American Behavioral Scientist最新文献_第5页

From Talent to Expertise: Cultivating Medical Sensibilities Among War-Khasis in the Bangladesh–Northeast India Borderlands 从天赋到专长：在孟加拉国-印度东北部边境地区的战地 Khasis 人中培养医学情感

IF 3.2 2区文学

American Behavioral Scientist Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1177/00027642241246697

Éva Rozália Hölzle

{"title":"From Talent to Expertise: Cultivating Medical Sensibilities Among War-Khasis in the Bangladesh–Northeast India Borderlands","authors":"Éva Rozália Hölzle","doi":"10.1177/00027642241246697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642241246697","url":null,"abstract":"In War–Khasi villages situated at the border between Bangladesh and Northeast India, the local doctors are called nong sumar, or “the one who does the care.” Nong sumar is an inherited profession. Older male relatives who practice medicine pass on their medical knowledge to their younger relatives who demonstrate talent. Talent is a key requirement in transferring the art of healing. Older nong sumars closely observe their kin from childhood for this aptitude. Medical knowledge involving plant-based medicines and different physiotherapeutic techniques is passed on to members of the younger generation who show interest, responsibility, and empathy. However, such a predisposition does not guarantee that novice practitioners will become skilled doctors. To excel as a healer, a nong sumar must cultivate their talent through lifelong learning, which involves experimenting with various plant-based remedies and continuously honing their tactile and auditory senses deemed necessary for successful healing. This study focuses on the lifelong cultivation of medical talent through the accounts of three doctors living in a Bangladeshi War–Khasi village near the Tripura border. It investigates what medical talent means in this context and seeks to understand the type of knowledge that the three nong sumar mobilize during healing. The study argues that healing is not reducible to an encounter between the healer and the patient because such an encounter is merely one aspect of many in a healer’s vocation. During healing, a healer interacts not only with humans but also with non-humans, such as plants. To maintain these relationships, the healer activates and continuously hones various senses. Analyzing these processes provides insights into the constitution of medical knowledge through multiple senses and species.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140613737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moving Away, Moving Up, and Moving Back: Gender Dimensions of Social and Geographical Mobility in East Asia 迁离、迁升和迁回：东亚社会和地域流动的性别维度

IF 3.2 2区文学

American Behavioral Scientist Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1177/00027642241242948

Jing Song, Stevi Jackson

引用次数: 0

Between Scientific and Sensory Knowledge: Exploring the Enactment of Clay Sensibilities Among Clay Artists in Singapore 科学知识与感官知识之间：探索新加坡粘土艺术家对粘土的感性认识

IF 3.2 2区文学

American Behavioral Scientist Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1177/00027642241246686

Kelvin E. Y. Low, Suriani Suratman

{"title":"Between Scientific and Sensory Knowledge: Exploring the Enactment of Clay Sensibilities Among Clay Artists in Singapore","authors":"Kelvin E. Y. Low, Suriani Suratman","doi":"10.1177/00027642241246686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642241246686","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores how clay artists in Singapore utilize both their scientific and sensory knowledge of clay-making in producing clay works. Based on a study of the biographies and sensory experiences of clay artists, clay artists rely simultaneously on their scientific knowledge and understanding of clay firing processes, temperatures, and glazing, together with their sensory judgment and experience of the same set of processes, to produce clay works of different design, effect, and form. Thermoreceptive understanding and knowledge of how clay reacts and behaves toward the different styles of firing are deployed by clay artists through both a scientific calibration of temperature, as well as one’s sensory evaluation—including visual and sonic judgments—of fire-control toward producing intended textures and forms. Through making sense of how scientific and sensory knowledges are concurrently enacted but not without contradictions, we make a case for how creative clay work-making straddles across different domains of learning, knowledge use, teaching, and evaluation emerging through kairotic moments. The article contributes to extant debates on art worlds, material culture, sensory knowledges, and embodied experiences through clay work as a medium of analysis.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140613741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influencing People’s Populist Attitudes With Rhetoric and Emotions: An Online Experiment in the United States 用修辞和情感影响人们的民粹主义态度：美国的一项在线实验

IF 3.2 2区文学

American Behavioral Scientist Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1177/00027642241240359

Clark Demasi, Jennifer McCoy, Levente Littvay

{"title":"Influencing People’s Populist Attitudes With Rhetoric and Emotions: An Online Experiment in the United States","authors":"Clark Demasi, Jennifer McCoy, Levente Littvay","doi":"10.1177/00027642241240359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642241240359","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in populist voters has risen with the election of Donald Trump in the United States, the rise of right-wing populist parties in Europe, and the longevity of populist leaders in countries like Italy, Hungary, Turkey, and Venezuela. Yet, little attention has been given to what mechanisms may affect populist attitudes, leaving us without recommendations for media or politicians on how to mitigate populism’s known negative effects. This study investigates one such mechanism—political rhetoric working through emotional states—to determine whether grievances centered on subjective perceptions of injustice and inequities in the system operate through negative emotions to increase populist attitudes, as is often assumed in the literature, and whether an antidote to those perceptions may be found in a sense of solidarity and mutual support. For our analysis, we conducted a nationally representative online survey experiment of 2,006 respondents in the United States in November 2018. Broadly, we find evidence that negative emotional states increase populist attitudes, but positive emotions do not have an impact. Likewise, political rhetoric reinforcing a sense of unfair advantage for some people further increases populist attitudes. Importantly, we find that reducing these negative emotions by emphasizing solidarity can reduce populist attitudes. These findings not only deepen our understanding of the triggers of populism, but also take the first step in building a tested toolbox of strategies to minimize its negative effects.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140613592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rally Around the Government or a Populist Response? How Concerns About COVID-19 and Emotional Responses Relate to Institutional Trust and Support for Right-Wing Populism 团结在政府周围还是民粹主义回应？对 COVID-19 的关注和情绪反应如何与机构信任和对右翼民粹主义的支持相关联

IF 3.2 2区文学

American Behavioral Scientist Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1177/00027642241240418

Ekaterina Lytkina, Tim Reeskens

{"title":"Rally Around the Government or a Populist Response? How Concerns About COVID-19 and Emotional Responses Relate to Institutional Trust and Support for Right-Wing Populism","authors":"Ekaterina Lytkina, Tim Reeskens","doi":"10.1177/00027642241240418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642241240418","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have shown that the coronavirus pandemic not only temporarily increased support for incumbent politicians and trust in experts but also triggered an authoritarian response. Because the pandemic has significantly affected individuals’ goals, needs, and control over their lives, we expect that it has generated emotional reactions. In this article, we study how concerns about COVID-19 relate to institutional trust (trust in political institutions and experts) and a preference for populist right parties—directly and indirectly—via emotions. Our theoretical framework relies on the “rally around the flag” hypothesis, the cultural backlash theory, as well as appraisal theories of emotions. We analyze a novel data set collected as part of the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences Panel Survey for the Netherlands at the beginning of the second wave of the pandemic (October 2020). Our findings reveal that concerns about COVID-19 are positively related to institutional trust but unrelated to preferences for right-wing populism. The relationship between concerns about the coronavirus crisis and trust in political institutions is mediated via fear and sadness; these emotions also explain opposition to right-wing populist parties. We interpret our findings in relation to research on the rally around the flag effect, right-wing populism, and emotions. We discuss the implications of our results in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and other “rally”-inducing events.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Moral Indignation to Affective Citizenship: Public Shaming of Celebrity Emigration from Russia During the War Against Ukraine 从道德愤怒到情感公民：对乌克兰战争期间名人移民俄罗斯的公开羞辱

IF 3.2 2区文学

American Behavioral Scientist Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1177/00027642241240350

Julia Lerner, Svetlana Stephenson

{"title":"From Moral Indignation to Affective Citizenship: Public Shaming of Celebrity Emigration from Russia During the War Against Ukraine","authors":"Julia Lerner, Svetlana Stephenson","doi":"10.1177/00027642241240350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642241240350","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the public shaming campaigns that followed celebrity emigration from Russia at the beginning of the war against Ukraine. It shows that celebrity emigration represented a challenge to the construction of a nation morally and emotionally united around the war. The special status of celebrities in modern society as figures that provide the public with a focus of common identification and attention makes celebrity emigration during the war particularly challenging both for the state authorities and for the public. Through systematic analysis of commentary on social media, the article reveals the communicative process of public shaming of these public figures, which works through acts of revelation of their moral failure and othering, including by highlighting their ethnic and class differences. By expressing moral outrage, individual commenters on social media are not only conducting symbolic destruction of these celebrities’ moral character and social status, but also reconstituting the moral meaning of emigration as an act of betrayal of the Motherland. Using the affordances of social media, ordinary people not only express their outrage but also formulate how they see the proper moral commitments and appropriate feelings of patriotic citizens in wartime. Their moral rhetoric and affective expressions are anchored in the well-established Soviet tradition of public shaming and denunciation. They are also framed by the contemporary context of emotional and confrontational social media campaigns.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Three-Pronged Resentment: How Status Insecurity, Relative Deprivation, and Powerlessness Mediate Between Social Positions and Populist Attitudes 三管齐下的怨恨：地位不安全感、相对剥夺感和无力感如何在社会地位与民粹主义态度之间起中介作用

IF 3.2 2区文学

American Behavioral Scientist Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1177/00027642241240362

Koen Abts, Julius Maximilian Rogenhofer

{"title":"Three-Pronged Resentment: How Status Insecurity, Relative Deprivation, and Powerlessness Mediate Between Social Positions and Populist Attitudes","authors":"Koen Abts, Julius Maximilian Rogenhofer","doi":"10.1177/00027642241240362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642241240362","url":null,"abstract":"Populist attitudes are frequently tied to a specific social position, namely the constituent’s status as a “loser of globalization.” Adding nuance to this explanatory framework, we investigate whether and how resentment mediates between social positions and populist attitudes. We distinguish three constitutive components of resentment—status insecurity, relative deprivation, and powerlessness—and analyze to what extent these sentiments explain the prevalence of two key populist attitudes: anti-elitism and demands for popular sovereignty. Using survey data from the Belgian National Election Study 2014, we show that although both populist attitudes are more likely among individuals of low socioeconomic status, this effect is mediated by a sense of group relative deprivation (anti-elitism and popular sovereignty) and feelings of powerlessness (anti-elitism). The effect of individual-level status insecurities on populist attitudes is, however, not significant. These results suggest that people do not simply adhere to antagonistic and people-centric views about politics because they experience economic precariousness; they embrace populist attitudes if their vulnerability is perceived in terms of a threatened sense of group position and understood as the outcome of an unjust society, wherein they feel powerless to alter their circumstances.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Passion for Virtue? Appeals to Morality and Emotions in European Parliament Climate Change Debates 对美德的热情？欧洲议会气候变化辩论中的道德和情感诉求

IF 3.2 2区文学

American Behavioral Scientist Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1177/00027642241242036

Rosa Sanchez Salgado, Linda Bos

引用次数: 0

Polarized Populists: Dark Campaigns, Affective Polarization, and the Moderating Role of Populist Attitudes 两极分化的民粹主义者：黑暗竞选、情感两极分化以及民粹主义态度的调节作用

IF 3.2 2区文学

American Behavioral Scientist Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1177/00027642241242056

Alessandro Nai, Jürgen Maier

{"title":"Polarized Populists: Dark Campaigns, Affective Polarization, and the Moderating Role of Populist Attitudes","authors":"Alessandro Nai, Jürgen Maier","doi":"10.1177/00027642241242056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642241242056","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the antecedents of affective polarization in the American public, and focus specifically on the driving role of exposure to darker forms of campaign communication (negativity, incivility, populist rhetoric) and the intervening role of individual populist attitudes. Experimental evidence was gathered among a sample of US respondents (MTurk, N = 1,081); respondents were randomly exposed to a campaign message from a fictive candidate framed either positively or negatively, and afterwards asked to express their attitudes towards Democrats and Republicans. Results show that exposure to harsher forms of campaign negativity (character attacks associated with political incivility and populist messages) drives affective polarization upwards when compared to exposure to positive messages. We also show both a direct and moderating effect of populist attitudes: populist individuals are more likely to “like” negative campaign messages (they find them more amusing and fairer) and report higher levels of affective polarization. Furthermore, exposure to negative messages is associated with greater affective polarization particularly among respondents high in populist attitudes.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Legitimate Transaction? Regulating Commercial International Marriage Brokers in South Korea 合法交易？韩国对商业性国际婚姻中介的监管

IF 3.2 2区文学

American Behavioral Scientist Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1177/00027642241242744

Sohoon Yi

引用次数: 0