Personality and Social Psychology Review最新文献

{"title":"Manipulating Belief in Free Will and Its Downstream Consequences: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Oliver Genschow,&nbsp;Emiel Cracco,&nbsp;Jana Schneider,&nbsp;John Protzko,&nbsp;David Wisniewski,&nbsp;Marcel Brass,&nbsp;Jonathan W Schooler","doi":"10.1177/10888683221087527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10888683221087527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ever since some scientists and popular media put forward the idea that free will is an illusion, the question has risen what would happen if people stopped believing in free will. Psychological research has investigated this question by testing the consequences of experimentally weakening people's free will beliefs. The results of these investigations have been mixed, with successful experiments and unsuccessful replications. This raises two fundamental questions: Can free will beliefs be manipulated, and do such manipulations have downstream consequences? In a meta-analysis including 145 experiments (95 unpublished), we show that exposing individuals to anti-free will manipulations decreases belief in free will and increases belief in determinism. However, we could not find evidence for downstream consequences. Our findings have important theoretical implications for research on free will beliefs and contribute to the discussion of whether reducing people's belief in free will has societal consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"27 1","pages":"52-82"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9452185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Movements as Parsimonious Explanations for Implicit and Explicit Attitude Change.","authors":"Jeremy E Sawyer,&nbsp;Anup Gampa","doi":"10.1177/10888683221095697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10888683221095697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, interest in aggregate and population-level implicit and explicit attitudes has opened inquiry into how attitudes relate to sociopolitical phenomenon. This creates an opportunity to examine social movements as dynamic forces with the potential to generate widespread, lasting attitude change. Although collective action remains underexplored as a means of reducing bias, we advance historical and theoretical justifications for doing so. We review recent studies of aggregate attitudes through the lens of social movement theory, proposing movements as a parsimonious explanation for observed patterns. We outline a model for conceptualizing causal pathways between social movements and implicit and explicit attitudes among participants, supporters, bystanders, and opponents. We identify six categories of mechanisms through which movements may transform attitudes: changing society; media representations; intergroup contact and affiliation; empathy, perspective-taking, and reduced intergroup anxiety; social recategorization; and social identification and self-efficacy processes. Generative questions, testable hypotheses, and promising methods for future work are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"27 1","pages":"28-51"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9077452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attachment Security Priming: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Omri Gillath, Gery C Karantzas, Daniel Romano, Kellie M Karantzas","doi":"10.1177/10888683211054592","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10888683211054592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attachment security priming has important theoretical and practical implications. We review security priming theory and research and the recent concerns raised regarding priming. We then report the results of a meta-analysis of 120 studies (<i>N</i> = 18,949) across 97 published and unpublished articles (initial pool was 1,642 articles) investigating the affective, cognitive, and behavioral effects of security priming. A large overall positive effect size (<i>d</i> = .51, <i>p</i> < .001) was found across all affective, cognitive, and behavioral domains. The largest effect was found for affect-related outcomes (<i>d</i> =.62, <i>p</i> < .001), followed by behavioral (<i>d</i> = .44, <i>p</i> < .001), and cognitive (<i>d</i> = .45, <i>p</i> < .001). Trait attachment anxiety and avoidance moderated the effects of subliminal security priming for behavioral outcomes-security priming effects were larger among people higher on attachment anxiety and avoidance. Assessment of publication bias revealed mixed evidence for the possible presence of asymmetry.</p>","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"26 3","pages":"183-241"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39957701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiculturalism and Colorblindness as Threats to the Self: A Framework for Understanding Dominant and Non-Dominant Group Members’ Responses to Interethnic Ideologies","authors":"Kimberly Rios","doi":"10.1177/10888683221093130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10888683221093130","url":null,"abstract":"Both multiculturalism (which involves recognizing and appreciating differences) and racial/ethnic colorblindness (which can involve emphasizing similarities or individual characteristics) are intended to promote intergroup harmony. Nevertheless, these ideologies can backfire when salient. Although this work has sometimes been interpreted to suggest that dominant group members may perceive salient multiculturalism, and non-dominant group members may perceive salient colorblindness, as threatening, it is unclear what about these interethnic ideologies poses a threat and why. The present article draws upon theories of the self-concept to introduce a framework of Multiculturalism and Colorblindness as Threats to the Self. Specifically, it is proposed that multiculturalism (colorblindness) is potentially threatening to dominant (non-dominant) group members’ collective, relational, and personal selves. Dispositional and contextual variables that may moderate perceptions of threat among members of dominant and non-dominant groups, alternative interethnic ideologies to multiculturalism and colorblindness, and potential future research directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"315 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88252300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Next Chapter at <i>PSPR</i>.","authors":"Jonathan M Adler","doi":"10.1177/10888683211071122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10888683211071122","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Readers, The story of Personality and Social Psychology Review (PSPR) is one of flourishing. In the quarter century since the Executive Committee of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP) decided to launch a theory journal as a companion to its first empirical journal, PSPR’s impact has experienced a meteoric rise. For each year in the past decade, PSPR has held the highest impact factor of more than 60 scholarly journals ranked in its category (according to Clarivate Analytics). For 2020 (the last year for which we have data), the impact factor was 18.46. As we all know, the impact factor is a deeply flawed metric (e.g., M. S. Allen & Iliescu, 2021), but at least it offers one suggestion that the articles that appear in PSPR are shaping the field. The story of PSPR’s ascent has also been one of continuity. The prior incoming editorials published in the journal all comment on the success of the journal and all essentially pledge not to mess with things too much. There have certainly been important refinements, including the adoption of transparency and openness standards that apply to the small number of articles that report the results of quantitative analyses, such as meta-analyses. And the prior editorial teams have been adept stewards of the journal. They have shepherded its continued rise with unfailing attention to quality, allowing the journal to remain a beacon for our field. I want to especially thank Heejung Kim and David Sherman, the outgoing Co-Editors, who have not only been fantastic editors but have also been astoundingly supportive partners in the transition to our editorial term. They are everything I would have wished for in colleagues and I am deeply grateful. With this editorial, I want to both celebrate PSPR’s success and use its solid foundation to galvanize the journal in a somewhat new direction. This is a goal I am deeply familiar with, as it is something Olin College of Engineering, where I work, is actively engaged in pursuing (e.g., Barabino et al., 2021). Olin College has been recognized as the global leader in undergraduate engineering education (R. Graham, 2018), but shortly after taking office last year, Gilda Barabino, our second President, said, “nothing makes you so conservative as having something to conserve.” She did not mean that politically, she meant that once you develop a reputation for something, people expect you to keep doing it, but then you miss out on opportunities for innovation. Like Olin College, PSPR has developed a strong reputation, and like Olin College, it is time for PSPR to lead in a new direction. As you know, our field is in transition. The primary impetus for this transition and the central core of it have focused on how we conduct our work. I am speaking, of course, of the open science revolution. And I am incredibly supportive of the efforts many of our colleagues have taken to do what Brent Roberts, in his Presidential Address at the Association for Research i","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"26 2","pages":"87-92"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39956476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Receptiveness to Opposing Views: Conceptualization and Integrative Review.","authors":"Julia A Minson,&nbsp;Frances S Chen","doi":"10.1177/10888683211061037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10888683211061037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present article reviews a growing body of research on receptiveness to opposing views-the willingness to access, consider, and evaluate contradictory opinions in a relatively impartial manner. First, we describe the construct of receptiveness and consider how it can be measured and studied at the individual level. Next, we extend our theorizing to the interpersonal level, arguing that receptiveness in the course of any given interaction is mutually constituted by the dispositional tendencies <i>and</i> observable behaviors of the parties involved. We advance the argument that receptiveness should be conceptualized and studied as an interpersonal construct that emerges dynamically over the course of an interaction and is powerfully influenced by counterpart behavior. This interpersonal conceptualization of receptiveness has important implications for intervention design and raises a suite of novel research questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"26 2","pages":"93-111"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39631789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotion Regulation by Psychological Distance and Level of Abstraction: Two Meta-Analyses.","authors":"Tal Moran,&nbsp;Tal Eyal","doi":"10.1177/10888683211069025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10888683211069025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-reflection is suggested to attenuate feelings, yet researchers disagree on whether adopting a distant or near perspective, or processing the experience abstractly or concretely, is more effective. Given the relationship between psychological distance and level of abstraction, we suggest the \"construal-matching hypothesis\": Psychological distance and abstraction differently influence emotion intensity, depending on whether the emotion's appraisal involves low-level or high-level construal. Two meta-analyses tested the effects of psychological distance (<i>k</i> = 230) and level-of-abstraction (<i>k</i> = 98) manipulations on emotional experience. A distant perspective attenuated emotional experience (<i>g</i> = 0.52) but with weaker effects for high-level (<i>g</i> = 0.29; for example, self-conscious emotions) than low-level emotions (<i>g</i>= 0.64; for example, basic emotions). Level of abstraction only attenuated the experience of low-level emotions (<i>g</i> = 0.2) and showed a reverse (nonsignificant) effect for high-level emotions (<i>g</i> = -0.13). These results highlight differences between distancing and level-of-abstraction manipulations and the importance of considering the type of emotion experienced in emotion regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"26 2","pages":"112-159"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39875065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specificity in the Study of Mixed Emotions: A Theoretical Framework","authors":"Vincent Y. S. Oh, E. M. Tong","doi":"10.1177/10888683221083398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10888683221083398","url":null,"abstract":"Research on mixed emotions is yet to consider emotion-specificity, the idea that same-valenced emotions have distinctive characteristics and functions. We review two decades of research on mixed emotions, focusing on evidence for the occurrence of mixed emotions and the effects of mixed emotions on downstream outcomes. We then propose a novel theoretical framework of mixed-emotion-specificity with three foundational tenets: (a) Mixed emotions are distinguishable from single-valenced emotions and other mixed emotions based on their emotion-appraisal relationships; (b) Mixed emotions can further be characterized by four patterns that describe relationships between simultaneous appraisals or appraisals that are unique to mixed emotions; and (c) Carryover effects occur only on outcomes that are associated with the appraisal characteristics of mixed emotion. We outline how mixed-emotion-specific effects can be predicted based on the appraisal tendency framework. Temporal dynamics, the application of mixed-emotion-specificity to individual difference research, methodological issues, and future directions are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"28 1","pages":"283 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76022213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agreeableness and Its Consequences: A Quantitative Review of Meta-Analytic Findings","authors":"Michael P. Wilmot, D. Ones","doi":"10.1177/10888683211073007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10888683211073007","url":null,"abstract":"Agreeableness impacts people and real-world outcomes. In the most comprehensive quantitative review to date, we summarize results from 142 meta-analyses reporting effects for 275 variables, which represent N > 1.9 million participants from k > 3,900 studies. Arranging variables by their content and type, we use an organizational framework of 16 conceptual categories that presents a detailed account of Agreeableness’ external relations. Overall, the trait has effects in a desirable direction for 93% of variables (grand mean ρ ¯ M = . 16 ). We also review lower order trait evidence for 42 variables from 20 meta-analyses. Using these empirical findings, in tandem with existing theory, we synthesize eight general themes that describe Agreeableness’ characteristic functioning across variables: self-transcendence, contentment, relational investment, teamworking, work investment, lower results emphasis, social norm orientation, and social integration. We conclude by discussing potential boundary conditions of findings, contributions and limitations of our review, and future research directions.","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"242 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84430046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Observation: Manipulating Circumstances to Detect Affordances and Infer Traits","authors":"C. M. Pick, Steven L. Neuberg","doi":"10.1177/10888683221076688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10888683221076688","url":null,"abstract":"Social perceivers seek to understand the opportunities and threats others potentially afford—for example, whether a teammate will behave tenaciously or a romantic partner, faithfully. We typically detect affordances and draw trait inferences by observing behaviors that reveal or predict others’ likely intentions and characteristics. However, detection and inference from simple observation are often difficult (e.g., even dishonest people are frequently honest, people often mask unpopular beliefs). In such cases, we propose that people test, actively manipulating others’ circumstances to reveal hard-to-observe affordances and characteristics. The Observation-Testing Model is a framework predicting circumstances under which testing is more likely to happen, which affordances and characteristics are more likely to be tested for, and which people are more likely to test and be tested. We identify preliminary support for the model from a range of literatures (e.g., employment assessment, coming-of-age rituals, dating processes) and identify areas needing further research.","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"68 1","pages":"160 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84434878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}