Maternal and Child Health Journal最新文献

{"title":"The Adaptation of the Perceived Obstetric Violence Scale in Students to Turkish Culture and an Examination of Its Psychometric Properties.","authors":"Aysegul Unutkan, Veysel Karani Baris","doi":"10.1007/s10995-026-04269-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10995-026-04269-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since the awareness of obstetric violence is generally low among individuals, many health professionals remain unaware of such incidents, even though they may witness them.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to adapt 'The Perceived Obstetric Violence Scale in Students' to Turkish culture, and to evaluate its validity and reliability.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The study has a cross-sectional design.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 222 midwifery, nursing, and medical students are recruited to the study. Random sampling was used, and data were collected using an online survey method. The reliability of the scale was assessed by calculating Cronbach's α coefficient, two-half-test reliability, and item-total score correlation (Pearson) values. Confirmatory factor analysis and criterion validity were used to assess validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the participants was 21.59 ± 1.32 years; 82.9% were female, 44.1% were nursing students, 63.5% had never heard of obstetric violence, and 80.2% thought that women of different economic status were treated differently during labor. Within the scope of reliability analyses, Corrected Item-Total Correlation Values were calculated between 0.102 and 0.682, and Cronbach's coefficient was calculated as 0.932. The results from the confirmatory factor analysis and tests of criterion validity support the validity of the scale's original two-factor structure in the Turkish version.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study support that the Turkish version of the 'The Perceived Obstetric Violence Scale in Students' is both valid and reliable. However, some limitations were identified, suggesting that further validation and reliability testing with a larger sample size could be beneficial in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48367,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":"711-721"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-Led Solutions to Address Black Maternal and Infant Mortality Through the TNT-PISP Model: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Morgan S White, Deejay Zwaga, Laura E T Swan, Baillie Frizell-Thomas, Obiageli Oniah, Jasmine Y Zapata","doi":"10.1007/s10995-026-04264-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10995-026-04264-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In both the U.S. and Wisconsin, Black women and infants experience significantly higher rates of morbidity and mortality than their white counterparts. Our research team set out to explore how a community-based and culturally informed perinatal support model could address the needs of Black mothers and their families.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed and implemented the Today Not Tomorrow Pregnancy and Infant Support Program (TNT-PISP), a community-based, culturally informed perinatal support model integrated with traditional obstetrical care. From October 2019 to August 2022, we held monthly support group sessions facilitated by Black community-based doulas, Black physicians, and community partners. Twenty-five participants engaged in topic-focused and freeform sessions to discuss mental health, breastfeeding, peripartum care, and medical racism. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus groups and analyzed using the Daughtering Method and reflexive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants emphasized the importance of shared Black identity and culture in fostering connection and trust. The group's open, judgment-free environment allowed for meaningful conversations and emotional support. Participants valued the exchange of parenting knowledge and community resources. The program's flexible structure and child-friendly setting were key strengths, enabling consistent participation despite busy schedules.</p><p><strong>Conclusions for practice: </strong>This study highlights the potential of community-based, culturally informed perinatal support programs to promote health equity for Black women and infants. Future research should explore such programs' long-term impacts and scalability in diverse settings. Continued efforts to integrate culturally relevant care models into traditional healthcare systems may help promote health inequities in Black communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48367,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":"673-680"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13190512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal Care Barriers Among Immigrant Women in Canada: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Demi Ogunrinde, Solomon Asayah, Carl D'Arcy, George Mutwiri, Cindy Feng, Khrisha Alphonsus","doi":"10.1007/s10995-026-04262-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10995-026-04262-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Immigrants in Canada make up more than 20% of the population. Despite the growing number of immigrants in the country, there remain gaps in culturally competent and adequate healthcare for immigrant mothers. The main objective of this study was to identify the gaps in prenatal care of immigrant women in Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was carried out using Embase, Medline and PsycINFO between 2011 and 2022. Information on barriers to prenatal care was extracted. Only studies that were carried out in Canada and in English were included in the review. The methodological framework for the scoping review was adapted from Arksey and O'Malley.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 17 articles were included in the study after inclusion and exclusion criteria were met. Cultural and institutional factors affected mothers' access to prenatal healthcare, as well as perception of prenatal care in the Canadian healthcare system. Common obstacles were cultural, community capacity, and personal agency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Having culturally competent healthcare and more focus on service needs tailored for different ethnic groups in rural and remote areas could reduce barriers to prenatal care for immigrant women in Canada.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":48367,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":"663-672"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resources and Relationships for Success: Perspectives from Students, Alumni, and Staff of a High School-Based Parenting Program.","authors":"Libby Hladik, Clara Mack, Sophia Banez, Marie Hynek, Lan Vo, Jessie Loeb, Stephanie Gramann, Karla K Ausderau","doi":"10.1007/s10995-026-04260-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10995-026-04260-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>High school-based parenting programs have been identified as a way to support teen mothers as they manage their complex roles as parent and student. The purpose of this study was to describe components within a high school-based parenting program that support the overall success of the mother and child through the perspectives of current students, program alumni, and staff.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a phenomenological study using semi-structured interviews with current students (n = 8) and program alumni (n = 11) from one high school-based parenting program and staff from seven high school-based parenting programs (n = 12). Thematic analysis was used to identify essential program supports within and between the three different groups. Member checking was completed to verify that the final themes represented the experiences shared in the interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four themes were identified supporting the success of teen mothers in high school-based parenting programs: Things That Make the Program Run, Basic Needs, Classroom Supports, and Connections Outward. Themes were found across all participants with comparison between groups revealing nuances in their experience and perception of supports.</p><p><strong>Conclusions for practice: </strong>High school-based parenting programs need to move beyond providing traditional supports to focus on facilitating social connections, ensuring the basic needs are met, and utilizing non-traditional learning strategiesnull. Programs should name and measure strategies used to measure program effectiveness to understand the academic, health, and well-being implications for both parent and child short- and long-term.</p>","PeriodicalId":48367,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":"599-606"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13190542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147870012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Spatial Analytic Approach to Maternal Health Following Hurricane Florence (2018).","authors":"Kristen Lysne, Margaret Sugg, Charlie Reed, Jennifer Runkle, Dennis Guignet, L Baker Perry","doi":"10.1007/s10995-026-04257-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10995-026-04257-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The United States leads developed nations in maternal morbidity, yet research on the literature surrounding severe maternal health in the context of natural disasters remains limited. Projections suggest that tropical cyclone (e.g., hurricane, typhoon, cyclone) intensity will continue to surge as global temperatures rise, and experts warn that they pose one of the most significant threats to global public health in the 21st century.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study is the first to apply a spatial clustering approach to maternal health following exposure to a tropical cyclone in North Carolina.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an exploratory clustering analysis of hospitalizations for Severe Maternal Morbidity (SMM-21) using the Bernoulli-Kulldorff SaTScan statistic in the context of Hurricane Florence (2018). Multivariate logistic regression identified individual and contextual factors associated with high-risk clusters in the aftermath of Hurricane Florence (2018).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 28 FEMA disaster-declared counties had presence within an SMM spatial cluster, while individual factors (age ≥ 40) and contextual factors (racial segregation [ICE Race], reduced greenspace, and high-urbanity) were associated with residence in high-risk clusters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results indicate the importance of a spatial analytic approach following climate disasters to better identify characteristics of high-burden maternal populations for post-disaster relief and response.</p>","PeriodicalId":48367,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":"628-641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13190442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Antenatal Obstetric Hospitalizations During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Western Sydney, Australia: A Population-Based Study.","authors":"Lieu Thi Thuy Trinh, Veth Maria Guevarra, Kathy Eljiz","doi":"10.1007/s10995-026-04259-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10995-026-04259-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Information regarding the prevalence of antenatal obstetric hospitalizations (AOHs) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic is limited.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine changes in AOH prevalence, severity, emergency status, emergency department use, length of stay, causes, and associated maternal characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Routinely collected data from a tertiary referral hospital were analysed for January 2018-February 2020 (pre-pandemic) and from March 2020-April 2022 (during the pandemic).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>AOHs decreased from 1,721/10,359 births (16.6%) pre-pandemic to 1,393/9,714 births (14.3%) during the pandemic (odds ratio [OR] = 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78-0.91). Reductions were observed in overnight stays (- 2.6%), emergency admissions (- 2.2%), and emergency department involvement (- 1.4%). Mean length of stay decreased by 0.5 days. Pre-pandemic, women aged 35 and older, Indigenous women and women from Sub-Saharan Africa had higher rates of AOH, whereas women from Southern Asia had lower rates. During the pandemic, women aged 24 and younger and those from North Africa and the Middle East had higher rates, whereas women from Southern and Northeast Asia, those requiring an interpreter, and those living in less disadvantaged areas had lower rates. Smokers had higher rates both before and during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AOH rates declined during the COVID-19 pandemic alongside reduced hospital utilization. These changes may reflect shifts in care-seeking and service delivery, including public health restrictions and telehealth use. Variation across population groups suggests differences in access to and use of care. Ongoing monitoring is needed to ensure reduced utilization does not reflect unmet need.</p>","PeriodicalId":48367,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":"722-730"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Parental Misperceptions of Preschoolers' Weight and Diet- and Physical Activity-Related Parenting Attitudes and Practices.","authors":"Zhengjie Cai, Tiankun Wang, Ke Jiang, Manoj Sharma, Yong Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10995-026-04258-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10995-026-04258-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Diet- and physical activity-related parenting attitudes and practices play a central role in shaping young children's diet and physical activity behaviors. Accurate parental perception of children's weight is particularly important, as it may influence these parenting attitudes and practices. This study examined the prevalence of parental misperceptions of preschoolers' weight and their associations with diet- and physical activity-related parenting attitudes and practices in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This online cross-sectional study included 17,342 parents of preschoolers in Chongqing, China. Parents reported perception of their child's weight status and diet- and physical activity-related parenting attitudes and practices. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the associations between parental weight misperceptions and parenting attitudes and practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 26.8% of parents underestimated and 19.2% overestimated their child's weight. Overestimation occurred in 64.3% of underweight children, and underestimation occurred in 87.2% of children with overweight or obesity. In the overall sample, overestimation was associated with lower odds of being in the high-score group for total attitudes (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99) and diet-related attitudes (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.80-0.97); underestimation was associated with lower odds of being in the high-score group for diet-related attitudes (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99). For parenting practices, overestimation was associated with higher odds of being in the high-score group for total practices (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.11-1.31) and physical activity-related practices (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03-1.22); underestimation was associated with higher odds of being in the high-score group for non-responsive feeding practices (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06-1.22). In stratified analyses, the associations varied by children's actual weight status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Parental misperceptions of preschoolers' weight were associated with specific diet- and physical activity-related parenting attitudes and practices. These findings may help inform family-based approaches to childhood weight management.</p>","PeriodicalId":48367,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":"642-652"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Influenza Vaccine Awareness and Uptake Among Pregnant Women in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia: A Cross-sectional Survey.","authors":"Petra Caktaš Pletikosić, Svjetlana Došenović","doi":"10.1007/s10995-026-04266-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10995-026-04266-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pregnant women face increased risks from influenza complications, underscoring the importance of vaccination. This study evaluated knowledge and attitudes about influenza vaccination and self-reported vaccination rates among pregnant women in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2020 in primary healthcare gynecological clinics in Split, Croatia. A convenience sample of pregnant women completed an anonymous 33-question survey after providing informed consent. Data were analyzed with a chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, or Kruskal-Wallis test, as appropriate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 323 participants, only 10 (3.2%) received the influenza vaccine during pregnancy. Most respondents (96.3%) reported that healthcare providers did not offer them influenza vaccine. Insufficient knowledge about influenza vaccination was observed, with a median score of 38.46 (IQR = 23.08-53.85) out of 100. Higher education was significantly associated with better knowledge about influenza vaccination (P = 0.006), while age was not (P = 0.441). The primary reason cited for not getting vaccinated was a lack of information about the influenza vaccine (n = 144, 46%). Media sources such as radio, television, and the Internet were the most common sources of vaccine information (n = 89, 40%), while only a small fraction (n = 15, 6.7%) received information from their gynecologist.</p><p><strong>Conclusions for practice: </strong>Low self-reported vaccination rates among pregnant women in Split-Dalmatia County were primarily due to insufficient awareness and inadequate information from healthcare professionals. Improved education and proactive vaccine promotion by healthcare providers are critical to addressing this gap.</p>","PeriodicalId":48367,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":"692-699"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and Needs for Postpartum Contraception.","authors":"Amanda Spishak-Thomas, Erica L Eliason","doi":"10.1007/s10995-026-04265-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10995-026-04265-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVES: Family planning after childbirth can address postpartum individuals’ contraceptive needs and preferences for birth spacing. Our study explored the reasons for not using postpartum contraception and identified opportunities to remove contraceptive barriers. METHODS: This study used the 2019–2021 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System survey of individuals with a recent live birth in 40 states, New York City, and the District of Columbia. We used mixed-methods to analyze categorical and free-text responses on the reasons for not using postpartum contraception. Descriptive and bivariate analysis were applied to characterize the data and explain the relationship between variables. Qualitative data was processed by manual coding procedures. RESULTS: Among the 115,917 sample respondents, 22.9% reported not using contraception in the postpartum period. The most common responses were not wanting to use birth control (39.3%) and concerns about contraceptive side effects (32.2%). There were 4,508 postpartum people who completed a free-text response and primarily reported not using contraception due to difficulties with appointment processes and/or not enough time, and infertility or trouble conceiving. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: We find that postpartum people predominantly reported not wanting to use birth control, contraceptive side effects, infertility, and appointment processes, as reasons for not taking actions to prevent pregnancy. These findings suggest a need for additional counseling about side effects and benefits of contraception and can inform policies and practices that promote reproductive health equity in the postpartum period. </p>","PeriodicalId":48367,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":"681-691"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13190350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Shared Decision-Making and Child Health in the General Pediatric Population.","authors":"Alyssa Cohen, Kelly N Michelson, Michelle L Macy, Nia Heard-Garris, Kristin Kan","doi":"10.1007/s10995-026-04251-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10995-026-04251-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Shared decision-making (SDM) is a decision-making approach that aims to enhance collaboration between patients and providers. SDM is associated with improved health outcomes and decreased healthcare expenditure among children with special health care needs. However, much remains unknown about the role of SDM in the broader general pediatric population. We sought to describe associations between SDM and child health and healthcare utilization in a national pediatric sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the 2019-2021 National Survey of Children's Health, we examined the association between SDM and forgone health care, missed school days due to illness or injury, and emergency department (ED) visits. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed and adjusted for sociodemographic variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study sample included 31,791 children who needed medical decisions made in the prior 12 months (mean age 8.7 years, 42.3% with special health care needs). Most (85%) experienced SDM. In adjusted analysis, SDM was associated with significantly lower odds of children forgoing needed health care (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17-0.27), and lower odds of > 4 missed school days (aOR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.95). Experiencing SDM was not associated with ED visits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions for practice: </strong>SDM may confer benefits for all children in a general pediatric population. Experiencing SDM was associated with less forgone health care and fewer missed school days due to illness or injury. Future work should explore approaches to SDM that consider the needs and preferences of families across the spectrum of pediatric care.</p>","PeriodicalId":48367,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":"575-583"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}