Criminology最新文献

{"title":"Redeeming desistance: From individual journeys to a social movement","authors":"Shadd Maruna","doi":"10.1111/1745-9125.12393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12393","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Early desistance research identified a key role for redemption scripts in the process of desisting from crime. This research emerged in an incredibly punitive environment at the turn of the century, when core beliefs about human redeemability were being challenged by popular and academic theories about incorrigible predators incapable of change. Desistance research made a profound impact, inspiring academic scholarship and changes to the policy and practice of reintegration. However, desistance research can also be accused of numerous crimes, as well, ranging from the adoption of an overly individualistic framing to the usurpation of the voices of research contributors. Fortunately, redemption is possible. A new generation of desistance theory and research now explicitly addresses the political and cultural factors impacting the desistance process and proposes that these hardened prejudices will only be changed by supporting a social movement led by and for system-impacted people. With their proven ability to inspire hope and promote action, redemption scripts may, again, be a key tool in such a movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":48385,"journal":{"name":"Criminology","volume":"63 1","pages":"5-25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-9125.12393","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticipatory discrimination: How attorneys’ assumptions about fact triers’ biases sustain race and gender inequality in the civil legal system","authors":"Benjamin R. Weiss","doi":"10.1111/1745-9125.12399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12399","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sociolegal research has shown that structural and interpersonal discrimination produce race and gender inequality in access to civil justice. This article draws on interviews with civil attorneys who represent sexual violence victims to theorize “anticipatory discrimination” as a related but distinct explanation for inequality. Attorneys worried about the potential racism and sexism of imagined fact triers (i.e., judges and jurors). They preempted anticipated discrimination by taking fewer cases from Black and Latino victims and from victims whose experiences deviated from dominant gender ideologies. When they did take cases from victims who they anticipated might experience structural or interpersonal discrimination, attorneys lowered their case valuation and demanded they meet higher evidentiary thresholds than similarly situated but less marginalized victims. This article challenges acclamations of the civil legal system as a promising route to redress for sexual violence victims by presenting evidence of race and gender inequality in victims’ access to and experience of civil justice. In so doing, this article extends sociolegal and social cognition research on inequality by showing that actions taken in anticipation of discrimination may sustain inequality separate and apart from existing structural and interpersonal discrimination, a process this article terms “anticipatory discrimination.”</p>","PeriodicalId":48385,"journal":{"name":"Criminology","volume":"63 1","pages":"239-267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How environmental features and perceptions influence the perceived risks and rewards of criminal opportunities","authors":"William P. McClanahan,&nbsp;Daniel S. Nagin,&nbsp;Marco Otte,&nbsp;Peter Wozniak,&nbsp;Jean-Louis van Gelder","doi":"10.1111/1745-9125.12401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12401","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A central tenet of the criminal decision-making literature is that perceptions of the environment shape decisions. Yet the underlying mechanisms linking environmental features to perception remain mostly untested. Those that have been tested have relied on methods that are either correlational or have limited generalizability. We aimed to fill this gap by harnessing the power of virtual reality. Using burglary as a case study, incarcerated residential burglars with varying degrees of proficiency (<i>N</i> = 160) explored a virtual neighborhood with houses that differed in features related to the risks and rewards of burglary. In support of our preregistered hypotheses, offenders adjust their perceptions in response to environmental features related to risks and rewards. Moreover, proficiency modifies these perceptions, with more proficient offenders believing they are less likely to get caught and seen and, as a result, more likely to break into a house. We support our statistical findings with rich data from qualitative interviews.</p>","PeriodicalId":48385,"journal":{"name":"Criminology","volume":"63 1","pages":"155-182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-9125.12401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Criminal justice as racialized organizations: Evidence from ethnographies of police, courts, and jails","authors":"Heather Schoenfeld,&nbsp;Chas Walker,&nbsp;Marielis Rosa","doi":"10.1111/1745-9125.12397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12397","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Criminology has long grappled with the relationship between race/racism and the criminal justice system. In this article, we build on past critiques and demonstrate how scholars of the criminal legal system can use meso-level theories of race/racism to better explain their findings, develop new insights, and pose new research questions. To this end, we introduce the theory of racialized organizations. Drawing examples from recent ethnographic studies of police departments, criminal courts, and jails, we illustrate how criminal legal organizations (CLOs) embody the core tenets of the theory. Specifically, CLOs endow racial schema with power, distribute and extract resources unequally in part by using racialized credentials, legitimize racial harm by decoupling formal commitments to legal rights from actual practice, and reduce the agency of non-White people. We also extend the theory of racialized organizations to describe how legitimacy and racial harm accumulate and deepen across CLOs. The article concludes with actionable research directions that illuminate the complex interactions between race and the criminal legal system.</p>","PeriodicalId":48385,"journal":{"name":"Criminology","volume":"63 1","pages":"122-154"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“It's like a reverse Robin Hood—We all know they can't pay”: How court actors navigate the logics of monetary sanctions","authors":"Sarah Shannon,&nbsp;Alexes Harris,&nbsp;Tyler Smith,&nbsp;Mary Pattillo,&nbsp;Karin Martin,&nbsp;Ilya Slavinski,&nbsp;Robert Stewart,&nbsp;Andrea Giuffre,&nbsp;Aubrianne l. Sutherland","doi":"10.1111/1745-9125.12400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12400","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monetary sanctions (also known as legal financial obligations or LFOs) are the most common form of state sanction for criminal convictions, yet we know little about the logics that court actors use in their implementation. Merging an inhabited institutions perspective with the institutional logics framework, we present evidence from court actors’ accounts of imposing and collecting LFOs to reveal how they navigate the competing penal and fiscal logics of LFO sentencing across eight states. We show that the polyvalent logics underlying LFOs give rise to individual and collective critiques. Amid this discontent, we discern several patterns in how court actors navigate the tensions between coexisting logics and continue their work unabated, including the use of discretion and prioritization of some goals over others. Our analysis demonstrates how court actors make sense of their work within a complex legal field rife with conflicting priorities and how LFO sentencing and collection persist despite the contradictory logics undergirding them. Our theoretical model connecting institutional logics and inhabited institutions frameworks elucidates how decision-making in the criminal legal system operates. Although we specifically examine monetary sanctions, our findings have implications for other contexts in which decision-makers struggle with interpretation, application, and consequence.</p>","PeriodicalId":48385,"journal":{"name":"Criminology","volume":"63 1","pages":"26-57"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-9125.12400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guilt and depression in the aftermath of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda","authors":"Jason Schnittker,&nbsp;Hollie Nyseth Nzitatira","doi":"10.1111/1745-9125.12394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12394","url":null,"abstract":"<p>After the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, hundreds of thousands of people were convicted and sentenced for genocide-related crimes. Many are now being released from prisons and community service camps. This study evaluates the mental health of 168 Rwandans nearing release and at two points after, focusing on the relative significance of the circumstances surrounding their crime, the procedures used in their conviction, the characteristics of their sentence, and the conditions tied to reentry and reintegration. Results indicate that the most important determinant of emotional well-being is acceptance of guilt for participating in genocide, a paradoxical finding given the otherwise strong positive association between guilt and depression. In our models, accepting guilt in genocide improves mental health more than factors related to the administration of justice, such as confession or perceived procedural fairness, the characteristics of the crime, and the conditions surrounding confinement. Additional analyses show that guilt enhances mental health in part through social acceptance and better relationships. Although the circumstances surrounding genocide and the transitional justice period that followed are unique, the results speak to the potentially important role of the meaning of conviction, culpability, and acceptance in understanding the long-term emotional consequences of crime and punishment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48385,"journal":{"name":"Criminology","volume":"63 1","pages":"58-88"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentrated disadvantage and stress in daily life after prison","authors":"Naomi F. Sugie,&nbsp;John R. Hipp","doi":"10.1111/1745-9125.12396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12396","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reentry from prison is a stressful life transition, which has consequences for recidivism, health, and well-being. Navigating poor and highly surveilled neighborhoods after prison is considered a primary stressor after release; however, it is methodologically challenging to document how poor places exert these invisible, day-to-day strains. Bringing together theories of stress with “activity space” research, we analyze nearly 300,000 GPS estimates and more than 5300 daily reports of emotions collected through mobile phones across 3 months among a cohort of men recently released from prison in Newark, New Jersey. Using a new approach to measure activity spaces, which we term “egocentric places,” combined with multilevel models that investigate within-person changes over time, we find that daily exposure to disadvantaged places is associated with increased negative emotions, specifically, stress. These associations are most evident when navigating commonly visited places (as opposed to rarely visited places) and are most concentrated among people who already live in highly disadvantaged residential areas. These findings illuminate a generally hidden process in which spending time in disadvantaged places exacerbates stress after prison.</p>","PeriodicalId":48385,"journal":{"name":"Criminology","volume":"63 1","pages":"207-238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-9125.12396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The transferal of criminal record stigma in the employment context: Evidence from conjoint and vignette experiments","authors":"Luzi Shi,&nbsp;Megan Denver","doi":"10.1111/1745-9125.12398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12398","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A common concern in hiring individuals with criminal convictions is the stigma associated with the criminal record, which can include negative consumer reactions. We provide two novel tests of courtesy stigma, or the idea of transferring negative traits from one entity to another, through a nationwide survey. Using a conjoint experiment and a follow-up open-ended question, we first establish whether the public is less likely to select a restaurant if the business has a hiring initiative for people with conviction records. Using a vignette experiment, we then test whether the same factors driving personal stigma apply to courtesy stigma and whether hiring messaging frames influence courtesy stigma. We find evidence of criminal conviction courtesy stigma in the conjoint experiment. Respondents, however, typically reported the characteristics of the business itself as influential, and when the criminal record mattered, the underlying rationale was mainly instrumental: Avoiding a criminal record–friendly business was often due to safety concerns. We find similar instrumental results in the vignette experiment; the quality of service, rather than the characteristics of the criminal record or server's race, influenced restaurant recommendations. Perhaps for this reason, messaging strategies focusing on reducing criminal record stigma did not reduce courtesy stigma.</p>","PeriodicalId":48385,"journal":{"name":"Criminology","volume":"63 1","pages":"89-121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-9125.12398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “When police pull back: Neighborhood-level effects of de-policing on violent and property crime, a research note”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/1745-9125.12395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12395","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Nix, J., Huff, J., Wolfe, S. E., Pyrooz, D. C., &amp; Mourtgos, S. M. (2024). When police pull back: Neighborhood-level effects of de-policing on violent and property crime, a research note. &lt;i&gt;Criminology, 62&lt;/i&gt;(1), 156–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12363&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the published version of this article (Nix et al., 2024), a coding error resulted in incorrect census data and spatial weights being matched to 54 of 78 neighborhoods (these data were used to create Level 2 controls for population, racial composition, immigration, and disadvantage, and a Level 1 control for spatial lags). Crime data was incorrectly matched to 2 of the 78 neighborhoods.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Upon correcting these errors, we identified two additional, albeit minor, mistakes. First, our AQI variable only captured daily levels of carbon monoxide. We have corrected this measure so that it includes particulate matter, NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, and ozone, which more closely reflects the way we described the variable in the article. Second, our weather data included Colorado weather stations outside of the City and County of Denver. In this correction, we have excluded those stations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our findings are substantively similar upon making these corrections (see Table 1 below). The relationship between pedestrian stop deviations and violent crime remains statistically significant (&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt; = −0.009, SE = 0.002, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). The relationship between vehicle stop deviations and violent crime is no longer statistically significant, but the magnitude of the coefficient is strikingly similar (&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt; = −0.00175, SE = 0.001, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.137; previously &lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt; = −0.00245, SE = 0.001, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.042). The relationship between drug arrests and property crime is no longer statistically significant (&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt; = −0.027, SE = 0.006, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001 in the original model, compared to &lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt; = −0.012, SE = 0.009, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.181 in the corrected model). Finally, in the corrected model, the relationship between pedestrian stops and property crime is statistically significant (&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt; = −0.005, SE = 0.001, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01; previously &lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002, SE = 0.003, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.51).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One notable difference is that in the corrected analysis, we observe that the relationship between reduced pedestrian stops and property crime was more pronounced in neighborhoods with higher levels of disadvantage (see Table S14 and Figure S4).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We have updated our Harvard Dataverse and replication files to reflect these corrections. In addition to minor changes to the results presented in Table 1 of the article, there are also various small differences in the tables and figures included in the Supplemental Materials. Updated Supplemental Materials are available under the “Supporting Information” tab of the online version of the article.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Below is a revised results section with updated point estimates:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Panel 1 of Table 1 displays the results of four mixed effects models that regres","PeriodicalId":48385,"journal":{"name":"Criminology","volume":"63 1","pages":"294-297"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-9125.12395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public support for universal second look sentencing, a research note","authors":"Paula Smith,&nbsp;Amanda Graham,&nbsp;Francis T. Cullen,&nbsp;Justin T. Pickett,&nbsp;Cheryl Lero Jonson,&nbsp;Kellie R. Hannan,&nbsp;Amanda Pompoco","doi":"10.1111/1745-9125.12391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12391","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on a 2023 national YouGov survey (<i>N</i> = 800), we explored public support for universal second look sentencing—the view that all incarcerated individuals, not just those who committed their crimes before they were age 25, should be eligible to have lengthy sentences revisited by judges after serving 15 to 20 years in prison. A majority of Americans supported a universal policy, with only 1 in 5 respondents opposed. Multivariate analyses showed that redeemability is not static but dynamic. It can be earned if incarcerated people signal their reformation by completing rehabilitation programs and receiving a positive recommendation from the warden. Support from the victim (or their family) also matters. Given the public's endorsement, second look sentencing may be a viable policy to address mass incarceration and the problem of extreme prison terms.</p>","PeriodicalId":48385,"journal":{"name":"Criminology","volume":"63 1","pages":"280-293"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-9125.12391","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}