Social Forces最新文献_第10页

Fear of a Black Neighborhood: Anti-Black Racism and the Health of White Americans 对黑人邻居的恐惧:反黑人种族主义与美国白人的健康

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad112

Patricia Louie, Reed T DeAngelis

引用次数: 0

Examining the Black Gender Gap in Educational Attainment: The Role of Exclusionary School Discipline & Criminal Justice Contact 黑人受教育程度的性别差异研究:排他性学校纪律与刑事司法联系的作用

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad110

Marissa E Thompson

{"title":"Examining the Black Gender Gap in Educational Attainment: The Role of Exclusionary School Discipline & Criminal Justice Contact","authors":"Marissa E Thompson","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad110","url":null,"abstract":"Black men and women have different levels of average educational attainment, yet few studies have focused on explaining how and why these patterns develop. One explanation may be inequality in experiences with institutional punishment through exclusionary school discipline and criminal justice exposure. Drawing on intersectional frameworks and theories of social control, I examine the long-term association between punishment and the Black gender gap using data from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort (NLSY-C). Decomposition analyses reveal that about one third of the gender gap can be explained by gender differences in experiences with institutional punishments, net of differences in observed behaviors. These measures are predictive at key educational transition points, including finishing high school and earning a 4-year college degree. Though Black boys and girls have similar family backgrounds and grow up in similar neighborhoods, results suggest that Black girls have a persistent advantage in educational attainment due in part to their lower levels of exposure to exclusionary school discipline and the criminal justice system. In addition, I find that gender differences in early achievement, early externalizing behavioral problems, school experiences, and substance use in adolescence and early adulthood are associated with gender differences in educational attainment. Taken together, these results illustrate the importance of punishment disparities in understanding disparate educational outcomes over the life course of Black men and women.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gendered Family Violence among Migrants Seeking International Protection: A Life Course Perspective 寻求国际保护的移民中的性别家庭暴力：生命历程视角

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad111

A. Weitzman, Jeffrey Swindle, Gilbert Brenes-Camacho

{"title":"Gendered Family Violence among Migrants Seeking International Protection: A Life Course Perspective","authors":"A. Weitzman, Jeffrey Swindle, Gilbert Brenes-Camacho","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad111","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Although family and migration scholars recognize that intimate partner violence (IPV) can motivate women’s movement between countries, little research considers IPV or other gendered family violence further back in women migrants’ life histories or explores the legacy of gendered family violence in cases where such violence is not the primary push factor. Here, we analyze in-depth interviews conducted among thirty-four Latin American women seeking asylum or international protection from a diversity of threats to comprehensively understand their experiences with childhood and adult family violence prior to migration. Our analysis reveals three key takeaways. First, IPV, incest, abandonment, and other forms of gendered family violence can characterize women’s family dynamics across the life course even when these experiences do not directly prompt migration. Second, amidst pervasive patriarchal norms, family violence has the power to destabilize women’s social circumstances and fracture their ties to family members in ways that indirectly encourage migration. Third, owing to these same gender norms, even when gendered family violence directly prompts migration, women may conceptualize their primary motive as protecting their children rather than themselves. These findings move beyond common conceptualizations of the family violence–migration nexus and highlight the breadth and implications of gendered family violence among migrants seeking protection from a broad spectrum of intra- and extra-familial threats.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44358315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Work Hours Volatility and Child Poverty: The Potential Mitigating Role of Safety Net Programs 工作时间波动与儿童贫困:社会安全网项目的潜在缓解作用

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad109

Julie Cai

{"title":"Work Hours Volatility and Child Poverty: The Potential Mitigating Role of Safety Net Programs","authors":"Julie Cai","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad109","url":null,"abstract":"Despite established links among persistent unemployment, low wages, and children’s economic well-being, social scientists have yet to document how variability in work hours is linked to child poverty. Our knowledge of the safety net’s heterogeneous responses to work-hour instability is also limited. This is of critical importance for scholars and policymakers. Using nationally representative data collected every 4 months, this paper examines how intra-year work-hour volatility is related to child poverty, measured through both the official poverty measure (OPM) and the supplemental poverty measure (SPM). It further assesses varying degrees of buffering effects of cash, in-kind benefits, and tax transfers on income in the context of work-hour volatility. Results indicate that more than one in four households (26%) facing the greatest volatility lived under the poverty line. Black and Hispanic children, as well as those living with unpartnered single mothers, faced substantially higher variability in household market hours worked. Hispanic children experienced not only greater volatility in their caregivers’ work hours but also higher poverty level, even after taking government programs into account. In-kind benefits are more effective in buffering household income declines resulting from unstable work hours, followed by tax transfers and cash benefits. The effectiveness of near-cash benefits is particularly salient among Black children and children of single mothers. These results provide new evidence to inform policy discussions surrounding the best ways to help socioeconomically disadvantaged families to retain benefits and smooth their income in the face of frequent variation in work hours and, thus, earnings.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Latent Cumulative Disadvantage: US Immigrants’ Reversed Economic Assimilation in Later Life 潜在累积劣势:美国移民晚年经济同化的逆转

1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad100

Leafia Z Ye

{"title":"<i>Latent Cumulative Disadvantage:</i> US Immigrants’ Reversed Economic Assimilation in Later Life","authors":"Leafia Z Ye","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad100","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the most salient findings in research on immigration has been that immigrants experience substantial economic mobility as they accumulate more years in the host-society labor force and eventually approach earnings parity with their native-born counterparts. However, we do not know whether this progress is sustained in retirement. In this paper, I develop a framework of Latent Cumulative (Dis)advantage and hypothesize that even as immigrants are approaching parity with the native-born in terms of current earnings, they accumulate disadvantages in lifetime earnings, job benefits, and retirement planning that eventually lead them to have growing disadvantages in income in later life. Drawing on decades of longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study, I find that while foreign- and native-born men in the United States both experience a decline in income after age 50, the decline is much more substantial among foreign-born men. As a result, immigrant men’s economic assimilation is reversed in later life. I find evidence that this phenomenon is driven mainly by immigrants’ lower lifetime earnings and cumulative exposure to worse job benefits. Given that the foreign-born elderly population in the United States is projected to quadruple by 2050, findings from this paper have important implications for long-term policy planning.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134931519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of “Orange-Collar Labor: Work and Inequality in Prison” 《白领劳动：监狱中的工作与不平等》述评

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad086

E. Hatton

引用次数: 0

What Makes a Citizen? Contemporary Immigration and the Boundaries of Citizenry 是什么造就了一个公民?当代移民与公民身份的界限

1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad099

Muna Adem, Denise Ambriz

{"title":"What Makes a Citizen? Contemporary Immigration and the Boundaries of Citizenry","authors":"Muna Adem, Denise Ambriz","doi":"10.1093/sf/soad099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad099","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract How do native-born Americans evaluate citizenship claims made by immigrant groups? Prior research identifies three broad patterns: respondents (1) make judgments based on immigrants’ willingness to adhere to national norms and civic values, (2) rely on ethnoracial cues, and (3) rely on economic cues. Using a conjoint survey experiment, this is the first study to examine how these patterns hold across two distinct dimensions of citizenship—legal membership (being considered a citizen of the state) and cultural membership (being perceived as a fellow American). The results reveal that legal status and age of arrival are powerful determinants for attitudes toward legal membership. By contrast, ethnoracial boundaries have a more significant impact on cultural membership, even after accounting for key predictors, such as legal status and English proficiency. Moreover, we show that evaluations of citizenship claims differ for White and non-White Americans in meaningful ways. Compared to White respondents, Black and Latino respondents express higher levels of ingroup preference for legal membership, and Latinos are significantly more likely to use an inclusive definition of cultural membership. In tandem, these results highlight the importance of measuring citizenship as a multidimensional concept and the limitations of focusing on the dominant group to understand immigration attitudes in contemporary diverse societies.","PeriodicalId":48400,"journal":{"name":"Social Forces","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135018163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of “From Chinatown to Every Town: How Chinese Immigrants Have Expanded the Restaurant Business in the United States” 《从唐人街到每一个城镇：中国移民如何拓展美国餐馆业》述评

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad084

C. Flippen

引用次数: 0

Review of “Keeping Family Secrets: Shame and Silence in Memoirs from the 1950s” 《保守家庭秘密：五十年代回忆录中的羞耻与沉默》述评

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad088

Chloe Dunston

引用次数: 0

Review of “Joy and Pain: A Story of Black Life and Liberation in Five Albums” 《快乐与痛苦：五张专辑中的黑人生活与解放故事》述评

IF 4.8 1区社会学

Social Forces Pub Date : 2023-08-12 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad089

A. Khan

引用次数: 2