Social Forces最新文献_第2页

The wealth returns to a unionized career 财富又回到了加入工会的事业中

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaf129

Alec P Rhodes

引用次数: 0

Heterogeneous and racialized impacts of state incarceration policies on birth outcomes in the United States 美国州监禁政策对出生结果的异质和种族化影响

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaf127

Courtney E Boen, Elizabeth F Bair, Hedwig Lee, Atheendar S Venkataramani

{"title":"Heterogeneous and racialized impacts of state incarceration policies on birth outcomes in the United States","authors":"Courtney E Boen, Elizabeth F Bair, Hedwig Lee, Atheendar S Venkataramani","doi":"10.1093/sf/soaf127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf127","url":null,"abstract":"While state incarceration policies have received much attention in research on the causes of mass incarceration in the United States, their roles in shaping population health and health disparities remain largely unknown. Merging data on state incarceration policies to vital statistics birth records from 1984 to 2004, we examine the impacts of two signature state incarceration policies adopted during the “tough on crime” era of the 1990s—three strikes and truth-in-sentencing—on Black and White birth outcomes. Using a difference-in-differences event study research design that models the dynamic impacts of these policies over time, we find that these policies had opposing effects on birth outcomes. Birth weight outcomes—including mean birth weight and low birth weight—for Black infants worsened markedly in the year three strikes policies were adopted. By contrast, birth outcomes for Black and White infants gradually improved after truth-in-sentencing policies were adopted. The discordant findings point to distinct, countervailing mechanisms by which sentencing policies can affect population health. We provide suggestive evidence that three strikes policies adversely impacted Black birth outcomes through affective mechanisms, by inducing highly racialized, stigmatizing, and criminalizing public discourse around the time of policy adoption. Our results indicate that truth-in-sentencing likely impacted birth outcomes via material mechanisms, by gradually reducing community incarceration and crime rates. Altogether, these findings point to the need to further interrogate state criminal legal system policies for their impacts on population health, considering whether, how, and for whom these policies result in health impacts.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144899017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding the “package deal”: disentangling parents’ intertwined preferences for schools and neighborhoods 理解“一揽子交易”：解开家长对学校和社区的错综复杂的偏好

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaf104

Elly Field

{"title":"Understanding the “package deal”: disentangling parents’ intertwined preferences for schools and neighborhoods","authors":"Elly Field","doi":"10.1093/sf/soaf104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf104","url":null,"abstract":"The racial segregation of schools and neighborhoods are mutually reinforcing because school districts assign students to schools based on residential address and parents account for this link when deciding where to live. Parents cite a desire for the “package deal” of a good neighborhood with a good local school. Yet, in studying how race shapes parents’ preferences, scholars typically examine these contexts in isolation. Using an original stated choice experiment, I propose and test two theoretical frameworks for how the package deal influences parents’ joint preferences for schools and neighborhoods. I find that school and neighborhood preferences are interactive, meaning that neighborhood characteristics shape the effects of school characteristics on parents’ decisions and school characteristics shape the effects of neighborhood characteristics, and the nature of this interaction varies by parent race. I find that White parents’ preferences for Whiter schools and neighborhoods are magnified across contexts, such that White parents prefer racial isolation in both their schools and neighborhoods. Latino parents also prefer greater Latino representation in both neighborhoods and schools, but these preferences are only activated in majority Latino contexts. In contrast, Black parents prefer to avoid being a racial minority in both schools and neighborhoods but are satisfied when just one context is majority Black. These intertwined, interactive preferences mean that our understanding of how parents decide where to live and where to send their children to school must account for the relationship between these contexts.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Legislative processes, nonstate actors, and political repression: the case of human rights NGOs in Israel 立法程序、非国家行为体和政治镇压：以以色列人权非政府组织为例

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaf111

Ina Filkobski, Eran Shor

引用次数: 0

Limits to helping in a helping profession: the social context of psychiatrist opt-out from public insurance 在帮助职业中提供帮助的限制：精神科医生选择退出公共保险的社会背景

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2025-07-27 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaf107

Daniel Tadmon

{"title":"Limits to helping in a helping profession: the social context of psychiatrist opt-out from public insurance","authors":"Daniel Tadmon","doi":"10.1093/sf/soaf107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf107","url":null,"abstract":"In the United States, most mental health services are provided by independent helping professionals, individually deciding where to operate, whom to treat, and in which insurance networks to participate. In making such decisions, these market actors often navigate conflicts between financial, professional, and prosocial considerations. This article investigates the phenomenon of psychiatrist opt-out from Medicaid and Medicare, aiming to elucidate how social contexts influence such decisions. Assembling a census of all licensed Georgia psychiatrists and, assisted by a telephone audit, leveraging granular data about the environments in which clinicians operate, findings show that limits to helping in the form of opt-out from public insurance systematically correspond to the social ecologies in which psychiatrists are embedded—with their prospective clientele and local peers. Evidence of alignment between insurance participation and population needs, when financially justified, and of spatially dependent monopolistic and competition-curbing behavior point at the power of these ecologies in shaping the balance actors negotiate between local economic and normative pressures. Theoretically, findings support the argument that meso-level conditions mediate countervailing social forces and their translation to action—here, spatially configuring how markets and morals interact. In the context of the mental health crisis, where demand for care far exceeds supply, understanding how spatial conditions ultimately shape the pressures that helping professionals face and their opt-out decisions is crucial. In aggregate, these individually decided yet ecologically conditioned limits to helping impact the availability of mental health services to some of society’s most disadvantaged populations, thus shaping the contours of the crisis.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Offering safe passage: grading systems and gendered enrollment patterns in undergraduate mathematics 提供安全通道：本科数学的评分制度和性别招生模式

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2025-07-20 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaf103

Monique H Harrison

引用次数: 0

Internal displacement and post-conflict gender attitudes: evidence from northwestern Pakistan 国内流离失所和冲突后的性别态度：来自巴基斯坦西北部的证据

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaf105

Yuichi Kubota

{"title":"Internal displacement and post-conflict gender attitudes: evidence from northwestern Pakistan","authors":"Yuichi Kubota","doi":"10.1093/sf/soaf105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf105","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the common understanding that armed civil conflict increases women’s vulnerability, scholarly debate suggests that women’s status in society improves after violence ends. This study sheds light on post-conflict institutional transformation using popular attitudes toward gender roles and relations. By focusing on the significantly overlooked displacement of nearly 5 million civilians in the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan, this study presents powerful new survey data painstakingly gathered to assess the effects of this social upheaval on people’s attitudes regarding gender equality. The results suggest that individuals who experience displacement express greater support for gender equality in the conflict’s aftermath than if they do not experience it. Wartime displacement not only disrupts civilian activity but also exposes people to an external society. By interacting with out-groups, the displaced learn and benefit from ideas about gender roles and relations that contrast with long-standing patriarchal norms. Although gender norms are often persistent in a cultural setting, the empirical evidence suggests that being an internally displaced person is an acute event for civilians to amend their prior views on gender roles and relations.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"679 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144639669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Justification of violence, ideological preferences, and exposure to protests: causal evidence from the 2019 Chilean social unrest 暴力正当化、意识形态偏好和暴露于抗议：来自2019年智利社会动荡的因果证据

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaf102

Rodolfo Disi Pavlic, Rodrigo M Medel, Matías Bargsted, Nicolás M Somma

{"title":"Justification of violence, ideological preferences, and exposure to protests: causal evidence from the 2019 Chilean social unrest","authors":"Rodolfo Disi Pavlic, Rodrigo M Medel, Matías Bargsted, Nicolás M Somma","doi":"10.1093/sf/soaf102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf102","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the relationship between proximity to actively policed protest events and people’s willingness to justify violence against police forces. Focusing on the Chilean social uprising, a series of massive protests between 2019 and 2020, this study highlights the significant implications of law enforcement issues on government legitimacy and the potential for protest policing to escalate violence. To conduct our research, we use a difference-in-differences design that combines survey data with georeferenced data on protests that experienced active policing near survey respondents. Our results show that spatial and temporal proximity to such protests significantly increases people’s willingness to justify violence. Additionally, this effect is not uniform across all ideological groups. Exposure to protests with active policing strongly affects centrists, whereas it is negligible for leftists, rightists, and independents. Different robustness checks largely support a causal link between proximity to actively policed protests and justification of violence against the police. These insights contribute to our understanding of how mass mobilizations and state responses influence public attitudes, emphasizing the nuanced impact of protest policing on different ideological segments of society.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Educational expansion reforms and intergenerational educational mobility in Norway 挪威教育扩张改革与代际教育流动

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaf101

Adrian Farner Rogne, Siri Frisli

{"title":"Educational expansion reforms and intergenerational educational mobility in Norway","authors":"Adrian Farner Rogne, Siri Frisli","doi":"10.1093/sf/soaf101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf101","url":null,"abstract":"The latter half of the 20th century was marked by a massive expansion of higher educational systems in many Western countries. This development provided greater educational opportunities, resulted in a marked increase in educational attainment, and has been attributed as an important factor behind increased intergenerational educational mobility. Most previous studies of these developments are based on analyses of aggregate trends in educational attainment and mobility and overlook the geographical dimension of educational expansions. The geographic location of colleges and the local availability of higher educational institutions may have had important impacts on local patterns of intergenerational educational mobility. We study the impacts of major educational expansion reforms that took place between 1969 and 1993 in Norway and resulted in a massive decentralization of higher educational opportunities. Combining recent developments in differences-in-differences methodology, detailed data on the establishment and upgrading of such institutions, and population-wide register data on social origins and educational attainment, we study the effects of the establishment and upgrading of local colleges on educational mobility. Results suggest that these improvements in local educational opportunities had little to no impact on intergenerational educational mobility locally. We discuss our findings in light of the Norwegian welfare state context.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"266 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144594477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shifting partnership ideals with online technologies among unmarried women in India 印度未婚女性用网络技术改变伴侣理想

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2025-07-06 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaf100

Luca Maria Pesando, Koyel Sarkar, Sabino Kornrich

{"title":"Shifting partnership ideals with online technologies among unmarried women in India","authors":"Luca Maria Pesando, Koyel Sarkar, Sabino Kornrich","doi":"10.1093/sf/soaf100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf100","url":null,"abstract":"This study complements existing scholarship in family sociology and digital demography by investigating the role of digital technologies in shaping partnership ideals among unmarried women in India. We build on the premise that, by means of faster communication, effective information dissemination, and reciprocal exchange of norms and ideals, recurrent exposure to globalized cultural scripts through the Internet may shape family-related outcomes such as views and opinions regarding different aspects of family life. Leveraging new data from a primary survey of unmarried, partnered women living in cities across twenty states, we find that daily Internet use is positively and significantly associated with modern partnership ideals, measured as secularized views on the choice of a partner, the importance of marriage, partner preferences, and views about love marriage. Moreover, we show that accessing the Internet independently—vis-à-vis through a shared device—is what matters the most, and that results are stronger among high-educated individuals. We assess the selectivity of the sample by conducting subgroup analyses and replicating our findings on the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2019–2021. Lastly, we offer evidence that these findings can be deemed causal, complementing our results with an instrumental-variable approach leveraging digital geographical information. Our findings reveal that digital technologies may be gradually contributing to shifting views about marriage and family formation, even in a context such as India, which has traditionally exhibited strong resistance to modernization forces, at least in the realm of the family.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0