders. Because a tendency to view events in a more negative light and a propensity toward threat appraisals are risk factors for both PTSD and depression, negative valence bias-a tendency to appraise emotional ambiguity as having a more negative (less positive) meaning-may be a transdiagnostic risk factor. In other words, we expect individuals with a negative valence bias experience greater PTSD and depression symptoms. We measured valence bias and self-reported PTSD and depression symptoms in a sample of college students in 2021 (n = 287; 72.5% reported experiencing trauma). Although valence bias was not associated with PTSD symptoms as a whole, we found in our exploratory model that more negative bias was associated with greater dysphoria-related PTSD symptoms and greater depression symptoms (indirect effect p = .03). Thus, we propose a model whereby a more negative valence bias contributes to increased susceptibility for maladaptive stress responses, which may be associated with greater likelihood of symptoms of dysphoria-related PTSD and depression. These findings suggest that valence bias represents a transdiagnostic affective risk factor, warranting future research examining the impacts of bias-altering interventions (e.g., mindfulness-based treatments) as a means for managing symptoms in individuals with heightened dysphoria-related PTSD and/or depression symptoms. Additionally, in post hoc analyses it emerged that Latinx participants displayed a more negative valence bias, indicating the need for more research in diverse samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48417,"journal":{"name":"Emotion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11257822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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