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Terrorism and education: Evidence from instrumental variables estimators 恐怖主义与教育：来自工具变量估计器的证据
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Applied Econometrics Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1002/jae.3058
Marco Alfano, Joseph-Simon Görlach
{"title":"Terrorism and education: Evidence from instrumental variables estimators","authors":"Marco Alfano,&nbsp;Joseph-Simon Görlach","doi":"10.1002/jae.3058","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper estimates the effect of exposure to terrorist violence on education. Since terrorists may choose targets endogenously, we construct a set of novel instruments. To that end, we leverage exogenous variation from a local terrorist group's revenues and its affiliation with al-Qaeda. Across several Kenyan datasets, we find that attacks suppress school enrolment more than predicted by difference-in-differences-type estimators. This indicates that terrorists target areas experiencing unobserved, positive shocks. Evidence suggests fears and concerns as mechanisms of impact, rather than educational supply.</p>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jae.3058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140933639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nowcasting Euro area GDP with news sentiment: A tale of two crises 利用新闻情绪预测欧元区 GDP：两次危机的故事
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Applied Econometrics Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1002/jae.3057
Julian Ashwin, Eleni Kalamara, Lorena Saiz
{"title":"Nowcasting Euro area GDP with news sentiment: A tale of two crises","authors":"Julian Ashwin,&nbsp;Eleni Kalamara,&nbsp;Lorena Saiz","doi":"10.1002/jae.3057","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper shows that newspaper articles contain signals that can materially improve real-time nowcasts of real GDP growth for the Euro area. Using articles from 15 popular European newspapers, which are machine translated into English, we create sentiment metrics that update daily and assess their value for nowcasting, comparing with competitive and rigorous benchmarks. We find that newspaper text is especially helpful early in the quarter before other indicators are available. We also find that general-purpose sentiment measures perform better than more economics-focused ones in response to unanticipated events and nonlinear supervised models can help capture extreme movements in growth but require sufficient training data to be effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jae.3057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140933471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gains from trade: Demand, supply, and idiosyncratic shocks 贸易收益：需求、供给和特异性冲击
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Applied Econometrics Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1002/jae.3051
Ruben Dewitte, Bruno Merlevede, Glenn Rayp
{"title":"Gains from trade: Demand, supply, and idiosyncratic shocks","authors":"Ruben Dewitte,&nbsp;Bruno Merlevede,&nbsp;Glenn Rayp","doi":"10.1002/jae.3051","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Firm-level sales are often used as a proxy for productivity to quantify welfare gains from trade (GFT) using firm-level data. This approach ignores the fact that heterogeneity in firm-level sales is driven by factors other than productivity. Our theoretical and empirical analysis reveals that using sales as a proxy conflates persistent productivity with transitory demand and supply shocks, resulting in an over-dispersed productivity distribution. Assigning this shock-inflated productivity to a modeled economy's supply-side results in overestimated GFT. We show how to obtain unbiased productivity estimates, aggregate trade elasticities, and GFT estimates by exploiting the revenue production function from a single-source country.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140828213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tests for equal forecast accuracy under heteroskedasticity 异方差条件下同等预测准确性测试
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Applied Econometrics Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1002/jae.3050
David I. Harvey, Stephen J. Leybourne, Yang Zu
{"title":"Tests for equal forecast accuracy under heteroskedasticity","authors":"David I. Harvey,&nbsp;Stephen J. Leybourne,&nbsp;Yang Zu","doi":"10.1002/jae.3050","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heteroskedasticity is a common feature in empirical time series analysis, and in this paper, we consider the effects of heteroskedasticity on statistical tests for equal forecast accuracy. In such a context, we propose two new Diebold–Mariano-type tests for equal accuracy that employ nonparametric estimation of the loss differential variance function. We demonstrate that these tests have the potential to achieve power improvements relative to the original Diebold–Mariano test in the presence of heteroskedasticity, for a quite general class of loss differential series. The size validity and potential power superiority of our new tests are studied theoretically and in Monte Carlo simulations. We apply our new tests to competing forecasts of changes in the dollar/sterling exchange rate and find the new tests provide greater evidence of differences in forecast accuracy than the original Diebold–Mariano test, illustrating the value of these new procedures for practitioners.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140676748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scaling and measurement error sensitivity of scoring rules for distribution forecasts 分布预测评分规则的规模和测量误差敏感性
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Applied Econometrics Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1002/jae.3056
Onno Kleen
{"title":"Scaling and measurement error sensitivity of scoring rules for distribution forecasts","authors":"Onno Kleen","doi":"10.1002/jae.3056","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines the impact of data rescaling and measurement error on scoring rules for distribution forecast. First, I show that all commonly used scoring rules for distribution forecasts are robust to rescaling the data. Second, the forecast ranking based on the continuous ranked probability score is less sensitive to gross measurement error than the ranking based on the log score. The theoretical results are complemented by a simulation study aligned with frequently revised quarterly US gross domestic product (GDP) growth data, a simulation study aligned with financial market volatility, and an empirical application forecasting realized variances of S&amp;P 100 constituents.</p>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jae.3056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140623852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Real-time weakness of the global economy 全球经济的实时疲软
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Applied Econometrics Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1002/jae.3054
Danilo Leiva-León, Gabriel Perez Quiros, Eyno Rots
{"title":"Real-time weakness of the global economy","authors":"Danilo Leiva-León,&nbsp;Gabriel Perez Quiros,&nbsp;Eyno Rots","doi":"10.1002/jae.3054","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We propose an empirical framework to measure the real-time weakness of the global economy. This framework relies on nonlinear factor models to identify recessionary and expansionary episodes, fitted to several macroeconomic variables, for the largest advanced and emerging economies. The country-specific inferences are then combined to construct both a Global Weakness Index and a Global Intensity Index. As new economic data become available from different regions, this information is continually updated to provide high-frequency, real-time insights into (i) the strength of the global economy, (ii) the economic regions supporting this strength, (iii) country-specific and global risk assessments, and (iv) the intensity of recessionary and expansionary episodes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140623846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Constructing density forecasts from quantile regressions: Multimodality in macrofinancial dynamics 从量子回归中构建密度预测：宏观金融动态的多模态性
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Applied Econometrics Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1002/jae.3049
James Mitchell, Aubrey Poon, Dan Zhu
{"title":"Constructing density forecasts from quantile regressions: Multimodality in macrofinancial dynamics","authors":"James Mitchell,&nbsp;Aubrey Poon,&nbsp;Dan Zhu","doi":"10.1002/jae.3049","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantile regression methods are increasingly used to forecast tail risks and uncertainties in macroeconomic outcomes. This paper reconsiders how to construct predictive densities from quantile regressions. We compare a popular two-step approach that fits a specific parametric density to the quantile forecasts with a nonparametric alternative that lets the “data speak.” Simulation evidence and an application revisiting GDP growth uncertainties in the United States demonstrate the flexibility of the nonparametric approach when constructing density forecasts from both frequentist and Bayesian quantile regressions. They identify its ability to unmask deviations from symmetrical and unimodal densities. The dominant macroeconomic narrative becomes one of the evolution, over the business cycle, of multimodalities rather than asymmetries in the predictive distribution of GDP growth when conditioned on financial conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jae.3049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140623848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The heterogeneous role of party affiliation in the runner-up effect 政党归属在亚军效应中的异质性作用
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Applied Econometrics Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1002/jae.3055
Umair Khalil, Mandar Oak, Sundar Ponnusamy
{"title":"The heterogeneous role of party affiliation in the runner-up effect","authors":"Umair Khalil,&nbsp;Mandar Oak,&nbsp;Sundar Ponnusamy","doi":"10.1002/jae.3055","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A recent finding establishes that second-place candidates perform substantially better over third-place candidates in future electoral races. We show that this estimated effect masks substantial heterogeneity with respect to the party affiliation of the candidates. Only runner-ups without a major party backing in election \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>t</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ t $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> have significant prospects over the third-place candidates in election \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>t</mi>\u0000 <mo>+</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ t&amp;amp;amp;#x0002B;1 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, in terms of either recontesting or winning. Our finding suggests that political parties and voters, while strategically coordinating on the runner-ups in election \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>t</mi>\u0000 <mo>+</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ t&amp;amp;amp;#x0002B;1 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, also take into account the party backing as a potential signal of their intrinsic quality.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corporate debt booms, financial constraints, and the investment nexus 企业债务繁荣、财务约束和投资关系
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Applied Econometrics Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1002/jae.3047
Bruno Albuquerque
{"title":"Corporate debt booms, financial constraints, and the investment nexus","authors":"Bruno Albuquerque","doi":"10.1002/jae.3047","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How do corporate debt booms affect investment? Using US firm-level data over 1984Q1–2019Q4, and an instrument for firm-specific debt booms that exploits systematic differences in firms' exposure to industry-level debt booms, I find that debt booms cause investment growth to decline over the medium term. This result is driven by the financial constraints channel: Vulnerable firms experience a higher cost of debt in the short run, lower stock returns, and an increase in indicators proxying financial risk. Vulnerable firms also cut their investment spending after a debt boom, irrespective of their growth opportunities. Finally, I find that congestion effects from vulnerable firms on healthy firms are amplified during debt booms, stressing the risk that debt booms in a subset of firms may spill over to the rest of the economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jae.3047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How does monetary policy affect income and wealth inequality? Evidence from quantitative easing in the euro area 货币政策如何影响收入和财富不平等？欧元区量化宽松政策的证据
IF 2.3 3区 经济学
Journal of Applied Econometrics Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1002/jae.3053
Michele Lenza, Jiri Slacalek
{"title":"How does monetary policy affect income and wealth inequality? Evidence from quantitative easing in the euro area","authors":"Michele Lenza,&nbsp;Jiri Slacalek","doi":"10.1002/jae.3053","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3053","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper evaluates the impact of quantitative easing on income and wealth of individual euro area households. We first estimate the aggregate effects of a quantitative easing (QE) shock, identified by means of external instruments, in a multi-country vector autoregression (VAR) model with unemployment, wages, gross operating surplus, interest rates, house prices, and stock prices. We then distribute the aggregate effects across households using a reduced-form simulation on micro-data, which captures the portfolio composition, the income composition, and the earnings heterogeneity channels of transmission. The earnings heterogeneity channel is important: QE compresses the income distribution because many households with lower incomes become employed. In contrast, monetary policy has only negligible effects on the Gini coefficient for wealth: While high-wealth households benefit from higher stock prices, middle-wealth households benefit from higher house prices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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