American Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Organizational Barriers to and Facilitators of the Successful Implementation and Sustainability of the Supporting and Enhancing NICU Sensory Experiences (SENSE) Program.","authors":"Roberta Pineda, Polly Kellner, Bethany A Gruskin, Joan Smith","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050450","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>The Supporting and Enhancing NICU Sensory Experiences (SENSE) program is an evidence-based intervention that promotes daily, positive sensory exposures for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Understanding program implementation across sites may aid in optimizing strategies for uptake of the program and subsequently improve outcomes for infants and families.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate health care professionals' perceptions of implementing the SENSE program.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The SENSE Program Implementation Survey was developed using Proctor et al.'s model and the BARRIERS scale to probe organizational practices across sites worldwide.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Survey distributed to 211 hospitals with a SENSE program license obtained before March 2020.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>One hundred fourteen NICU personnel (response rate = 54%).</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>The survey sought to understand barriers and facilitators, adaptations during implementation, and associated costs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 53% (n = 57 of 107) of respondents who had implemented the SENSE program, many (n = 14; 31%) experienced quick timing (<1 mo) to use, including spread to nearly all infants in their NICU within 6 mo (n = 18; 35%). Most reported the program was used to educate families ≤3 days of birth (n = 20/59; 34%). Most of the sensory interventions in the program were performed by parents (n = 38; 67%) and therapists (n = 44; 77%). Barriers and facilitators at the organizational and individual levels were identified. No additional staff were hired to implement the program.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Given perceived successes and challenges, strategic enhancement of implementation can inform future administrations of the SENSE program. Plain-Language Summary: This study provides occupational therapists who are interested in implementing the SENSE program (Supporting and Enhancing NICU Sensory Experiences) with an understanding of common barriers, facilitators, costs, and adaptations, which can be used to advocate for program implementation in NICUs to improve outcomes for preterm infants worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139565034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Adults Living With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Neurocognitive Disorders.","authors":"Stacy Smallfield, Lizabeth Metzger, Melissa Green, Laura Henley, Elizabeth K Rhodus","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.078101","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.078101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>There are currently 55 million adults living with declining functional cognition-altered perception, thoughts, mood, or behavior-as the result of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related neurocognitive disorders (NCDs). These changes affect functional performance and meaningful engagement in occupations. Given the growth in demand for services, occupational therapy practitioners benefit from consolidated evidence of effective interventions to support adults living with AD and related NCDs and their care partners.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>These Practice Guidelines outline effective occupational therapy interventions for adults living with AD and related NCDs and interventions to support their care partners.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We synthesized the clinical recommendations from a review of recent systematic reviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve systematic reviews published between 2018 and 2021 served as the foundation for the practice recommendations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendations: </strong>Reminiscence, exercise, nonpharmacological behavioral interventions, cognitive therapy, sensory interventions, and care partner education and training were found to be most effective to support adults living with AD and related NCDs. Plain-Language Summary: These Practice Guidelines provide strong and moderate evidence for occupational therapy practitioners to support adults living with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) and their care partners. They provide specific guidance for addressing the decline in cognition, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, and pain experience of adults living with AD and related NCDs. The guidelines also describe interventions to support care partners. With support from the evidence, occupational therapy practitioners are better equipped to address the unique needs of adults living with AD and related NCDs and their care partners.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10985123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139673277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Content Validity Testing of a Novel Cognitive Screen, the Gaylord Occupational Therapy Cognitive (GOT-Cog), to Improve Inpatient Occupational Therapy Treatment Planning.","authors":"Henry C Hrdlicka, Emily Meise, John Corbett, Amanda Meyer, Pete Grevelding","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050306","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>No single cognitive screen adequately captures all cognitive domains that are important for inpatient occupational therapy treatment planning.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To quantify the content validity of a novel 22-item cognitive screen, the Gaylord Occupational Therapy Cognitive (GOT-Cog) screen, developed to better inform inpatient occupational therapy treatment planning.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Delphi-style expert panel review.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Long-term acute care hospital.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The first panel was attended by four occupational therapists, two speech-language pathologists, one physician assistant, and two neuropsychologists; the second, by four occupational therapists, one speech-language pathologist, and one physician assistant.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Each Delphi panel discussed the relevance, essentiality, and clarity of each item. After each discussion, panelists completed a content validity survey to summarize their evaluation of each item.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>On the basis of panelists' survey responses, item- and scale-level relevance, essentiality, and clarity were quantified by calculating the respective content validity index (CVI), content validity ratio (CVR), and content clarity index (CCI). Universal agreement (UA) and κ statistics were also calculated, as appropriate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Upon presenting the initial 23-item instrument covering 10 cognitive domains to the first Delphi panel, several questions were added, removed, or rewritten, resulting in a 22-item instrument representing nine domains. After the second panel, several questions were again rewritten, and the domains reorganized. All scale-level metrics improved, including CVI (from 0.87 to 1.0), UA (0.52 to 1.0), CVR (0.43 to 0.94), and CCI (2.26 to 2.92).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>GOT-Cog displays overall excellent content validity and can proceed to construct validity testing. Plain-Language Summary: By reporting on the content validity of the Gaylord Occupational Therapy Cognitive screen, this brief report begins the necessary process of evaluating the measure's overall validity and reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice and Burnout Among Occupational Therapists: The Role of Self-Efficacy.","authors":"Tal Bar-Nizan, Debbie Rand, Yael Lahav","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050426","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) is essential for ensuring optimal quality care and obtaining positive outcome in treatment. Occupational therapists generally hold positive attitudes toward EBP; however, EBP is not always fully implemented.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the mediating role of self-efficacy on the relationship between implementing EBP and burnout among occupational therapists.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A cross sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Data were collected through social media and WhatsApp groups using an online survey accessible through Qualtrics, a secured web-based data collection system; responses were anonymous.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The final sample consisted of 261 female Israeli occupational therapists (ages 24-65 yr, with 1-40 yr of clinical experience).</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>The following questionnaires assessed EBP implementation, burnout, and self-efficacy, respectively: the EBP Implementation Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Occupational Therapy Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Demographic data were also collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EBP implementation was low (0-43 points out of a maximum 72 points), moderate levels of burnout and high levels of self-efficacy were reported. Significant associations with medium effect sizes were found between EBP implementation and burnout: the higher the levels of EBP implementation, the lower the levels of burnout frequency and intensity. Moreover, self-efficacy mediated these relationships. EBP implementation was related to elevated self-efficacy, which, in turn, was associated with lower burnout.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>EBP implementation may serve as an important tool to limit burnout among occupational therapists by fostering their trust in their ability to handle clinical challenges. Further research is needed. Plain-Language Summary: This study explored implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) and its relationships to burnout and work-related self-efficacy among occupational therapists. The study found that self-efficacy mediated the relationships between implementing EBP and burnout. Implementing EBP was associated with higher self-efficacy, which, in turn, was associated with lower burnout among occupational therapists.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139099014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Validity of the Turkish Sensory Responsiveness Questionnaire.","authors":"Recep Yükçü, Sinem Kars, Meral Huri","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050378","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Sensory processing difficulties are commonly seen in people with mental disorders. However, no questionnaires specific to Turkish culture are available for people with mental disorders.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Turkish Sensory Responsiveness Questionnaire (SRQ).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Causal comparative groups design.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Homes, clinics, hospitals, and therapy practices in Turkey.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 913 participants, of whom 529 were participants ages 18-60 yr with mental disorders.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>The cross-cultural adaptation and translation procedures were conducted following Beaton's guidelines. Internal consistency was examined with Cronbach's α. Criterion-related validity of the SRQ was determined with the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile using construct validity and was examined by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 23) and AMOS (Version 24.0).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In CFA, model fit indices showed an acceptable fit. Test-retest reliability was excellent for the hedonic and avoidance subfactor scores and for the total score (intraclass correlation coefficients = .973, .988, and .974, respectively). Internal consistency was high for the hedonic subfactor (.812) and the avoidance subfactor (.815). Participants with bipolar disorder had the highest scores on the hedonic subfactor, whereas those with schizophrenia had the highest scores on the avoidance subfactor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>The 36-item SRQ is reliable and valid for analyzing the sensory processing abilities of adults in the Turkish population. Plain-Language Summary: People with mental disorders commonly have difficulties with sensory processing. No sensory responsiveness questionnaire specific to the Turkish population or culture is available for people with mental disorders. This study shows that the current form of the Turkish Sensory Responsiveness Questionnaire can contribute to understanding the sensory processing abilities of Turkish people with and without mental disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Capability Interventions Used for Specific Diagnoses Related to Functional Impairment: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Sofia Salsi, Emily Ariano, Jennifer Casey, Morgan Loewen, Lisa Engel","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050254","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Occupational therapists often address financial occupations of clients with acquired functional impairments who experience challenges with financial capability (FC).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the intervention literature aimed at improving FC in five diagnostic adult populations.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, EconLit, and EMBASE; researchers also completed backward and forward citation searching and contacted expert authors.</p><p><strong>Study selection and data collection: </strong>Two independent reviewers completed article screening, selection, and extraction using a scoping review approach; a priori inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed articles, written in English, involving adults with one of five diagnostic conditions, describing any intervention to improve FC.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Twenty-four articles met the inclusion criteria. Most articles were aimed at substance use or mental health populations (n = 20); fewer focused on brain injury (n = 2), multiple sclerosis (n = 1), or mixed-diagnosis (n = 1) populations. Only 4 were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Interventions were heterogeneous and complex, including components of skills training (n = 21), individualized budgeting (n = 18), representative payeeship (n = 11), education (n = 10), structured goal setting (n = 7), savings building (n = 5), metacognitive strategies (n = 2), and assistive technology (n = 1).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Despite growth in the area, the literature regarding FC intervention is limited, with few RCTs and many populations unrepresented. The literature for a systematic review of FC intervention efficacy for these populations is insufficient, particularly because included studies used varied components, limiting comparison. Further research is imperative to guide evidence-based practice. Plain-Language Summary: This study is an overview of literature about interventions to address the financial occupations of clients with acquired functional impairments. The findings give occupational therapy researchers and clinicians the information they need to begin analyzing, using, and building the evidence to support the use of interventions to improve clients' financial capability and well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139673276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kindergarten Visual-Perceptual and Motor Skills and Behavioral Traits Predict First-Grade Chinese Handwriting Legibility and Speed.","authors":"Yea-Shwu Hwang, Ying-Lu Hsiao, Pei-Fang Su, Jo-Ying Hung, Wen-Hui Tsai","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050425","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Clarifying the relationship between kindergarteners' characteristics and their future handwriting performance is beneficial for the early detection of children at risk of handwriting difficulties.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine which visual-perceptual and motor skills and behavioral traits significantly predict kindergartners' Chinese handwriting legibility and speed in the first grade.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>One-year longitudinal, observational design.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Kindergarten and elementary schools.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>One hundred six kindergarten children (53 boys and 53 girls; ages 5 or 6 yr) were recruited.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>The participants completed two subtests of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition, Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-Third Edition, Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (Beery™ VMI), and the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Test-Chinese Version in kindergarten. Their handwriting legibility (character accuracy and construction) and speed were assessed by investigator-developed Chinese handwriting tests in the first grade.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate regression analyses indicated the independent predictive power of spatial relationships (p = .042) and inattention (p = .004) for character accuracy. Visual-motor integration (VMI; p = .008) and inattention (p = .002) were the key predictors of character construction. Manual dexterity (p = .001) was the only significant predictor of writing speed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Kindergarteners who perform poorly in spatial relationships, VMI, manual dexterity, and attention are likely to have less legible Chinese handwriting and slow writing speed in first grade. Plain-Language Summary: Children's visual-perceptual and motor skills and behavioral traits in kindergarten can predict their Chinese handwriting legibility and speed in first grade. This study found that kindergarteners who performed poorly in spatial relationships, VMI, manual dexterity, and attention were likely to have less legible Chinese handwriting and slow writing speed in the first grade.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Serial Trichotomization to Determine Fitness to Drive in Medically At-Risk Drivers.","authors":"Sarah Krasniuk, Alexander M Crizzle","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050134","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Clinical tests that identify fit and unfit drivers with 100% sensitivity and specificity would reduce uncertainty and improve efficiency of occupational therapists performing comprehensive driving evaluations (CDEs).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine whether serial trichotomization of clinical tests predicts pass-fail outcomes with 100% sensitivity and specificity in a sample of medically at-risk drivers and in drivers with and without cognitive impairment (CI) referred for a CDE.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective data collection and analysis of scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment; Trail Making Test, Part A and Part B; and the Useful Field of View® Subtests 1 to 3 and outcomes on the CDE (pass-fail or indeterminate requiring lessons and retesting). Receiver operating characteristic curves of clinical tests were performed to determine 100% sensitivity and specificity cut points in predicting CDE outcomes. Clinical tests were arranged in order from most to least predictive to identify pass-fail and indeterminate outcomes.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A driving assessment clinic.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Among 142 medically at-risk drivers (M age = 69.2 yr, SD = 14.1), 66 with CI, 46 passed and 39 failed the CDE; 57 were indeterminate.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>On-road pass-fail outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Together, the six clinical tests predicted 62 pass and 49 fail outcomes in the total sample; 21 pass and 34 fail outcomes in participants with CI; and 58 pass and 14 fail outcomes in participants without CI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Serial trichotomization of clinical tests increases the accuracy of making informed decisions and reduces the number of drivers undergoing unnecessary on-road assessments. Plain-Language Summary: Clinical tests and their cut points that identify fit and unfit drivers vary substantially across settings and research studies. Serial trichotomization is one method that could help control for this variation by combining clinical test scores showing 100% sensitivity and specificity to identify pass (fit drivers) and fail outcomes (unfit drivers) and to reduce the number of drivers undergoing unnecessary on-road assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139433218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupation-Based Interventions to Improve Occupational Performance Among Older Adults Living in Long-Term Care: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Rachael Mitterfellner, Nathan M D'Cunha, Stephen Isbel","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050441","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Evidence for the positive effects of occupation-based interventions on occupational performance is increasing; however, little is known about the impacts of occupation-based interventions on older adults living in long-term care.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To consolidate the evidence on the effectiveness of occupation-based interventions for improving occupational performance among older adults living in long-term care.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, Web of Science Core Collection, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched from journal-database inception to February 2023.</p><p><strong>Study selection and data collection: </strong>This systematic review is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Included articles were peer-reviewed studies published in English that evaluated occupation-based interventions for older adults living in long-term care and used validated tools to measure occupational performance.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Seventeen articles, with 2,974 participants, were identified. The reviewed studies included 6 Level 1b randomized controlled trials, 5 Level 2b studies of various study designs, and 5 Level 3b studies with quasi-experimental designs. Across studies, heterogeneous measures were used to assess occupational performance. All studies implemented client-centered, occupation-based interventions designed and/or delivered by occupational therapists. Interventions were tailored to residents' goals, interests, or abilities to improve occupational performance and participation, and inconsistent effects were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Moderate evidence supports the use of occupation-based interventions tailored to individual residents and incorporation of physical activities for improving the occupational performance of older adults living in long-term care. Currently, evidence for care partner involvement and multilevel occupation-based interventions is limited. Plain-Language Summary: This study adds to the evidence base indicating that occupation-based interventions have the potential to promote the occupational performance of older adults living in long-term care. High-quality randomized controlled trials with longer term follow-up and assessment of clinically meaningful outcomes are critical for developing the evidence base in this practice setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139479518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of Addressing the Spiritual Well-Being of Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: A Mixed-Methods Program Evaluation.","authors":"Melissa Ross Bowen, Joan Augustyn, Leah Fisher, Lisa Mische Lawson","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050323","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2024.050323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Spiritual well-being is an important aspect of health-related quality of life for persons with chronic illnesses such as multiple sclerosis (MS), yet research on interventions remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the feasibility of an occupational therapy intervention addressing the spiritual well-being of people with MS.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Mixed-methods program evaluation using theoretical thematic analysis of qualitative data.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Community center serving people with MS in a midwestern U.S. city.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 42 participants attended at least one session; 22 participants provided qualitative data. Ten met the inclusion criteria for quantitative analysis, including completion of pretest and posttest measures and attendance of at least half of the sessions.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Making Meaning, a group intervention based on the Model of Occupational Wholeness, was conducted over eight weekly 45-min sessions. The focus was on exploring and integrating spiritual practices into daily life.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>Participants completed the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being 12-Item Scale (FACIT-Sp-12) to measure spiritual well-being and answered open-ended questions. Attendance was recorded and the facilitator and observers provided qualitative observations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pretest-posttest comparisons of FACIT-Sp-12 scores indicated a moderate improvement in spiritual well-being (d = 0.41). Attendance and qualitative data supported the intervention's feasibility and suggested areas for refinement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Making Meaning is a feasible intervention, showing promise for promoting spiritual well-being for people with MS. Further research is warranted. Plain-Language Summary: This study introduces a practical and acceptable occupational therapy group intervention, Making Meaning, which shows promising potential for improving the spiritual well-being of people with multiple sclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139425774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}