Joel Busher, Julia Ebner, Zsófia Hacsek, Gareth Harris, Graham Macklin
{"title":"The Relational Dynamics of Violence Escalation and Inhibition During Far-Right Protest Waves","authors":"Joel Busher, Julia Ebner, Zsófia Hacsek, Gareth Harris, Graham Macklin","doi":"10.1177/00027642251377875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642251377875","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how interactions between far-right protestors, counter-protestors and other actors, including the police, lead towards and away from violence that exceeds normal levels relative to the groups under analysis. Based on four cases (Dover, United Kingdom 2015–2016; Sunderland, United Kingdom 2016–2018; Charlottesville, United States 2016–2017; Chemnitz, Germany 2018), and integrating interactionist approaches with relational and processual analysis, the article describes a series of violence-enabling and violence-inhibiting mechanisms and discusses how this framework can enhance understanding of the violence dynamics of waves of far-right protests. The article (a) reiterates the importance of mechanisms at the situational level, but shows how these can profitably be understood as part of relational processes that develop across and beyond waves of contention; (b) highlights the value of integrating analysis of violence-enabling and violence-inhibiting mechanisms; (c) identifies blind-spots in movement-centric relational models and proposes a solution; and (d) introduces the idea that different protest ecologies – “movement-marginalised” and “movement-emboldened” – can produce different violence pathways.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147892150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Navigating Opposition: Counterprotest Influence on White Supremacist Mobilization and Tactics","authors":"Alessandro Giuseppe Drago, Zitian Sun","doi":"10.1177/00027642251377542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642251377542","url":null,"abstract":"How do white supremacist organizations respond, strategize, and understand counterprotests? With a unique dataset of 2 million chat messages from 2016 to 2020, we argue that white supremacist groups struggle to mitigate the harmful effects of counterprotesters. On the one hand, counterprotesters increase the collective action costs for white supremacists, forcing them to adopt avoidance tactics, such as organizing secretive or less visible rallies. Yet such evasive strategies often hinder efforts to mobilize large numbers of supporters. On the other hand, in an effort to maximize security, white supremacist groups may equip participants with protective gear or weapons. While this approach enhances preparedness, it simultaneously damages their public image by amplifying the movement’s social stigma. Moreover, their perceptions of counterprotester threats play a crucial role in shaping both their tactical choices and broader strategic orientations. Our findings shed light on the interconnectedness of these dynamics, offering new insights into countermovements.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147889264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global Financial Shocks and American Elites: Income and Wealth of the One Percent in the United States, 1989 to 2022.","authors":"Lisa A Keister, Hang Young Lee","doi":"10.1177/00027642251314628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642251314628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extreme levels of inequality have drawn increasing attention to those at the top of the income and wealth distributions, and the United States is home to some of the world's most affluent and influential households. A robust literature on economic elites in the United States documented details about their incomes and wealth prior to 2019, but it is unclear how recent economic shocks affected their financial resources and the distribution of income and wealth among U.S. households more broadly. We contribute to the literatures on elite households and global political economies by exploring the association between the global economic shock that accompanied the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic and U.S. income and wealth. We use data from the 1989-2022 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) to provide details regarding changing inequality and the incomes and wealth of the top one percent of households. We explore changes in income sources (e.g., wage, business, capital) and wealth components (e.g., real estate, financial assets) to identify reasons for changing resource composition. We study how the demographics-age and education-of the one percent have changed, and we also explore whether the double-rich-those with both top incomes and top wealth-have changed. Our results are among the first to document the current concentration of economic resources in the United States and underscore the need to incorporate global processes in understanding inequalities in major economies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12381793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144974619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Satellite Political Movements: How Grassroots Activists Bolster Trump and Bolsonaro in the United States and Brazil","authors":"Elizabeth McKenna, Catharina O’Donnell","doi":"10.1177/00027642241267939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642241267939","url":null,"abstract":"We develop the concept of the satellite political movement (SPM), a form of movement-party interaction that emerges in support of a particular political leader. We theorize SPMs as grassroots movements that seek to empower a formal political figure by engaging in activism on that individual’s behalf. Examining the cases of Donald Trump in the United States and Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil, we suggest that SPMs may serve as a valuable resource for insurgent political leaders by engaging in year-round campaigning, activating new supporters, and providing political cover for more controversial tactics. We analyze social media content, legal documents, and contemporaneous reporting to illustrate the actors within SPMs, their relationships to the formal political leader they support, and three theoretical mechanisms through which SPMs may bolster political leaders: permanent campaign, radicalism by proxy, and strategic separation.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reading the Tea Leaves: Question Wording and Public Support for the Tea Party Movement","authors":"Bryce D. Summary, Camille Mumford","doi":"10.1177/00027642241269907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642241269907","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of the Tea Party in 2009 was a pivotal moment in American politics signaling a right-ward shift among Republican Party primary voters that would later help Donald J. Trump secure the Republican nomination for president in 2016. This article looks back in time analyzing public opinion data concerning the Tea Party movement from 2010 to 2011 examining how opinions changed over time. Specifically, two types of questions are used to plot views of the Tea Party over time: those gauging the favorability of, and support for, the movement. Findings show a decline in Tea Party support over time, with support peaking in November of 2010. This study also examines the influence of question wording on opinions of the Tea Party finding that support or favorability toward the Tea Party movement can vary significantly, depending on the options given to respondents. The implications of these results for the Tea Party movement, and the measurement of public opinion, are also explored.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Articulations of StrongMen: A Knowledge Cultural Sociology of Recognizing Autocratic Practices in Russian, Turkish, and Global Regimes","authors":"N. Yasemin Bavbek, Michael D. Kennedy","doi":"10.1177/00027642241268221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642241268221","url":null,"abstract":"Autocracies and their practices have figured prominently in modernity’s making and associated sociologies, but in the 21st century the discourse of StrongMen has surged, coming to dominate our “attention economy.” We consider its various expressions alongside its articulations referencing multiple spaces and consider it a “floating signifier” that appears to explain but in fact distracts from deeper causalities and possible effects of autocratic governance. In this knowledge cultural sociology, we explore how the concept of StrongMen works within nations, with antipodes, and in networks across global and historical conjunctures. We focus in the end on Erdoğan’s 2023 re-election and Putin’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, identifying not only the practices that make them StrongMen, but also how the very concept becomes part of the toolkit implicated in recognizing their autocratic practices.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wolves in Sheep’s Clothing: The Autocratic Subversion of Brazil’s Fourth Estate","authors":"Luiza Monetti","doi":"10.1177/00027642241268346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642241268346","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the strategies modern-day autocrats use to delegitimate the press as a means of consolidating power, including in democratic states. Using content analysis and Brazil as a case study, I examine Bolsonaro’s online discourse on X and YouTube, during the second half of his administration (January 2021–December 2022). I argue that Bolsonaro endeavors to promote an image of the press that centers on three elements: unreliability, obsolescence, and being an enemy to the people. The delegitimation of the press through discursive, insidious means suggests a change in the way autocrats exercise power. Rather than deploying the repressive tactics of old, modern autocrats are updating their toolbox to monopolize power while enjoying the legitimacy normally granted by democratic norms. These findings raise questions about the dispersion of authoritarian practices in supposed democracies.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transforming the Legacy of Colonial and Racialized Inequities in Childcare Systems in the United States: (Re)Framing Futures Through Black Feminist Thought","authors":"Flora Harmon, Michelle Salazar Pérez","doi":"10.1177/00027642241268575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642241268575","url":null,"abstract":"Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) and childcare systems in the United States have been grounded in colonial and racist origins and capitalistic frameworks, and continue to contribute to contemporary inequities. In this article, we suggest a reframing of ECEC, one inspired by Black feminist thought that problematizes economic rationales for childcare, and the devaluing of educator knowledges, especially educators of color. Through a discussion of Black Feminist Care and professional learning as one site of transformation, we illustrate how Black feminisms can uproot oppressive systems, disrupting and transforming childcare in a way that is anti-racist and equitable.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Tools of Autocracy Worldwide: Authoritarian Networks, the Façade of Democracy, and Neo-Repression","authors":"Deisy Del Real, Cecilia Menjívar","doi":"10.1177/00027642241267926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642241267926","url":null,"abstract":"This special double issue identifies the tools and conditions that allow (re)emerging autocrats to undermine democratic traditions and constrain civil rights across the world. In our introduction, we posit that identifying the tools of the established, emerging, and aspiring authoritarians in today’s world is vital, theoretically and practically. It allows us to identify common denominators across specific contexts to advance knowledge about the features and risks that authoritarian regimes pose today. It also permits us to reveal the inter-state and transnational expert networks through which autocrats share strategies, information, and resources to remain in power. Through a global and comparative lens, we thematically organize the articles’ key findings. The articles reveal a set of tools of authoritarianism that (re)emerging autocrats use to control media to manipulate public perceptions and delegitimize opponents and critics, seek to maintain the legitimacy of a democratic rule by aligning with “grassroots” social movements composed of extremists and hate organized groups, redefine the meaning of democracy, and use a range of repressive methods domestically and abroad, all while maintaining a façade of democracy. This special issue also captures variation in the successful deployment of autocratic tools as authors caution against equating conditions across different autocratic regimes. We bookend the special issue with a brief reflection on populism on the left and right and what it means for the main themes of the special issue.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anti-Corruption Initiatives and the Digital Challenge: The Role of Civil Society Organizations and Whistleblowing Infrastructures in the Italian Context","authors":"Alice Fubini, Alessandra Lo Piccolo","doi":"10.1177/00027642241268590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642241268590","url":null,"abstract":"Civil society organizations increasingly rely on digital technologies to intervene in the whistleblowing process and advance their anti-corruption goals. However, scholars have yet to investigate how civil society organizations’ use of digital technologies impacts their role as whistleblowing actors and what consequences this might entail. Moving from this gap, the article explores how civil society organizations exploit digital technologies to intervene in the whistleblowing process and how their use of digital technologies affects patterns of interactions with institutional actors in the whistleblowing process. The article combines situational and thematic analysis to investigate three whistleblowing initiatives deployed by Italian civil society organizations: Linea Libera, the Advocacy and Legal Advice Centre for Whistleblowers, and Whistleblowing PA. The results show that grassroots whistleblowing initiatives are more than just services or tools but represent whistleblowing infrastructures, running on more or less sophisticated technologies, which grant their developers a role as low- or high-tech intermediaries in the whistleblowing process, in turn affecting the relational dynamics between grassroots and institutional actors and civil society organizations’ influence over the whistleblowing process.","PeriodicalId":48360,"journal":{"name":"American Behavioral Scientist","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}