American Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Guidelines for Contributors to AJOT.","authors":"","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2023.77S3005","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2023.77S3005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT) is the official journal of the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA). The primary mission of AJOT is to publish peer-reviewed research examining the effectiveness and efficacy of occupational therapy practice so that occupational therapy professionals can make informed, evidence-based decisions about best practice. In addition, the journal aims to publish (1) research documenting the reliability and validity of occupational therapy instruments; (2) studies demonstrating a relationship between occupational engagement and the facilitation of community participation and health; and (3) articles that provide a forum for scholars to debate professional issues that affect education, practice, and research. This Guidelines for Contributors to AJOT is also available at the American Journal of Occupational Therapy manuscript submission website, ScholarOne (go to https://mc04.manuscriptcentral.com/ajot and click \"Instructions & Forms\" in the upper right). These guidelines are published annually in a supplement to the journal; any changes implemented in the interim are published to the Author Guidelines page on the AJOT website (go to https://research.aota.org/ajot/pages/authorguidelines).</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139099012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensory Processing Preferences in an Adult Acute Mental Health Setting: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Stacia Kozidis, Jessica Jacobson","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050270","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Sensory processing patterns may inform mental health diagnosis-specific treatment plans.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare sensory processing preferences of patients admitted with depression and substance use disorder diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Acute inpatient mental health center.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Patients ages 18 to 64 yr with a primary diagnosis of depression or substance use disorder who completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP).</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>Comparison of AASP quadrant scores between subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants (n = 211; M age = 33.8 yr) had a primary diagnosis of depression (n = 121; 57%) or substance use disorder (n = 90; 43%). The depression and substance use disorder groups yielded the following AASP quadrant scores, respectively: low registration, Ms = 38.2 and 34.3 (SDs = 9.4 and 8.0), p = .002; sensation seeking, Ms = 46.8 and 50.6 (SDs = 8.1 and 9.1), p = .002; sensory sensitivity, Ms = 43.4 and 39.8 (SDs = 10.3 and 9.9), p = .013; and sensation avoiding, Ms = 45.6 and 40.1 (SDs = 9.5 and 10.3), p < .001. These differences persisted when scores were normalized against standard population scores. The majority with a primary diagnosis of depression ranked \"more/much more than most\" for low registration (69; 57.0%), sensory sensitivity (61; 50.4%), and sensation avoiding (79; 65.3%). Those with a primary diagnosis of SUD ranked most frequently as \"similar to most\" in all quadrants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Sensory processing preferences differ by primary mental health diagnosis and may provide insight into treatment planning. What This Article Adds: This study identifies differences in sensory processing between patients with a primary diagnosis of depression and those with a primary diagnosis of substance use disorder, suggesting that clinical interventions should account for sensory preferences. Providing appropriate sensory experiences (sensory room, sensory boxes, etc.) may allow patients to function at an optimal level by improving their ability to self-regulate emotions and behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72211294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Official Documents Available From the American Occupational Therapy Association.","authors":"","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2023.77S3007","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2023.77S3007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139404768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Changes After Occupational Therapy Among Individuals With a Distal Radius Fracture: A Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Iván De-Rosende-Celeiro, Jorge Juan Fernández-Barreiro","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050218","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Identifying the outcomes of occupational therapy after a distal radius fracture (DRF) is important so that effective strategies can be developed to mitigate the consequences associated with this common fracture.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether participation in occupational therapy improved functional status. Secondary objectives were to assess its effects on body functions and to examine the association between changes in outcome measures and occupational therapy-related factors.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Longitudinal, with consecutive sampling over a 12-mo period.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Outpatient rehabilitation service.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Participants were 38 adults with a unilateral DRF (ages 31-75 yr.; 81.6% female).</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Multicomponent occupational therapy, including supplemental techniques and activity-based interventions.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>Functional status and body functions were assessed before and after therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All standardized measures of functional status showed significant improvements, which were large in size. Several body functions improved significantly (pain, sleep, wrist and forearm movements, and grip strength fraction), and effect sizes ranged from medium to large. For several outcome variables, earlier therapy was significantly associated with better results; moreover, the likelihood of achieving better outcomes was significantly higher among participants who attended more sessions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Occupational therapy services have an important role to play after a DRF in terms of returning to daily activities and reducing impairments in body functions. Earlier intervention and attending a higher number of occupational therapy sessions are likely to further improve these outcomes. What This Article Adds: Because the effects of occupational therapy among people with a DRF remain uncertain, we quantified the outcomes of this intervention in an outpatient rehabilitation service, revealing medium to large improvements in the performance of daily activities and in various body functions. Our findings identified two factors associated with better results: early initiation of therapy and a higher number of occupational therapy sessions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136399755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Therapy Assessments of Cortical or Cerebral Visual Impairment: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Orli Weisser-Pike, Anita Witt Mitchell, Leah Cordova","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050313","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Cortical or cerebral visual impairment (CVI), a leading cause of visual dysfunction in children across the globe, can result in delayed development of fine and gross motor skills, functional mobility, and socialization, which affects all areas of occupation. No assessments are recommended for occupational therapy practitioners working with children with CVI.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To appraise the measurement properties and clinical utility of CVI assessments appropriate for use by occupational therapy practitioners.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.</p><p><strong>Study selection and data collection: </strong>We followed the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures for relevant studies.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>A total of 590 records yielded 15 studies of the measurement properties of 12 assessment tools, 8 patient-reported outcome measures and 4 clinician-reported or performance-based outcome measures. We report on the quality of measurement properties of 10 of the 12 outcome measures. None had high-quality evidence of content validity, structural validity, or test-retest reliability. Most had indeterminate internal consistency as a result of a lack of confirmatory factor analysis. Three instruments demonstrated high quality and sufficient construct validity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>On the basis of the COSMIN guidelines, all 12 outcome measures have the potential to be recommended but require further study before definitive recommendations can be made. What This Article Adds: This is the first systematic review of assessments of CVI feasible for use by occupational therapy practitioners. High-quality studies of measurement properties are lacking. Further examination of the measurement properties of outcome measures is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136399756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlations Between Mindset and Participation in Everyday Activities Among Healthy Adolescents.","authors":"Limor Rosenberg","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050297","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Mindsets are personal beliefs that one's abilities and personality traits can be improved and modified through education and effort. It is known that mindsets contribute to behavior and achievements; however, research on mindsets in the context of participation is still lacking.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the correlations between mindsets and dimensions of participation among healthy adolescents and to explore the unique contribution of mindsets to the total explained variance of adolescents' participation diversity, frequency, independence, enjoyment, and satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Community in Israel.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Healthy adolescents (N = 115; 63 females, 52 males) ages 11 to 16 yr (M age = 13.77, SD = 1.22) and their parents.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>The Mindset and Perseverance Questionnaire was used to assess mindsets regarding intelligence, emotions and behavior, and perseverance. The Adolescence Participation Questionnaire was used to assess participation in daily activities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mindset regarding emotions, behavior, and perseverance was positively and moderately associated with all participation measures aside from diversity. Mindset regarding intelligence was not associated with participation. The regression analysis indicates that the explanatory variables had a significant modest contribution of 6% to 13% to the total explained variance in adolescents' participation frequency, independence, and enjoyment. Of note, mindset regarding perseverance was found to be the main predictor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Mindsets and participation are correlated. Beliefs regarding perseverance and effort contribute significantly to various dimensions of adolescents' participation. Occupational therapy practitioners may find growth mindset theory capable of enriching interventions aimed at promoting adolescents' optimal participation. What This Article Adds: This is the first study to assess adolescents' mindset in the context of their participation. The findings demonstrate the significant contribution of mindsets regarding perseverance, effort, emotions, and behavior to participation in everyday activities among healthy adolescents. The findings can be incorporated into interventions aimed at promoting adolescents' optimal participation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71523009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Early Enhanced Occupational Therapy in an Intensive Care Unit (EFFORT-ICU): A Single-Site Feasibility Trial.","authors":"Andrea Rapolthy-Beck, Jennifer Fleming, Merrill Turpin, Kellie Sosnowski, Simone Dullaway, Hayden White","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050230","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>This research trial contributes to the evidence for occupational therapy service delivery in intensive care settings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the feasibility of a trial to evaluate the impact of early enhanced occupational therapy on mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Single-site assessor-blinded randomized controlled feasibility trial.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Level 5 8-bed adult medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU) at Logan Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Participants were 30 mechanically ventilated patients randomly allocated to two groups.</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>We compared standard care with enhanced occupational therapy with outcomes measured at discharge from the ICU, hospital discharge, and 90 days post randomization. The primary outcome measure was the FIM®. Secondary outcomes included the Modified Barthel Index (MBI); Montreal Cognitive Assessment; grip strength, measured using a dynamometer; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (Version 2). The intervention group received daily occupational therapy, including cognitive stimulation, upper limb retraining, and activities of daily living. Data were analyzed using independent groups t tests and effect sizes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Measures and procedures were feasible. A significant difference was found between groups on FIM Motor score at 90 days with a large effect size (p = .05, d = 0.76), and MBI scores for the intervention group approached significance (p = .051) with a large effect size (d = 0.75) at 90 days. Further moderate to large effect sizes were obtained for the intervention group for cognitive status, functional ability, and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>This trial demonstrated that occupational therapy is feasible and beneficial in the ICU. Criteria to progress to a full-scale randomized controlled trial were met. This study contributes to embedding ongoing consistency of practice and scope of service delivery for occupational therapy in this field. What This Article Adds: Occupational therapists should be considered core team members in the critical care-ICU, with funding to support ongoing service provision and optimization of patient outcomes based on effective and feasible service delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138446658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting Justice, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Through Caring Communities: Why It Matters to Occupational Therapy.","authors":"Yolanda Suarez-Balcazar, Dalmina Arias, Jaime Phillip Muñoz","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050416","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global challenges humanity faces today, such as social and economic inequalities, occupational deprivation, racism, exclusion, displacement and migration crises, violence, wars, and political oppression, all contribute to health and participation inequities (Powell & Toppin, 2021). The depth and breadth of these inequities became strikingly evident and were exacerbated with the coronavirus 2019 pandemic (Khanijahani et al., 2021). More than ever before, we need to apply an occupational perspective to create caring communities that strengthen each person's sense of belonging (Beagan, 2015; Lavalley & Johnson, 2020; Mahoney & Kiraly-Alvarez, 2019). In this column, we argue that occupational therapy academic programs have a unique role in advancing justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion through the creation of caring communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138446659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and Implementation Determinants of a Structured Goal Setting and Goal Management System.","authors":"Eunyoung Kang, Julie Chen, Erin R Foster","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050296","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2023.050296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>There is no evidence-based system to guide occupational therapists in implementing theory-based, client-engaged goal setting and goal management. A new system is needed to support high-quality goal setting and goal management.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, credibility, and expectancy of a new structured theory-based, client-engaged goal setting and goal management system, called MyGoals, for occupational therapists. We explored MyGoals' implementation determinants, potential positive outcomes, and comparative advantages.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This was a mixed-methods feasibility study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Community.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Occupational therapists (N = 7).</p><p><strong>Outcomes and measures: </strong>Acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility were assessed using the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM), Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM), and Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM). Credibility and expectancy were assessed with the Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ). Semistructured 1:1 interviews were conducted to explore occupational therapy perspectives on MyGoals and its implementation-related factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MyGoals had high AIM (M = 18.1, SD = 1.9), IAM (M = 17.9, SD = 2.2), FIM (M = 17.3, SD = 2.1) scores and high CEQ Credibility (M = 22.1, SD = 5.0) and Expectancy (M = 20.6, SD = 4.3) scores. Interview data revealed suggestions to improve MyGoals, implementation determinants across the individuals involved, inner setting, and intervention characteristic domains, client- and clinician-related potential positive outcomes, and comparative advantages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>MyGoals is an acceptable, appropriate, feasible, credible, and promising system to guide occupational therapists in implementing theory-based, client-engaged goal setting and goal management for adults with chronic conditions in community-based rehabilitation. What This Article Adds: MyGoals is an easy-to-use, appealing, and helpful system to support occupational therapists in delivering theory-based goal setting and goal management components and to enable adults with chronic conditions to actively engage in their rehabilitation. This study supports the usefulness of MyGoals in community-based rehabilitation to improve goal setting and goal management quality and personally meaningful rehabilitation goal achievement in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10846417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138812485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensory Integration Approaches for Children and Youth in Occupational Therapy Practice.","authors":"","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2023.77S3004","DOIUrl":"10.5014/ajot.2023.77S3004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This AOTA Position Statement describes the role of occupational therapy practitioners in providing services to children and youth with a variety of sensory processing patterns and sensory integrative dysfunction. It also serves as a resource for policymakers, funding and reimbursement sources, and caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":48317,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139099013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}