Criminology最新文献_第2页

Creating a minority threat: Assessing the spillover effect of local immigrant detention on Hispanic arrests 制造少数民族威胁：评估当地移民拘留对西班牙裔被捕者的溢出效应

IF 4.6 1区社会学

Criminology Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1111/1745-9125.12367

Ashley N. Muchow

{"title":"Creating a minority threat: Assessing the spillover effect of local immigrant detention on Hispanic arrests","authors":"Ashley N. Muchow","doi":"10.1111/1745-9125.12367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12367","url":null,"abstract":"Amid punitive shifts in crime and immigration control during the 1980s and 1990s, Hispanic individuals comprised a growing share of the population confined in U.S. prisons and jails. Although it is widely acknowledged that the nation's wars on crime and drugs contributed to higher rates of minority arrest, limited empirical research has examined whether the merging of immigration control with criminal justice practice during this period intensified these disparities. This article uses county-level arrest data from California between 1980 and 2004 to investigate whether intergovernmental service agreements (IGSAs) leasing jail space for immigrant detention increased rates of Hispanic arrest. Employing a quasi-experimental design that leverages the staggered adoption of IGSAs across counties, this study finds that these agreements increased rates of Hispanic arrest but had no discernible impact on arrest rates for White or Black residents. Supplemental analyses reveal that these increases were driven by misdemeanor arrests and were particularly pronounced in counties where the Hispanic population comprised between 11 and 22 percent. These findings suggest that IGSAs may trigger minority threat concerns that increase arrests, shedding additional light on Hispanic representation in the criminal justice system.","PeriodicalId":48385,"journal":{"name":"Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-9125.12367","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pulling back the veil of darkness: A proposed road map to disentangle racial disparities in traffic stops, a research note 揭开黑暗的面纱：研究报告：消除交通拦截中种族差异的拟议路线图

IF 4.6 1区社会学

Criminology Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1111/1745-9125.12366

Jedidiah L. Knode, Scott E. Wolfe, Travis M. Carter

引用次数: 0

Urban greenspace and neighborhood crime 城市绿地与邻里犯罪

IF 4.6 1区社会学

Criminology Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1111/1745-9125.12365

James C. Wo, Ethan M. Rogers

{"title":"Urban greenspace and neighborhood crime","authors":"James C. Wo, Ethan M. Rogers","doi":"10.1111/1745-9125.12365","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-9125.12365","url":null,"abstract":"Urban greenspace (UGS) has been recently linked to public safety. Criminologists, however, have been largely absent from the discussion about this association, despite having important theoretical tools and empirical findings to contribute. In the current study, we review the prominent criminological perspectives that may be used to explain the association between UGS and crime. Furthermore, we draw from prior work to extend beyond the question of whether UGS affects crime to the more crucial question of when it does. Using a sample of block groups in Washington, D.C., we examine the association between two measures of UGS—tree canopy coverage and noncanopy vegetation coverage—and violent and property crime. We also assess the moderating effects of antecedents to social disorganization (poverty and homeownership) on the association between UGS and crime. Our results suggest that both types of UGS are associated with fewer crimes, even while controlling for a range of criminogenic factors. The effects of tree canopy coverage appear to be crime general, while the effects of noncanopy vegetation coverage only apply to violent crime. The effects of tree canopy, however, are weaker in communities characterized by high levels of poverty and low levels of homeownership.","PeriodicalId":48385,"journal":{"name":"Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-9125.12365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140966676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Degrees of difference: Do college credentials earned behind bars improve labor market outcomes? 差异程度：在狱中获得的大学文凭能改善劳动力市场的结果吗？

IF 5.8 1区社会学

Criminology Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1111/1745-9125.12364

Abby Ballou

{"title":"Degrees of difference: Do college credentials earned behind bars improve labor market outcomes?","authors":"Abby Ballou","doi":"10.1111/1745-9125.12364","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-9125.12364","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely held that providing postsecondary education programs to incarcerated individuals will improve postrelease labor market outcomes. Little research evidence exists, however, to support this view. To test the effect of postsecondary carceral education credentials on employer perceptions of hireability, the current study uses a factorial design to survey a sample of employers nationwide (N = 2,538). Employers were presented with résumés of fictional applicants applying to a job as a customer service representative at a large call center. The résumés randomized education credentials earned while incarcerated. Results indicate that employers were significantly more willing to interview applicants with postsecondary education credentials relative to applicants with only a General Educational Development (GED) diploma. Although Black applicants who had earned a sub-baccalaureate certificate saw improvements in hireability relative to GED holders, Black applicants who had earned a bachelor's degree did not. In contrast, White applicants benefited both from sub-baccalaureate certificates and bachelor's degrees. Results from a mediation analysis suggest that these credentials signal important information to employers about applicant attributes and that improved perceptions of applicant ability and likelihood to reoffend drive the overall effect. Implications for future research and policy are explored.","PeriodicalId":48385,"journal":{"name":"Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-9125.12364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Homicides involving Black victims are less likely to be cleared in the United States 在美国，涉及黑人受害者的凶杀案不太可能被排除嫌疑

IF 5.8 1区社会学

Criminology Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1111/1745-9125.12362

Gian Maria Campedelli

{"title":"Homicides involving Black victims are less likely to be cleared in the United States","authors":"Gian Maria Campedelli","doi":"10.1111/1745-9125.12362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12362","url":null,"abstract":"Does a victim's race explain variation in the likelihood of homicide clearance? Attempts to address this issue date back to the 1970s. Yet, despite its theoretical and policy relevance, we lack a comprehensive and clear empirical answer to this critical question. Here, I causally focus on this problem by investigating racial disparity in homicide clearance in the United States, exploiting two sources covering the 1991–2020 period: the Murder Accountability Project data set (N = 522,278) and the National Incident-Based Reporting System data set (N = 98,677). I primarily analyze these sources by employing exact matching to achieve perfect covariate balance and subsequently isolate the effect of race on the probability of clearance. For comparative purposes, I also use regression adjustment without matching obtaining complementary estimates. I demonstrate that the likelihood of clearance is 3.4 to 4.8 percent lower for homicides involving Black victims, depending on the sampling and estimation approach. In addition, I empirically show that this race effect is slightly higher for males and that racial disparity has moderately but significantly increased over time. These findings contribute to the extensive amount of evidence on discrimination affecting Black individuals in the administration of justice in the United States, calling for structural efforts to reduce this divide.","PeriodicalId":48385,"journal":{"name":"Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When police pull back: Neighborhood‐level effects of de‐policing on violent and property crime, a research note 当警察撤离时：解除警力对暴力犯罪和财产犯罪的街区级影响，研究说明

IF 5.8 1区社会学

Criminology Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1111/1745-9125.12363

Justin Nix, Jessica Huff, Scott E. Wolfe, D. Pyrooz, Scott M. Mourtgos

{"title":"When police pull back: Neighborhood‐level effects of de‐policing on violent and property crime, a research note","authors":"Justin Nix, Jessica Huff, Scott E. Wolfe, D. Pyrooz, Scott M. Mourtgos","doi":"10.1111/1745-9125.12363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12363","url":null,"abstract":"Many U.S. cities witnessed both de‐policing and increased crime in 2020, yet whether the former contributed to the latter remains unclear. Indeed, much of what is known about the effects of proactive policing on crime comes from studies that evaluated highly focused interventions atypical of day‐to‐day policing, used cities as the unit of analysis, or could not rule out endogeneity. This study addresses each of these issues, thereby advancing the evidence base concerning the effects of policing on crime. Leveraging two exogenous shocks presented by the onset of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and social unrest after the murder of George Floyd, we evaluated the effects of sudden and sustained reductions in high‐discretion policing on crime at the neighborhood level in Denver, Colorado. Multilevel models accounting for trends in prior police activity, neighborhood structure, seasonality, and population mobility revealed mixed results. On the one hand, large‐scale reductions in stops and drug‐related arrests were associated with significant increases in violent and property crimes, respectively. On the other hand, fewer disorder arrests did not affect crime. These results were not universal across neighborhoods. We discuss the implications of these findings in light of debates concerning the appropriate role of policing in the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":48385,"journal":{"name":"Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139790101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The problem with criminal records: Discrepancies between state reports and private-sector background checks 犯罪记录的问题：州政府报告与私营部门背景调查之间的差异

IF 5.8 1区社会学

Criminology Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1111/1745-9125.12359

Sarah Lageson, Robert Stewart

{"title":"The problem with criminal records: Discrepancies between state reports and private-sector background checks","authors":"Sarah Lageson, Robert Stewart","doi":"10.1111/1745-9125.12359","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-9125.12359","url":null,"abstract":"Criminal records are routinely used by employers and other institutional decision-makers who rely on their presumed fidelity to evaluate applicants. We analyze criminal records for a sample of 101 people, comparing official state reports, two sources of private-sector background checks (one regulated and one unregulated by federal law), and qualitative interviews. Based on our analysis, private-sector background checks are laden with false-positive and false-negative errors: 60 percent and 50 percent of participants had at least one false-positive error on their regulated and unregulated background checks, and nearly all (90 percent and 92 percent of participants, respectively) had at least one false-negative error. We define specific problems with private-sector criminal records: mismatched data that create false negatives, missing case dispositions that create incomplete and misleading criminal records, and incorrect data that create false positives. Accompanying qualitative interviews show how errors in background checks limit access to social opportunities ranging from employment to education to housing and violate basic principles of fairness in the legal system.","PeriodicalId":48385,"journal":{"name":"Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-9125.12359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139847608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pacifying problem places: How problem property interventions increase guardianship and reduce disorder and crime 安抚问题场所：问题财产干预措施如何加强监护并减少混乱和犯罪

IF 5.8 1区社会学

Criminology Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1111/1745-9125.12361

Michael Zoorob, Daniel T. O'Brien

{"title":"Pacifying problem places: How problem property interventions increase guardianship and reduce disorder and crime","authors":"Michael Zoorob, Daniel T. O'Brien","doi":"10.1111/1745-9125.12361","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-9125.12361","url":null,"abstract":"Crime is highly concentrated at places that lack capable place managers (i.e., landlords and their delegates). In response, numerous cities have instituted problem property interventions that pressure landowners to better manage properties suffering from decay, nuisance, or crime. This approach is distinctive in that it both targets a place and incentivizes those legally responsible to improve its management, yet little is known about the efficacy of such interventions. We assess the short- and long-term impacts of such interventions in Boston, Massachusetts, using matched difference-in-difference analyses. Problem property interventions reduced crime and disorder relative to comparable matched properties. They also led to property investment and landowner turnover, suggesting strengthened place management. In addition, drops in crime and disorder were observed at other properties on the same street, although not at other properties with the same owner throughout the city. This study, therefore, provides evidence that problem property interventions compel landowners to better manage the targeted property and that these effects have a diffusion of benefits on surrounding properties. The effect on place management, however, was limited to the target property and did not reliably generalize to the landowner's other holdings. This study reveals nuance in the ways that problem property interventions can benefit communities.","PeriodicalId":48385,"journal":{"name":"Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-9125.12361","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The problem with criminal records: Discrepancies between state reports and private‐sector background checks 犯罪记录的问题：州政府报告与私营部门背景调查之间的差异

IF 5.8 1区社会学

Criminology Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1111/1745-9125.12359

Sarah Lageson, Robert Stewart

{"title":"The problem with criminal records: Discrepancies between state reports and private‐sector background checks","authors":"Sarah Lageson, Robert Stewart","doi":"10.1111/1745-9125.12359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12359","url":null,"abstract":"Criminal records are routinely used by employers and other institutional decision‐makers who rely on their presumed fidelity to evaluate applicants. We analyze criminal records for a sample of 101 people, comparing official state reports, two sources of private‐sector background checks (one regulated and one unregulated by federal law), and qualitative interviews. Based on our analysis, private‐sector background checks are laden with false‐positive and false‐negative errors: 60 percent and 50 percent of participants had at least one false‐positive error on their regulated and unregulated background checks, and nearly all (90 percent and 92 percent of participants, respectively) had at least one false‐negative error. We define specific problems with private‐sector criminal records: mismatched data that create false negatives, missing case dispositions that create incomplete and misleading criminal records, and incorrect data that create false positives. Accompanying qualitative interviews show how errors in background checks limit access to social opportunities ranging from employment to education to housing and violate basic principles of fairness in the legal system.","PeriodicalId":48385,"journal":{"name":"Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139787985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pacifying problem places: How problem property interventions increase guardianship and reduce disorder and crime 安抚问题场所：问题财产干预措施如何加强监护并减少混乱和犯罪

IF 5.8 1区社会学

Criminology Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1111/1745-9125.12361

Michael Zoorob, Daniel T. O'Brien

{"title":"Pacifying problem places: How problem property interventions increase guardianship and reduce disorder and crime","authors":"Michael Zoorob, Daniel T. O'Brien","doi":"10.1111/1745-9125.12361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12361","url":null,"abstract":"Crime is highly concentrated at places that lack capable place managers (i.e., landlords and their delegates). In response, numerous cities have instituted problem property interventions that pressure landowners to better manage properties suffering from decay, nuisance, or crime. This approach is distinctive in that it both targets a place and incentivizes those legally responsible to improve its management, yet little is known about the efficacy of such interventions. We assess the short‐ and long‐term impacts of such interventions in Boston, Massachusetts, using matched difference‐in‐difference analyses. Problem property interventions reduced crime and disorder relative to comparable matched properties. They also led to property investment and landowner turnover, suggesting strengthened place management. In addition, drops in crime and disorder were observed at other properties on the same street, although not at other properties with the same owner throughout the city. This study, therefore, provides evidence that problem property interventions compel landowners to better manage the targeted property and that these effects have a diffusion of benefits on surrounding properties. The effect on place management, however, was limited to the target property and did not reliably generalize to the landowner's other holdings. This study reveals nuance in the ways that problem property interventions can benefit communities.","PeriodicalId":48385,"journal":{"name":"Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0