Social Science Research最新文献_第9页

Race, disadvantage, and violence: A spatial exploration of macrolevel covariates of police-involved homicides within and between US counties 种族、劣势和暴力：对美国县内和县际涉及警察的凶杀案宏观协变量的空间探索

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.102985

Kyle D. Maksuta , Yunhan Zhao , Tse-Chuan Yang

{"title":"Race, disadvantage, and violence: A spatial exploration of macrolevel covariates of police-involved homicides within and between US counties","authors":"Kyle D. Maksuta , Yunhan Zhao , Tse-Chuan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.102985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.102985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Efforts to explore the macrolevel determinants of police-involved homicides have expanded in recent years due in part to increased scrutiny and media attention to such events, and increased data availability of these events through crowdsourced databases. However, little empirical research has examined the spatial determinants of such events. The present study extends the extant macrolevel research on police-involved homicides by employing an underutilized spatial econometric model, the spatial Durbin model (SDM), to assess the direct and indirect county effects of racial threat, economic threat, social disorganization, and community violence on police killings within and between US counties from 2013 through 2020. Results indicate a direct inverse relationship between racial threat and police-involved homicides, no support for economic threat, and a direct positive association with two measures of social disorganization. Additionally, we find firearm availability exhibits significant direct and indirect spatial dependence on focal county police-involved homicides, reflecting spatial spillover processes. In essence, as firearm availability in neighboring counties increases, police-involved homicides within a focal county increase. The implications of these findings for racial threat, economic threat, social disorganization, and community violence are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102985"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139700347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Teacher's social desirability bias and Migrant students: A study on explicit and implicit prejudices with a list experiment 教师的社会可取性偏见与移民学生：通过列表实验研究显性和隐性偏见

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.102990

M. Constanza Ayala , Andrew Webb , Luis Maldonado , Andrea Canales , Eduardo Cascallar

{"title":"Teacher's social desirability bias and Migrant students: A study on explicit and implicit prejudices with a list experiment","authors":"M. Constanza Ayala , Andrew Webb , Luis Maldonado , Andrea Canales , Eduardo Cascallar","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.102990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.102990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Scholarly research has consistently shown that teachers present negative assessments of and attitudes toward migrant students. However, previous studies have not clearly addressed the distinction between implicit and explicit prejudices, or identified their underlying sources. This study identifies the explicit and implicit prejudices held by elementary and middle school teachers regarding the learning abilities of an ethnic minority group: Haitian students within the Chilean educational system. We use a list experiment to assess how social desirability and intergroup attitudes toward minority students influence teachers' prejudices. The findings reveal that teachers harbor implicit prejudices towards Haitian students and are truthful in reporting their attitudes, thereby contradicting the desirability bias hypothesis. We suggest that teachers rely on stereotypes associated with the students' nationality when assessing Haitian students’ learning abilities. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to theories grounded in stereotypes and intergroup attitudes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102990"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139694821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transitioning to adulthood: Are conventional benchmarks as protective today as they were in the past? 向成年过渡：今天的传统基准是否与过去一样具有保护作用？

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.102981

Christal Hamilton , Zachary Parolin , Jane Waldfogel , Christopher Wimer

{"title":"Transitioning to adulthood: Are conventional benchmarks as protective today as they were in the past?","authors":"Christal Hamilton , Zachary Parolin , Jane Waldfogel , Christopher Wimer","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.102981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.102981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>More young adults in the United States are studying beyond high school and working full-time than in the past, yet young adults continue to have high poverty rates as they transition to adulthood. This study uses longitudinal data on two cohorts of young adults from the 1979 and 1997 National Longitudinal Study of Youth to assess whether conventional benchmarks associated with economic success—gaining an education, finding stable employment, and delaying childbirth until after marriage—are as predictive of reduced poverty today as they were in the past. We also explore differences in the protective effect of the benchmarks by race/ethnicity, gender, and poverty status while young. We find that, on average, the benchmarks associated with economic success are as predictive of reduced poverty among young adults today as they were for the prior generation; however, demographics and features of the economy have contributed to higher poverty rates among today's young adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102981"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X24000036/pdfft?md5=9f855fa1b779562a7536d17e44c8f0da&pid=1-s2.0-S0049089X24000036-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139682617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Globalization of production, manufacturing employment, and income inequality in developing nations 发展中国家的生产全球化、制造业就业和收入不平等问题

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102975

Roshan K. Pandian

{"title":"Globalization of production, manufacturing employment, and income inequality in developing nations","authors":"Roshan K. Pandian","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Theories of income distribution in developing nations suggest contrasting expectations regarding how employment industrialization affects income inequality<span><span>. However, past studies have not considered how the globalization of production shapes the relationship between manufacturing share of employment and income inequality in developing countries. Relatedly, social scientists argue that the globalization of production has exacerbated inequality, but past cross-national research focused on the Global South has yielded inconsistent findings regarding the trade-inequality link. In this article, I draw on the political economy literature focused on the distributional effects of global value chains (GVCs) in the developing world and argue that the rise of globalized production in recent decades has undermined the egalitarian characteristics of the </span>manufacturing sector<span>. While the sector was characterized by higher wages for low-skilled workers and a compressed wage distribution, I argue that rising competition, declining bargaining power of workers, and skill-biased industrial upgrading associated with GVCs has stretched wage distributions and heightened the skill premium in the manufacturing sector. Empirical analyses of cross-national panel data from broad samples of developing nations between 1970 and 2014 suggest that global integration has diminished the equalizing effect of manufacturing employment. I conclude by discussing the prospects for inclusive development in this era of globalization as well as the theoretical and policy implications of these findings.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102975"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139653501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can cognitive dissonance explain beliefs regarding meritocracy? 认知失调能否解释任人唯贤的观念？

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.102980

William Foley

引用次数: 0

The rise of online dating and racial homogamy in marriage 网上约会的兴起与婚姻中的种族同质化

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102976

Sabino Kornrich, Blaine Robbins

引用次数: 0

The effect of Covid-19 emergence on religiosity: Evidence from Singapore Covid-19 的出现对宗教信仰的影响：新加坡的证据

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.102979

Radim Chvaja , Martin Murín , Dmitriy Vorobyev

引用次数: 0

The impact of austerity on children: Uncovering effect heterogeneity by political, economic, and family factors in low- and middle-income countries 紧缩政策对儿童的影响：揭示中低收入国家政治、经济和家庭因素的异质性影响

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102973

Adel Daoud , Fredrik D. Johansson

{"title":"The impact of austerity on children: Uncovering effect heterogeneity by political, economic, and family factors in low- and middle-income countries","authors":"Adel Daoud , Fredrik D. Johansson","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Which children are most vulnerable when their government imposes austerity? Research tends to focus on either the political-economic level or the family level. Using a sample of nearly two million children in 67 countries, this study synthesizes theories from family sociology and political science to examine the heterogeneous effects on child poverty of economic shocks following the implementation of an International Monetary Fund (IMF) program. To discover effect heterogeneity, we apply machine learning to policy evaluation. We find that children's average probability of falling into poverty increases by 14 percentage points. We find substantial effect heterogeneity, with family wealth and governments' education spending as the two most important moderators. In contrast to studies that emphasize the vulnerability of low-income families, we find that middle-class children face an equally high risk of poverty. Our results show that synthesizing family and political factors yield deeper knowledge of how economic shocks affect children.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X2300128X/pdfft?md5=106c80d46da8871d4fcfbc131ca38f88&pid=1-s2.0-S0049089X2300128X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139071324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The siren song of so-called evidence: Why the evidence for social ecology models is not as strong as we think 所谓证据的诱惑之歌：为什么社会生态学模型的证据没有我们想象的那么有力

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102978

Jingwen Zhong, Matthew E. Brashears

{"title":"The siren song of so-called evidence: Why the evidence for social ecology models is not as strong as we think","authors":"Jingwen Zhong, Matthew E. Brashears","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ecological competition models from biology have been adopted for the study of a wide variety of social entities, including workplace organizations and voluntary associations.Despite their popularity, a number of fundamental challenges to these models have not been sufficiently recognized or addressed. As a result, it’s possible that some apparently supportive evidence for ecological competition is in fact the outcome of chance or other processes. We propose a permutation test to compare observed evidence for ecological competition against an appropriate counterfactual population. To demonstrate our approach and validate our concern about the quality of evidence for ecological competition models, we apply the permutation test to one specific case. The results indicate that K-correlation values that have been taken as evidence for a well-established model, the Ecology of Affiliation, are quite common even in thenabsence of ecological competition. We conclude that the existing evidence for social ecology models may not be as reliable as commonly believed due to the disconnect between theory and empirical testing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102978"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139071057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The relative pay for foreign work: A novel evidence from home and host countries 外国工作的相对报酬：来自母国和东道国的新证据

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102977

Andrej Cupák , Pavel Ciaian , d'Artis Kancs

{"title":"The relative pay for foreign work: A novel evidence from home and host countries","authors":"Andrej Cupák , Pavel Ciaian , d'Artis Kancs","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The literature has robustly documented a negative migrant-native wage gap in developed economies. Yet empirical evidence of pay differences has been elusive for developing countries. We approach this question by leveraging internationally harmonised microdata with 1.5 million individuals from 6 transition and developing countries and 15 OECD economies spanning from 1995 to 2016 and employ counterfactual decomposition techniques which allow us to control for individual-productivity and job-specific characteristics, and explain up to 74% of the observed immigrant-native wage gap. The Blinder-Oaxaca baseline results indicate that, vis-à-vis comparable workers born in developed economies, the pay for workers born in transition and developing economies is discounted both in their home country labour markets and – if migrating – also in developed host country labour markets. However, the unexplained native-to-migrant wage gap remains sizeable in most countries even after controlling for productivity differentials (26% and more). Cross-country correlation analyses provide a direct empirical evidence of the link between variation in unobserved </span>job characteristics and skills among foreign-born and native-born workers and wage gap, while the labour market institutions and especially the labour market discrimination environment are of a second-order importance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139100151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0