Journal of Transport Geography最新文献

Unlocking the nonlinear TOD-metro ridership relationship: A novel machine learning approach embedding spatiotemporal heterogeneity

IF 5.7 2区工程技术

Journal of Transport Geography Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104222

Yun Luo , Bozhao Li , Hui Zhang , Mengjun Kang , Shiliang Su

{"title":"Unlocking the nonlinear TOD-metro ridership relationship: A novel machine learning approach embedding spatiotemporal heterogeneity","authors":"Yun Luo , Bozhao Li , Hui Zhang , Mengjun Kang , Shiliang Su","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Machine learning approaches to unlocking the TOD-metro ridership relationship have attracted great attention due to the strong capability of such approaches to handle the underlying nonlinearity and complexity in this relationship. Considering the peculiarities of spatiotemporal heterogeneity in metro ridership, however, one prominent challenge remains unsettled, namely, the issue that traditional machine learning algorithms are designed to be ‘aspatial’ and thus only produce global estimations. In this paper, a geographical and temporal random forest regression algorithm (GTRFR) is developed, which extends the traditional random forest (RF) as a disaggregation of a number of local submodels and computes an individual random forest regression for each location i at time j using neighboring observations across time and space. It further employs this algorithm to unlock the nonlinear TOD-metro ridership relationship in the case of the Hangzhou metropolitan area. The results show that the GTRFR outperforms the traditional RF in explaining the TOD-metro ridership relationship. Particularly, the nonlinear TOD-metro ridership relationship is unlocked from two major aspects: (1) the relative importance of TOD structural factors across time and space and (2) spatially and temporally varying threshold effects in the effects of the TOD structural factors. The findings portray a much broader picture of the mechanisms underlying the TOD-metro ridership relationship. This paper contributes to the argument that accounting for spatiotemporal heterogeneity should be beneficial to applying machine learning algorithms to transport geography.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 104222"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patterns of temporal and spatial variability of parking in a large City in the context of road network configuration – The case of Łódź, Poland

IF 5.7 2区工程技术

Journal of Transport Geography Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104236

Marta Borowska-Stefańska , Mariusz Lamprecht , Filip Turoboś , Szymon Wiśniewski

{"title":"Patterns of temporal and spatial variability of parking in a large City in the context of road network configuration – The case of Łódź, Poland","authors":"Marta Borowska-Stefańska , Mariusz Lamprecht , Filip Turoboś , Szymon Wiśniewski","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article addresses the issue of spatiotemporal patterns of parking in the centre of Łódź. The discussion focuses on the interrelationships between the configuration of the road network and the distribution and utilization of parking spaces. The study employs the Space Syntax methodology and the DBSCAN clustering algorithm, with an additional analysis of the spatial distribution and intensity of parking in the context of the area's development. The objective of this research is to ascertain the impact of the configurational characteristics of urban space on parking behaviors in paid parking zones (PPZ). The study considers a number of variables, including vehicle accumulation, parking duration, the maximum occupancy of parking spaces during peak hours, and vehicle turnover. The findings indicate that, although configurational measures of the road network, such as integration and choice, are capable of identifying pivotal urban spaces, there is no evident correlation between these measures and the observed patterns of parking usage. It seems reasonable to posit that parking behaviors are more dependent on specific local features, such as proximity to important points of interest (POIs) or the availability of public transport. The DBSCAN method was demonstrated to be an effective means of identifying parking clusters exhibiting varying usage intensities. The findings indicate that the implementation of analytical techniques that integrate diverse methodologies can facilitate the formulation of adaptable strategies for the administration of public and parking spaces, thereby promoting sustainable mobility and enhancing the quality of life for residents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 104236"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond infrastructure: Unpacking the complexity of exclusion and implications for just mobility transitions

IF 5.7 2区工程技术

Journal of Transport Geography Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104202

Bárbara Oliveira Soares , Meredith Glaser

{"title":"Beyond infrastructure: Unpacking the complexity of exclusion and implications for just mobility transitions","authors":"Bárbara Oliveira Soares , Meredith Glaser","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is an emerging awareness that the transition towards sustainable transportation systems may contribute to widening social disparities, especially related to access to opportunities and services among marginalised communities manifested as transport exclusion. However, mechanisms that lead to or compound transport exclusion are less understood and empirics uncovering how marginalised communities experience exclusion are limited. This study uses a qualitative approach to explore the experiences of exclusion in mobility among ‘community leaders’ representing marginalised populations, including children, elderly, low-income individuals, disabled people, LGBTQ+, and communities of colour. We use the case of cycling to provide a lens into such transitions, as cycling is often referenced as a mode with sustainable and inclusive benefits. The study is based in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, which offers a unique context to situate mobility justice dilemmas due its matured cycling environment and policies. Findings highlight the complexity of exclusion and the need for a holistic, comprehensive approach to transportation planning to ensure a just mobility transition. The study calls for a transformation towards epistemic and procedural justice where knowledge, skills, and representation at all municipal levels become more inclusive of diverse perspectives in planning practices and decision-making processes, requiring a combination of top-down and bottom-up strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 104202"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Trans-Caspian Corridor – Geopolitical implications and transport opportunities

IF 5.7 2区工程技术

Journal of Transport Geography Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104211

J. Rentschler, A. Reinhardt, R. Elbert, D. Hummel

{"title":"The Trans-Caspian Corridor – Geopolitical implications and transport opportunities","authors":"J. Rentschler, A. Reinhardt, R. Elbert, D. Hummel","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent geopolitical developments, including the Russia-Ukraine war, the US-China trade war, and China's Belt and Road Initiative, have significantly altered the transportation landscape of Central Asia. Traditional corridors like the Trans-Siberian Corridor through Russia have become less viable, accelerating the rise of new alternatives, such as the Trans-Caspian Corridor (TCC). This corridor, connecting Asia and Europe via Kazakhstan and the Caspian Sea, has emerged as a geopolitical tool for nations seeking to diversify trade routes and reduce dependency on the traditional maritime trade route and Russian influence.</div><div>This study investigates the TCC, which remains largely underexplored in academic research. Employing an inductive qualitative research approach, we conducted 14 in-depth interviews with logistics companies and political authorities from Central Asia and Europe. Our analysis identified five key stakeholder groups and their geopolitical codes in shaping the TCC amid a shifting geopolitical context. We also examined five areas of strategic interest that drive the corridor's development: current and lasting interest, infrastructure and equipment, standardization and digitization, cooperation and coordination, and spillover effects.</div><div>The findings offer valuable real-world insights into the geopolitical significance of the TCC, contributing to the scarce body of research on the corridor. The study highlights how the TCC not only serves as a transport route but also as a strategic instrument for geopolitical influence. Based on this analysis, we propose research propositions and areas for further investigation, laying the groundwork for future analysis of the TCC's role in Eurasian geopolitics and connectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 104211"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding rail users' mode choice behavior for first and last mile travel

IF 5.7 2区工程技术

Journal of Transport Geography Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104214

Seung Jae Lieu, Gulsah Akar

{"title":"Understanding rail users' mode choice behavior for first and last mile travel","authors":"Seung Jae Lieu, Gulsah Akar","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The first and last mile (FLM) travel is a challenge that affects urban rail usage and in some cases increases dependence on personal vehicles for accessing transit nodes. While previous studies have explored FLM travel, there is limited research that thoroughly examines the influence of street-level built environment factors on mode choice behavior and how these factors affect groups based on car dependency. This study analyzes rail users' mode choice behavior in Atlanta, focusing on socio-demographic traits, built environment, and trip characteristics. The study explores the varying impacts of these factors on two distinct groups: those with and without access to private cars by conducting segmented models. This nuanced approach helps explain why one may opt for walking or taking transit, even though they may have access to a car. Pooled model analyses confirm the significance of these factors in determining mode choice, with parking availability surprisingly not influencing car use. Segmented model results reveal that bus-specific factors, such as service frequency, number of transfers, fare discounts, and bus stop accessibility, significantly influence bus usage for both FLM travel, notably even among individuals with access to cars. Additionally, the greenery and building-to-street ratio along streets enhance walking appeal. By improving these aspects, urban planners and policymakers can effectively encourage the use of sustainable FLM travel options, thereby enhancing urban mobility and reducing the reliance on private vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 104214"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating dual-directional collective human mobility patterns of place-level incoming and outgoing travel behaviors using big data

IF 5.7 2区工程技术

Journal of Transport Geography Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104215

Long Chen , Yi Lu

{"title":"Investigating dual-directional collective human mobility patterns of place-level incoming and outgoing travel behaviors using big data","authors":"Long Chen , Yi Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Collective human mobility is an important phenomenon within defined geographic areas for specific mobility patterns. Studies have been conducted to understand human mobility patterns and the determinants, including the built environment, and socioeconomic factors. However, there is a dearth of systematic investigation focusing on the dual-directional nature of collective human mobility in places, referring to both incoming and outgoing mobility behaviors. This study addresses this gap by analyzing mobility density, dwell time, and trip distance of both incoming and outgoing travel behaviors using mobile phone big data in 165,181 census block groups in U.S. cities in 2019. As the results show, built environment features usually demonstrate greater explanatory power than socioeconomic variables, highlighting their vital roles in shaping human mobility. Specifically, built environment characteristics, including developed open space, population density, employment diversity, street intersections, walkability, transit service, and destination accessibility, are noticeably associated with collective mobility patterns in terms of incoming and outgoing density, dwell time, and distance. Socioeconomic variables, such as the proportion of older adults, Black individuals, household income, commuting mode choices are also significantly linked to specific mobility patterns. We also suggest policy implications for built environment interventions to support sustainable place-level human mobility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 104215"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial-temporal insights into gender gaps in East Asian ride-hailing: Workload, efficiency, nighttime safety, and operational patterns

IF 5.7 2区工程技术

Journal of Transport Geography Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104213

Chutian Zhuang , Tianqi Gu , Hyungchul Chung , Muyi Zhu , Daniel Yonto

{"title":"Spatial-temporal insights into gender gaps in East Asian ride-hailing: Workload, efficiency, nighttime safety, and operational patterns","authors":"Chutian Zhuang , Tianqi Gu , Hyungchul Chung , Muyi Zhu , Daniel Yonto","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates gender differences in the operational strategies of ride-hailing drivers in Suzhou, China, using identity-confirmed trip data from October 2023. Four novel operational metrics (workload, earning capacity, operational efficiency, and willingness to work far from home) were developed to quantify gender-based operational preferences between male drivers and female drivers, who were further divided into age groups. The Geographically Weighted Random Forest (GWRF) model was applied to examine spatial correlations with socioeconomic and built environment factors in order to understand the spatial and temporal preferences of the drivers. Statistics reveal only 5 % of the drivers are female and within that fewer (5 %) are young female drivers. Spatial-temporal analysis indicated that female drivers generally work shorter distances, earn less, and prioritize trips closer to home, which may be influenced by family caregiving responsibilities, but exhibit similar operational efficiency (indicated by revenue per hour) as male drivers under comparable demand conditions. Age gaps are further observed among female drivers: senior female drivers worked significantly longer during holidays but avoided nighttime operations similarly to younger females, reflecting the former group's heavier financial burdens related to family responsibilities and shared safety concerns with the latter. The results of GWRF show little impact of street safety on daytime pick-up locations across genders which is different than Western contexts. However, nighttime spatial preferences significantly differ among younger female drivers compared to older and male drivers, reflecting higher safety concerns. These insights inform platform operators to prioritize order allocation near female drivers' residences and improve safety measures, thereby supporting gender equity and inclusivity at a government level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 104213"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Port power 02: Chinese geoeconomic hopes and American geopolitical fears 港口力量 02：中国地缘经济的希望与美国地缘政治的担忧

IF 5.7 2区工程技术

Journal of Transport Geography Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104207

Hassan Noorali , Virginie Mamadouh

{"title":"Port power 02: Chinese geoeconomic hopes and American geopolitical fears","authors":"Hassan Noorali , Virginie Mamadouh","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The port power concept analyzes achieving a hegemonic position over ports as a sign of geopolitical transition towards a new order. It has focused on the material structures of power transfer through the construction, development, hegemony, and ownership of ports, and the discursive analysis is limited to examining port-based geopolitical codes. Here, we develop the idea of port power by adding a discursive layer of the emotional and narrative spaces that govern ports through an empirical study of the “framing of China's hopes” to become a hegemon with peaceful images, contrasting with “US fears” in producing images of threat from China's malign rise. In the geopolitical analysis of the spatial relations of political and economic power, we examine the interaction of simultaneous material and discursive processes in the construction of ports and connections. This approach can provide a geopolitical understanding of geographical imagination and mental mappings in producing real and imaginary spaces. This article examines China's presence in global shipping geographies from three perspectives. First, it analyzes the production of China's geopolitical and geoeconomic imaginations of ports to generate a sense of hope from investment projects to attract more foreign port states. Then it examines the spatial arrangement of China's port discourse for material articulation in maritime shipping geographies and global strategic nodes. Finally, it analyzes the US and others' geopolitical fears of China's port power.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 104207"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unraveling the network effects in station ridership growth patterns under metro network expansion

IF 5.7 2区工程技术

Journal of Transport Geography Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104205

Fangyi Ding , Yan Tang , Yamin Wang , Zhan Zhao

{"title":"Unraveling the network effects in station ridership growth patterns under metro network expansion","authors":"Fangyi Ding , Yan Tang , Yamin Wang , Zhan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the mobility challenges associated with rapid urbanization, many cities have expanded their metro networks. This requires massive investment, but it does not uniformly translate to ridership growth across stations. The factors influencing station-level ridership dynamics and the underlying network effects are complex and poorly understood. This study thoroughly investigates the station-level ridership growth dynamics under network expansion, utilizing spatiotemporal lag fixed effects models to capture both the supply-side and demand-side network effects as well as temporal dynamics. Utilizing the evolution of Shanghai Metro from 2014 to 2019, we demonstrate that the network effects has a significant and intricate influence on station ridership and its relative growth patterns. On the supply side, neighboring stations show competitive relationships leading to reduced ridership growth, while stations on the same metro line can complement each other. For the whole network, the station betweenness and closeness centralities exhibit divergent impacts on ridership growth rate. On the demand side, we confirm the existence of spatial spillover effects of station ridership, especially at the line level. Additionally, the time-lagged and heterogeneous effects of network expansion are revealed. Our findings provide valuable insights for informed and targeted decisions regarding metro network planning and infrastructure investment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 104205"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimizing maternal health facility locations in Ethiopia: A geospatial approach for upgrading to emergency obstetric and newborn care

IF 5.7 2区工程技术

Journal of Transport Geography Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104208

Sisay Mulugeta Alemu , Gerd Weitkamp , Abera Kenay Tura , Jelle Stekelenburg , Regien Biesma

{"title":"Optimizing maternal health facility locations in Ethiopia: A geospatial approach for upgrading to emergency obstetric and newborn care","authors":"Sisay Mulugeta Alemu , Gerd Weitkamp , Abera Kenay Tura , Jelle Stekelenburg , Regien Biesma","doi":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (EmONC) facilities are scarce in Ethiopia and concentrated in bigger cities. Using geospatial analysis, this study modeled the optimal locations for new EmONC facilities such that a maximum number of women could access them.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data from the 2016 EmONC Assessment encompassing 3804 health facilities (including 370 EmONC facilities). Using OpenStreetMap data, we created a road network with different speed assumptions for different road types. We assumed women would walk to the nearest available road and use public transport afterward. We modeled the upgrade of health facilities using a location-allocation analysis based on the existing distribution of facilities and population and road conditions. Three scenarios—conservative (25 % gap closure), moderate (50 % gap closure), and ideal (100 % gap closure)—were modeled to enhance EmONC facility numbers to recommended levels.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The majority of Ethiopian women live over two hours, the maximum suggested travel time, away from EmONC facilities, with significant regional variations. In all three scenarios, upgrades mostly targeted facilities in Oromia, Amhara, and Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples regions, with minimal facilities selected in Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, and Harari.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Optimizing the location of new facilities using geospatial analysis has shown considerable potential in enhancing geographic accessibility and reducing regional disparities. Nonetheless, even under the most favorable scenario, a substantial portion of the country still lacks geographic access to EmONC facilities. Therefore, strategic health facility upgrades should be complemented by expanding or enhancing road infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48413,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport Geography","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 104208"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0