Behavior Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Prolonged Grief Symptoms Predict Social and Emotional Loneliness and Depression Symptoms","authors":"Maarten C. Eisma,&nbsp;Asuman Buyukcan-Tetik","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.04.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.04.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A minority of bereaved individuals develops severe, persistent, and disabling grief, termed “prolonged grief.” The <em>International Classification of Diseases</em>, eleventh edition (ICD-11) and the <em>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</em>, fifth edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR) include such grief reactions as prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Loneliness is often experienced by bereaved persons and can have severe health consequences. Preliminary research suggests that loneliness may perpetuate grief, but prolonged grief may also aggravate loneliness. Since existing empirical research provides limited information on temporal relationships between both constructs, we aimed to fill this gap in knowledge. Bereaved adults (88% female, mean age 54 years) filled in questionnaires assessing general, social, and emotional loneliness and prolonged grief and depression symptoms across two time points, 6 months apart. Cross-lagged panel model analyses showed that prolonged grief symptoms predicted more severe general, social, and emotional loneliness, as well as more depression symptoms. Loneliness did not predict prolonged grief symptoms and depression symptoms. Depression symptoms did not predict prolonged grief symptoms and loneliness. Additionally, latent change score analyses demonstrated that within person changes in prolonged grief symptoms and loneliness were related. Findings are inconsistent with the notion that loneliness causes prolonged grief and depression. Possibly, severe grief could lead to stigmatization, reduced social support, and feeling socially disconnected, perpetuating loneliness and depression symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"56 1","pages":"Pages 121-132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141024574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress in Caregivers of Youth Hospitalized for Suicide Ideation or Attempt","authors":"Valerie J. Micol,&nbsp;Alejandra Arango,&nbsp;Cheryl A. King,&nbsp;Ewa K. Czyz","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.04.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.04.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Youth hospitalizations for suicide risk-related concerns are increasing. The postdischarge time is a high-risk period for repeated suicide attempts and represents a vulnerable time for youth and their caregivers. However, little is known about caregiving stress during this time and what factors influence its levels. This study characterizes caregiving stress across 3 months following discharge among caregivers (74% biological mothers) of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents (<em>N</em> = 80; ages 13–17 years) and explores its baseline and time-varying predictors. Participants completed measures at baseline and 1- and 3-month follow-ups. Caregivers completed measures of caregiving stress, caregiver self-efficacy, and depression/anxiety symptoms. Youth completed measures of depression along with a measure of parent–family connection. Youth suicidal ideation (SI) severity was assessed at all time points. Results: Caregiver-reported stress was high at hospitalization and decreased linearly after discharge. Regarding baseline factors, greater youth depression symptoms were associated with higher levels of caregiving stress over time. Regarding time-varying predictors, greater increases in caregiver depression/anxiety symptoms and greater SI severity in the first month after discharge were associated with greater caregiving stress over the follow-up period. This study adds to the growing literature focused on caregiving experiences in a high-risk population. Although caregiving stress tended to decrease posthospitalization, on average, certain caregiver and adolescent characteristics, particularly those related to internalizing symptoms, emerged as important markers of greater caregiving stress during this high-risk period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"56 1","pages":"Pages 110-120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141052398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Psychological Response to Pandemics: Further Psychometric Investigation of the COVID Stress Scales","authors":"David L. Yap,&nbsp;Evelyn Behar","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID Stress Scales (CSS; Taylor et al., 2020b) were developed as a measure of stress related to any pandemic, making it a valuable self-report measure for potential future large-scale infectious disease outbreaks. Although the initial validation study of the CSS indicated evidence of its psychometric strength, further assessment is warranted of the measure’s retest reliability, the long-term stability of its five-factor structure, discriminant validity, and its relationship with pandemic-related risk and precautionary behaviors. We examined these psychometric elements of the CSS using longitudinal data collected from a nationally representative sample of adults (N = 205) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate moderate retest reliability that is consistent with changing rates of morbidity. Results also support the five-factor structure and demonstrate convergent validity, discriminant validity, and the ability to predict relevant behavioral responses to an active pandemic. Use of the CSS for future pandemics is discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"56 1","pages":"Pages 57-69"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140792089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Examination of Sympathetic Magic as a Psychological Endophenotype for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder","authors":"Sarah C. Jessup,&nbsp;Alexandra M. Adamis,&nbsp;Bunmi O. Olatunji","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although sympathetic magic (SM) beliefs (i.e., irrational understanding of contagion transmission) are observed in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), it is unclear if such beliefs are psychological endophenotypes. Furthermore, predictors of SM beliefs in OCD remain unknown. Accordingly, the present study examined whether SM beliefs function as an endophenotype for OCD and whether perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD) contributes to SM beliefs. A sample of 30 individuals with OCD, 26 first-degree relatives, and 25 age-matched healthy controls completed self-report questionnaires and a SM task where we touched a clean pencil to a “contaminated” toilet, and rated the degree to which the pencil was contaminated. A second pencil was touched to the first pencil and was then rated. This process was continued for 12 pencils (12 degrees of removal from contagion). Results revealed no significant differences in the extent to which the three groups perceived a “chain of contagion” (i.e., contamination slopes) for the successive degrees of removal from the original contagion. However, the OCD group reported significantly less contamination reduction on the task, a group difference that was mediated by PVD. These findings suggest that although SM beliefs may not be an OCD endophenotype, such beliefs may derive from a PVD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"56 1","pages":"Pages 83-94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140757283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Network Control Theory of Dynamic Systems Approach to Personalize Therapy","authors":"Stefan G. Hofmann","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contemporary latent disease models of psychopathology have shown limited clinical utility and the efficacy of conventional treatments have been disappointing. An alternative approach offers the network approach and a dynamic systems perspective to psychopathology and treatment change. To understand and modify dynamic systems, engineering and mathematics have been relying on principles of network control theory. This article will discuss the application of network control theory of dynamic systems approach to personalize therapy. Network control theory can be used as a guide for personalizing treatment by choosing the most promising intervention strategy targeting the change processes based on the network structure. A composit case illustration will demonstrate the principles and application of network control theory to therapy in practice within the framework of process-based therapy. In conclusion, a network control theory of dynamic systems approach is highly relevant and applicable to clinical science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"56 1","pages":"Pages 199-212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Single-Session Intervention to Reduce Training Psychologists’ Burnout","authors":"Briana S. Last ,&nbsp;Laura K. Jans ,&nbsp;Jessica L. Schleider","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Professional psychology trainees often experience burnout during their clinical training. In a pilot randomized controlled trial, we tested the feasibility, acceptability, utility, and preliminary efficacy of a 10-minute, online single-session intervention (SSI), designed to address burnout, hopelessness, and perceived agency in psychology trainees. In March 2023, 151 doctoral students with symptoms of stress or burnout in accredited, U.S.-based professional psychology programs were randomized to either the SSI (<em>n</em> = 74) or an active control condition (<em>n</em> = 77). Immediately post-SSI, 98.5% of participants endorsed the SSI as likely helpful for their patients and 92.5% wanted more information on how to deliver it; at 2-week follow-up, 48.4% had used the SSI in their own life, and 16.1%, with a patient. On average, participants rated the SSI as <em>somewhat</em> helpful; feeling <em>somewhat</em> hopeful and <em>somewhat</em> motivated to use their SSI-driven action plan; and that they would <em>mostly</em> recommend the SSI to others. No significant cross-condition differences emerged in participants’ reported burnout, hopelessness, or perceived agency at post-intervention or at follow-up, though effect sizes for these primary outcomes were generally in expected directions (<em>d</em>s = 0.01–0.36). In response to secondary outcome measures, SSI participants (versus control participants) reported <em>perceiving</em> significantly larger immediate improvements in hopelessness (<em>d</em> = 0.87), their problem-solving ability (<em>d</em> = 0.85), and their ability to help patients solve problems (<em>d</em> = 0.71). Overall, findings were inconclusive regarding the SSI’s effects on overall burnout, hopelessness, and agency; however, the SSI appeared to support trainees’ interest in SSI delivery and real-world use, both with themselves and with their patients. Participant feedback provided helpful guidance to inform SSI refinement, and potential best-uses, before larger-scale evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"56 1","pages":"Pages 162-176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141411572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptom Profiles and Intensive Treatment Outcomes in Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Patients With OCD","authors":"Caitlin M. Pinciotti,&nbsp;Brian A. Feinstein,&nbsp;Monnica T. Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sexual minority (SM) individuals appear to be at greater risk for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Despite this, little is known about OCD presentation and treatment outcomes among SM individuals. Although some research has suggested that SM individuals may be more likely to endorse intrusive thoughts related to violence/sex/religion compared to heterosexual individuals, extant literature has neglected to examine potential differences across different SM groups, a notable limitation given the apparent differences in the types of minority stress that each group experiences and the unique health disparities affecting each group. The current study sought to address these gaps by examining potential differences in OCD symptom severity, presentation, and treatment outcomes using analysis of variance and profile analysis in a clinical sample of 1,502 cisgender patients diagnosed with OCD enrolled in intensive OCD treatment (87.5% heterosexual, 6.6% bisexual, 4.7% lesbian or gay, and 1.1% questioning). Replicating previous research, neither OCD severity nor treatment outcomes differed by sexual orientation, and findings extended previous research that no differences across SM groups were observed, either. However, contrary to previous research, there was also no evidence for unique profiles of OCD symptoms across sexual orientation groups, and questioning individuals reported significantly less severe symmetry symptoms compared to heterosexual and bisexual individuals. Findings are encouraging in that they suggest that cisgender bisexual, lesbian or gay, and questioning individuals with OCD can still benefit significantly and to the same degree as their cisgender heterosexual peers in intensive OCD treatment. Potential explanations for conflicting findings regarding symptom profiles are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"56 1","pages":"Pages 16-31"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142203260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement in Distress Tolerance as a Mechanism of Symptom Reduction During Intensive Exposure and Response Prevention–Based Treatment for OCD","authors":"Donald A. Godfrey,&nbsp;Allison Heinrich,&nbsp;Elizabeth McIngvale,&nbsp;Jennifer Sy,&nbsp;Michael G. Wheaton,&nbsp;Thröstur Björgvinsson","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2023.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2023.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is an effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), yet the specific underlying mechanisms by which ERP improves symptoms remain unclear. Initial theories suggested that habituation to triggering events and stimuli was the key therapeutic factor in ERP, while other theories highlight the role of developing the ability to tolerate distress, rather than reduction of distress. The current study examined improvements in distress tolerance as a mechanism of OCD, anxiety, and depressive symptom reductions during an ERP-based intensive program. Participants (<em>N</em> = 180) completed weekly measures of distress intolerance, and symptom severity of OCD, anxiety, and depression. Using Multi-Level Structural Equation Modeling, we found that participants experienced significant weekly decreases in OCD, anxiety, and depressive symptom severity across the course of their ERP-based treatment. Weekly reductions in OCD symptom severity were partially accounted for by weekly improvements in participants’ ability to tolerate distress, particularly for obsession symptoms. This effect was also significant for anxiety and depressive symptom severity, above and beyond the effects of weekly reductions in OCD symptom severity. The current study suggests improving the ability to tolerate distress represents a transdiagnostic mechanism of symptom severity reduction in OCD, anxiety, and depressive psychopathology via intensive ERP-based psychotherapy programming. Limitations and future directions for improving treatments for OCD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"56 1","pages":"Pages 43-56"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139084391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective Relationships Among Depression and Perceived Opportunity in Juvenile Offenders","authors":"Michael F. Sandella,&nbsp;Gavin N. Rackoff,&nbsp;Michelle G. Newman","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among juveniles in the justice system, depression and perceived opportunity have implications for long-term adjustment. The prospective associations between these two constructs have not yet been examined in this population. We studied the longitudinal association between depression and perceived opportunity in a sample of recently adjudicated juvenile offenders. Juvenile offenders (<em>n</em> = 1,354) completed measures of depression and perceived opportunity shortly after adjudication and then every 6 months thereafter for 3 years (7 time points total). Relative to White juvenile offenders, lower average levels of perceived opportunity were observed among Black, Hispanic, and juveniles of other races/ethnicities. A random-intercept cross-lagged panel model revealed that greater depression was associated with lower subsequent perceived opportunity (<em>d</em> = -0.22, <em>p</em> &lt; .001). Higher perceived opportunity did not predict subsequent depression (<em>d</em> = -0.07, <em>p</em> = .208). The nonexperimental design prevented inferences about causal links between depression and perceived opportunity. Results should also be replicated in a recently collected dataset. Findings suggested a scar-like effect, such that depression was unidirectionally and negatively associated with lower future perceived opportunity among juveniles. Future research should investigate if treatment for depression improves juvenile offenders’ perceived opportunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"56 1","pages":"Pages 177-191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State and Trait Disgust Uniquely Predict Avoidance in Contamination Fear: Specificity of Disease-Specific and Nonspecific Individual Differences","authors":"Bunmi O. Olatunji,&nbsp;Qimin Liu,&nbsp;Kelly A. Knowles,&nbsp;Sarah C. Jessup","doi":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.beth.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although behavioral avoidance is observed among those with heightened contamination concerns, the extent to which such avoidance is best predicted by state and/or trait characteristics is unclear. Furthermore, while disgust proneness is a disease-specific trait that has been shown to predict avoidance among those with symptoms of contamination-based obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), it is unclear if other disease-specific traits may also serve a similar function. In the present study, contamination-fearful participants (<em>N</em> = 89) first completed self-report measures of disease-specific (disgust proneness, health anxiety, perceived vulnerability to disease) and disease-nonspecific (intolerance of uncertainty, trait anxiety) traits. They then completed a 16-step behavioral approach task (BAT) with increasing likelihood of contagion in a public restroom and provided ratings of state disgust and state anxiety at each step. Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression showed that state disgust, but not state anxiety, at a given step was associated with avoidance on the next step. Furthermore, disgust proneness was the only trait associated with avoidance on the BAT. A significant interaction between disgust proneness and BAT step completed in the public restroom was also found. Examination of this interaction suggests that intermediary, but not initial and latter, steps of the BAT differentiate those high and low in disgust proneness. These findings suggest that state and trait disgust uniquely drive behavioral avoidance among those with contamination concerns commonly observed in OCD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48359,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Therapy","volume":"56 1","pages":"Pages 32-42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141944389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}