Phedeas Stephanides , Jason Chilvers , Elliot Honeybun-Arnolda , Tom Hargreaves , Helen Pallett , Chris Groves , Nicholas Pidgeon , Karen Henwood , Robert Gross
{"title":"Beyond public acceptance: Towards systemic societal responsiveness of net zero infrastructures","authors":"Phedeas Stephanides , Jason Chilvers , Elliot Honeybun-Arnolda , Tom Hargreaves , Helen Pallett , Chris Groves , Nicholas Pidgeon , Karen Henwood , Robert Gross","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whilst dominant science-policy framings focus on getting publics to accept widespread infrastructural changes deemed necessary for net zero, social science scholarship has argued for the need to move ‘beyond acceptance’. In this paper we advance on existing studies which tend to emphasise a largely sequential progression from acceptance to ‘beyond acceptance’ approaches. We suggest that this can be more accurately viewed as distinct co-existing and interacting perspectives on public responses to net zero infrastructures. We present a framework that identifies four perspectives on how publics relate to infrastructural change. This suggests that alongside perspectives focusing on <em>public acceptance</em> and <em>societal acceptability</em>, two alternative perspectives emphasise the need for <em>societal responsiveness</em> perspectives, one with reference to specific settings and one more systemically. Drawing on a review of academic literature and UK policy documents, we move beyond studies focusing on discrete technologies to analyse how these perspectives are evident across the energy system, with reference to three exemplifying case study areas: wind energy, greenhouse gas removal, and smart home technologies. Our analysis shows that public responses to net zero infrastructures are contingent on particular sociotechnical situations and are interrelated across wider systems. While <em>societal responsiveness</em> perspectives are emerging in contestation to the still dominant focus of gaining acceptance, we suggest that a more systemic perspective on societal responsiveness of net zero infrastructures is needed. We consider the research and policy-practice implications of this <em>systemic societal responsiveness</em> perspective in terms of public responses to, engagement with, and the governance of net zero transitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48384,"journal":{"name":"Energy Research & Social Science","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 104251"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"It's complicated: Why private landlords can fail to improve the energy efficiency of their properties","authors":"Katherine Brookfield","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Private rented properties can have low levels of energy efficiency frustrating efforts to tackle climate change and negatively affecting tenants' health and wellbeing. Limited landlord action on energy efficiency partly explains the tenure's poor energy performance. To build understanding of this behaviour, this study examines the reasons that landlords give for not achieving a mandatory minimum energy efficiency standard when registering a property as exempt from this standard. The study is concerned with the reasons presented by landlords in the English private rented sector, which operates a mandatory minimum standard. The study analysed over 1000 properties recorded in the UK Government's ‘PRS Exemptions Register’ as exempt from the standard, the Energy Performance Certificates of exempt properties, and company information for landlords with exempt properties. Findings showed that landlords operating as organisations had more exempt properties than did individual private landlords, and that these two types of landlords differed in their reasons for not meeting the minimum standard. There were also differences between landlords with primary business interests inside the property sector and those with primary interests outside this sector. Amongst all landlords, cost, difficulties in securing third party consent for property improvements, and property characteristics that preclude improvement via ‘conventional’ energy efficiency measures were the most commonly cited reasons for not meeting the standard. The article considers the implications of the findings for energy policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48384,"journal":{"name":"Energy Research & Social Science","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 104262"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebecca Grant , Kirsten E.H. Jenkins , Khan Jean de Dieu Hakizimana , Dan van Der Horst
{"title":"Unjust or just unfortunate? Examining claims of procedural (in)justice in the pursuit of universal electricity access in Rwanda","authors":"Rebecca Grant , Kirsten E.H. Jenkins , Khan Jean de Dieu Hakizimana , Dan van Der Horst","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the literature on procedural justice has expanded exponentially, little attention has been paid to procedural injustices that emerge in financing and funding systems, or to the spatial and temporal limits to theorising on justice, particularly in contexts of electrification. This research presented in this paper sought to understand the ways in which (claims to) procedural injustices manifest in electrification planning and PV rollout in Rwanda. It did so by investigating the perceptions of 25 high-level stakeholders involved in national energy planning and electricity rollout to examine risks, benefits, and opportunities. The paper examines the discourses of centralised electrification as both a right and justification; the regulation of mini-grids and Solar Home Systems under centralised state visions and procedural injustice in planning processes; claims to procedural (in)justice linked to lack of capabilities and skills to deliver the proposed vision for the rollout; and financial exclusion in planning and end-use as barriers to participation in systems of electricity use. The results point to a lack of transparency in decision making and to barriers to participation for small and medium enterprises. They highlight how processes of decision making and planning can prevent access to safe, affordable, reliable, and limit the realisation of aspirations for electricity consumption. The analysis also grapples with questions of temporality in defining the concept of injustice, and the extent to which it is possible to anticipate future potential injustices emerging in processes and outcomes of policy, regulation, and skills development. This paper proposes a framework for tracing procedural injustice in electrification planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48384,"journal":{"name":"Energy Research & Social Science","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 104246"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daria Shapovalova, Keith A. Bender, John Bone, Tavis Potts
{"title":"A place-based approach to measuring a just transition: Evidence from the north-east of Scotland","authors":"Daria Shapovalova, Keith A. Bender, John Bone, Tavis Potts","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to sustainable energy systems necessitates not only technological but also societal transformations. For countries shifting away from fossil fuel production, Just Transition has become a central concept for planning and action. With many countries adopting Just Transition platforms, its operationalisation and measurement pose challenges, largely stemming from a lack of proven methodologies and complexity of social, economic and environmental data, as well as the diversity of stakeholder perspectives and narratives on contested futures. In this paper, we critically review the existing approaches for measuring Just Transition, challenges in indicator selection, implementation, and assessment. This paper presents a novel approach to developing principles for method and indicator selection for place-based measurement of Just Transition. We explore theoretical frameworks guiding indicator selection and the implications of different conceptualisations of Just Transition. We explore a case study of North East of Scotland (Aberdeen and its wider region) hosting the UK's oil and gas industry to illustrate how participatory research can be used to develop a place-based approach to transition measurement, emphasising the importance of community engagement and multi-stakeholder dialogue. Our findings underscore the importance of holistic, context-specific approaches to measuring Just Transition that evaluate jobs and skills, poverty and wellbeing, community revitalisation and participatory democracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48384,"journal":{"name":"Energy Research & Social Science","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 104236"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Community civic capacities for meaningful engagement in siting infrastructure for the energy transition","authors":"Thomas Webler , Seth Tuler","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the driving forces of climate change and to ensure society has reliable and plentiful energy, considerable amounts of new energy infrastructure will need to be built in scores of communities over the near future. Democratic societies give communities considerable authority, influence, and autonomy on land-use decisions and regulatory policy making. Involving community members and stakeholders in decision making about facility siting and hosting is vital to minimize local opposition. But while there is much written about how to engage communities successfully, there is comparatively little attention given to understanding the civic capacities communities need to be able to participate. This paper reviews literatures on civic capacity and presents a new taxonomy based on six categories: leadership, knowledge, resources, civic engagement, social capital, and culture. It then proposes a systems framework to convey how capacities are developed and employed in collaborative decision making processes about siting and hosting energy facilities. Project sponsors, regulators, stakeholder groups, and communities can use these insights to better prepare and empower communities to participate as equal partners in conversations about energy facility siting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48384,"journal":{"name":"Energy Research & Social Science","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 104224"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Money matters: Does access to financial services foster household energy transitions in Africa?","authors":"Logan Richardson , Prabisha Shrestha , Caleb Milliken , Erin O. Sills , Shannon Lloyd , Lauren Nareau , Stephanie Scott , Pamela Jagger","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Financial inclusion is hypothesized to facilitate adoption of modern energy technologies, but the relationship has not been extensively studied in the African context. We use the World Bank Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) Multi-Tier Framework (MTF) Global Surveys on Energy Access for Kenya, Rwanda, and Zambia to examine the relationship between financial services and adoption of modern energy technologies. Using a series of logit regression models, we interact gender of the household head with financial inclusion variables to understand this relationship in rural–urban households, controlling for a range of household demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. We find that bank account ownership is broadly associated with grid connection, solar ownership, and clean cooking fuels, with the most robust associations observed among male-headed households in urban settings. Access to credit is linked to the adoption of solar technologies and clean cooking fuels, but not across all settings. Mobile money is associated with grid electricity access for all households in Kenya, and with solar adoption for female-headed households in Rwanda and Zambia. Our research demonstrates the differential role of financial services in catalyzing household energy transitions by gender of household head and rural–urban settings. Future studies should collect data on individuals and intrahousehold dynamics to better inform policymakers about the potential gender-related mechanisms that support financial services as a pathway to household energy transitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48384,"journal":{"name":"Energy Research & Social Science","volume":"127 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Explaining climate change policy inertia: Policymaker perspectives on building energy efficiency in the United Kingdom","authors":"Mitya Pearson","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Why do sustainable energy transitions often prove politically difficult to deliver? This article examines this question by studying UK government policy on building energy efficiency between 2010 and 2024. The article investigates the relatively limited progress made in this area and uses interviews with policymakers to understand the reasons behind this, highlighting unhelpful political conditions, a nervousness among policymakers about energy efficiency and aspects of the UK policymaking process. This case demonstrates that climate policy hiatuses can occur even without significant incumbent lobbying, failed policy initiatives can trigger extended policy gaps, and that there can be a tension in energy transitions between radical policy shifts and stable investment frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48384,"journal":{"name":"Energy Research & Social Science","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 104243"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalie Boyd Williams , Marc Kalina , Jonathan Kwangulero , Elizabeth Tilley
{"title":"Not just a donor learning experience: Exploring failure, accountability, and harm within a large aid funded biogas project in Malawi","authors":"Natalie Boyd Williams , Marc Kalina , Jonathan Kwangulero , Elizabeth Tilley","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Africa, investments in domestic biogas projects have yielded mixed results, with numerous poor outcomes reported. While many commonly cited barriers contribute to these failures, the role of structural issues rooted in development and aid remains underexplored and poorly understood. This investigation examined 72 tarpaulin-based biogas digesters funded by UNDP across seven districts in Malawi, which experienced rapid failure shortly after implementation. Unlike many biogas studies focusing on symptoms of failure this research focussed specifically on the governance and decision-making processes that led to failure. In-depth interviews with 65 of the beneficiaries and 15 stakeholders revealed that the project failed due to poor management, unclear leadership, and weak governance. The digesters were hastily installed in remote areas that had no local expertise just before project funding expired, amidst suspected corruption and a lack of biogas expertise among all project stakeholders. The project lacked accountability to beneficiaries, leaving them powerless to influence change in their own development project. Far from being a harmless learning opportunity, as it was described by some of the project's stakeholders, the project caused harm to beneficiaries who invested limited resources into the poorly executed biogas intervention. This study challenges the typical user-centred focus of failure analyses and underscores the importance of focusing on structural causes of failure. By focussing on systemic issues, we can foster more informed discussions on biogas projects. Moreover, this approach enables accountability to beneficiaries, which can inform decision-making regarding potentially flawed projects and help to hold institutions responsible for harm caused.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48384,"journal":{"name":"Energy Research & Social Science","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 104223"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The limits of energy conservation: Why doubling current energy efficiency progress is no easy feat","authors":"Fateh Belaïd","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy efficiency is central to achieving global decarbonization objectives. The COP28 agreement calls for doubling the average annual rate of energy efficiency improvements from 2 % to 4 % annually by 2030. To explore the feasibility of this target, we first apply a Kaya-identity decomposition—at both global and regional levels—to separate activity, structural, and intensity effects, distinguishing conversion from final-energy efficiency at the point of use. The regional breakdown exposes marked heterogeneity across industrialized, emerging, and least-developed economies. We then used a complementary forecasting framework—autoregressive integrated moving-average, exponential smoothing, and prophet models—that provides complementary outlooks. While historical gains have moderated energy demand, sustained improvements beyond 2 % per year have been rare and typically driven by economic contractions rather than structural shifts. Our baseline projections reach only 1.9 % per year under current policies, leaving a persistent annual shortfall of 2–3 percentage points and a cumulative gap of ≈19 % by 2030. We interpret these findings through the multi-level perspective: (i) at the landscape level, international commitments outpace many national capabilities; (ii) at the regime level, established rules, limited finance, and “low-hanging-fruit” depletion slow further progress; and (iii) at the niche level, innovations such as widespread electrification, smart demand response, and low-cost retrofits can accelerate savings but remain unevenly accessible. Meeting the 4 % target will require binding performance standards, sizable financial incentives, accelerated technology diffusion, and explicit safeguards for affordability and equity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48384,"journal":{"name":"Energy Research & Social Science","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 104253"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raphael Deberdt , Nicole M. Smith , Jordan L. Calderon , Scott K. McCall
{"title":"Critical minerals lists for low-carbon transitions: Reviewing their structure, objectives, and limitations","authors":"Raphael Deberdt , Nicole M. Smith , Jordan L. Calderon , Scott K. McCall","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Critical minerals lists have flourished in the past decade, in particular linked to the importance of critical minerals for low-carbon transitions. We identified 27 critical minerals or materials lists across 15 countries and the European Union (EU). These lists are designed to attract public and private attention and investments to secure both domestic and foreign supplies. This review article fills a gap in the existing literature by analyzing the ways in which these lists are defined and utilized by countries engaged in a mineral rush. We focus our attention on three categories of minerals – battery minerals, platinum-group metals (PGMs), and rare earth elements (REEs) that are particularly important to energy transitions. We situate this research in the broader legal and administrative developments that have driven critical minerals policies in the past decade. We provide an in-depth analysis of the commonalities and variations in the raw materials included in these lists, and identify six core limitations of critical minerals lists: (1) unclear links between criticality assessments and mineral prioritization (2) failure to account for the full mineral value-chain; (3) limited strategic alignment between allied nations; (4) limited flexibility in dynamic environments (5) limited consideration for recycling and by-product sourcing; and (6) reliance on incomplete reserve and resource data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48384,"journal":{"name":"Energy Research & Social Science","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 104252"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}