Knut Are Aastveit, Tuva Marie Fastbø, Eleonora Granziera, Kenneth Sæterhagen Paulsen, Kjersti Næss Torstensen
{"title":"Nowcasting Norwegian household consumption with debit card transaction data","authors":"Knut Are Aastveit, Tuva Marie Fastbø, Eleonora Granziera, Kenneth Sæterhagen Paulsen, Kjersti Næss Torstensen","doi":"10.1002/jae.3076","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We use a novel data set covering all domestic debit card transactions in physical terminals by Norwegian households, to nowcast quarterly Norwegian household consumption. These card payments data are not subject to revisions and are available weekly without delays, providing a valuable early indicator of household spending. To account for mixed-frequency data, we estimate various quantile mixed-data sampling (QMIDAS) regressions using predictors sampled at monthly and weekly frequency. We evaluate both point and density forecasting performance over the sample 2011Q4–2019Q4. Our results show that MIDAS regressions with debit card transactions data improve both point and density forecast accuracy over competitive standard benchmark models that use alternative high-frequency predictors. Finally, we illustrate the benefits of using the card payments data by obtaining a timely and relatively accurate nowcast of 2020Q1, a quarter characterized by heightened uncertainty due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We further show how debit card data have been useful in nowcasting consumption during the four subsequent quarters.</p>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":"39 7","pages":"1220-1244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jae.3076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141576252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Agglomerative hierarchical clustering for selecting valid instrumental variables","authors":"Nicolas Apfel, Xiaoran Liang","doi":"10.1002/jae.3078","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We propose a procedure that combines hierarchical clustering with a test of overidentifying restrictions for selecting valid instrumental variables (IV) from a large set of IVs. Some of these IVs may be invalid in that they fail the exclusion restriction. We show that if the largest group of IVs is valid, our method achieves oracle properties. Unlike existing techniques, our work deals with multiple endogenous regressors. Simulation results suggest an advantageous performance of the method in various settings. The method is applied to estimating the effect of immigration on wages.</p>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":"39 7","pages":"1201-1219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jae.3078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141576253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part-time subsidies and maternal reemployment: Evidence from a difference-in-differences analysis","authors":"Franziska Zimmert, Michael Zimmert","doi":"10.1002/jae.3072","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Employment interruptions of mothers are still one of the main causes for different labour market outcomes between women and men. Employment subsidies can incentivise mothers to shorten employment interruptions after childbirth. We examine a German parental leave reform incentivising an early return to part-time work. Exploiting the exogenous variation defined by the child's birthday, we apply unconditional difference-in-differences (DiD) estimation using administrative data. Machine learning augmented DiD estimation shows that our findings are robust to the inclusion of a large dictionary of potential covariates. Additionally, we estimate conditional effects in the DiD setting. Our results show that being eligible to the new regime yields positive average employment effects that are mainly driven by part-time employment. In particular, the increased attractiveness of part-time work does not cannibalise full-time employment. The policy creates heterogeneous incentives depending on the opportunity costs of working part time: especially mothers with middle income and prior part-time workers respond to the reform. Besides, diverging results for East and West Germany hint at the potential of a change in social norms.</p>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":"39 6","pages":"1149-1171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jae.3072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141549220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Explaining the decline of China's labor share: A wide replication of Oberfield and Raval (2021)","authors":"Hong Yang, Wen Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jae.3082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.3082","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>China's labor share has declined since late 1990s. Using the methodology developed by Oberfield and Raval, this paper estimates China's aggregate capital-labor elasticity of substitution, leveraging the estimated micro-level elasticities. The findings indicate that China's aggregate capital-labor elasticity falls within the range of 0.9 to 1. Utilizing this estimated aggregate elasticity for labor share decomposition, we find that the bias of technical change emerges as the predominant factor driving the decline in labor share.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":"39 6","pages":"1190-1197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identifying program benefits when participation is misreported","authors":"Denni Tommasi, Lina Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jae.3079","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3079","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In cases of noncompliance with an assigned treatment, estimates of causal effects typically rely on instrumental variables (IV). However, when participation is also misreported, the IV estimand may become a nonconvex combination of local average treatment effects that fails to satisfy even a minimal condition for being causal. The aim of our paper is to generalize the MR-LATE approach. This is an alternative IV estimand that is more robust in cases of noncompliance and nondifferential misclassification of the treatment variable. Our generalization is threefold: First, we incorporate discrete and multiple-discrete instrument(s); second, we consider the use of instrument(s) under a weaker, partial monotonicity condition; third, we provide a general inferential procedure. Under relatively stringent assumptions, MR-LATE is either identical to the IV estimand or less biased than the naïve IV estimand. Under less stringent assumptions, the MR-LATE estimand can identify the sign of the IV estimand. We conclude with the use of a dedicated Stata command, <span>ivreg2m,</span> to assess the return on education in the United Kingdom.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":"39 6","pages":"1123-1148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141528824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Testing for differences in survey-based density expectations: A compositional data approach","authors":"Jonas Dovern, Alexander Glas, Geoff Kenny","doi":"10.1002/jae.3080","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jae.3080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We propose to treat survey-based density expectations as compositional data when testing either for heterogeneity in density forecasts across different groups of agents or for changes over time. Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed test has more power relative to both a bootstrap approach based on the KLIC and an approach that involves multiple testing for differences of individual parts of the density. In addition, the test is computationally much faster than the KLIC-based one, which relies on simulations, and allows for comparisons across multiple groups. Using density expectations from the ECB Survey of Professional Forecasters and the US Survey of Consumer Expectations, we show the usefulness of the test in detecting possible changes in density expectations over time and across different types of forecasters.</p>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":"39 6","pages":"1104-1122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jae.3080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The propagation of business expectations within the European Union","authors":"Anja Sebbesen, Harald Oberhofer","doi":"10.1002/jae.3075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.3075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper empirically investigates the propagation of firm expectations within the European Union (EU). To this end, we combine information from EU-wide official business surveys with input–output data. Econometrically, we model interdependencies in economic activities via input–output linkages and apply space-time models with common factors. The resulting evidence provides indication for the existence of substantial spillover effects in expectation formation. They are transmitted both upstream and downstream the European value chain, but the latter channel matters more.</p>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":"39 6","pages":"1082-1103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jae.3075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandro Barbarino, Travis J. Berge, Andrea Stella
{"title":"The stability and economic relevance of output gap estimates","authors":"Alessandro Barbarino, Travis J. Berge, Andrea Stella","doi":"10.1002/jae.3062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.3062","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Output gaps that are estimated in real time can differ substantially from those estimated after the fact. We provide a comprehensive comparison of real-time output gap estimates, with the aim of understanding this real-time instability. Using a statistical decomposition, we find that including Okun's law relationship improves real-time stability by alleviating the end-point problem. Models that include the unemployment rate also produce output gaps with relevant economic content.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":"39 6","pages":"1065-1081"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantiles of the gain distribution of an early childhood intervention","authors":"Erich Battistin, Carlos Lamarche, Enrico Rettore","doi":"10.1002/jae.3071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.3071","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigate the distribution of gains among participants in the Infant Health and Development Program, an understudied randomized controlled trial that targets infants with low birth weight. Our primary focus is on assessing the effects in cognitive and health outcomes within distinct subgroups, which we define based on the outcomes that would occur in the absence of program participation. We propose a strategy to estimate the distribution of gains from the program by using anthropometrics measurements taken at birth, under the assumption that potential outcomes depend on underlying latent factors explaining neonatal health. Our findings reveal that the enhancements in cognitive and health outcomes at 36 months are not uniformly distributed among program participants. The variability in these effects can be attributed to several factors, including neonatal health, post-natal shocks, and family income.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":"39 6","pages":"1045-1064"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Featured Cover","authors":"Michael Bates, Seolah Kim","doi":"10.1002/jae.3077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.3077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the Research Article <i>Estimating the price elasticity of gasoline demand in correlated random coefficient models with endogeneity</i> by Michael Bates and Seolah Kim https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.3042.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":48363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Econometrics","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jae.3077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141315362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}