Cognitive Therapy and Research最新文献

{"title":"When Average Isn't Good Enough: Identifying Meaningful Subgroups in Clinical Data","authors":"Andrew T. Gloster, Matthias Nadler, Victoria Block, Elisa Haller, Julian Rubel, Charles Benoy, Jeanette Villanueva, Klaus Bader, Marc Walter, Undine Lang, Stefan G. Hofmann, Joseph Ciarrochi, Steven C. Hayes","doi":"10.1007/s10608-023-10453-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10453-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Clinical data are usually analyzed with the assumption that knowledge gathered from group averages applies to the individual. Doing so potentially obscures patients with meaningfully different trajectories of therapeutic change. Needed are “idionomic” methods that first examine idiographic patterns before nomothetic generalizations are made. The objective of this paper is to test whether such an idionomic method leads to different clinical conclusions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>51 patients completed weekly process measures and symptom severity over a period of eight weeks. Change trajectories were analyzed using a nomothetic approach and an idiographic approach with bottom-up clustering of similar individuals. The outcome was patients’ well-being at post-treatment.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Individuals differed in the extent that underlying processes were linked to symptoms. Average trend lines did not represent the intraindividual changes well. The idionomic approach readily identified subgroups of patients that differentially predicted distal outcomes (well-being).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Relying exclusively on average results may lead to an oversight of intraindividual pathways. Characterizing data first using idiographic approaches led to more refined conclusions, which is clinically useful, scientifically rigorous, and may help advance individualized psychotherapy approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139579326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Reported and Physiological Reactions to Thin and Non-Thin Bodies: Understanding Motivational Processes Associated with Disordered Eating","authors":"Samantha Wilson, Adrienne Mehak, Sarah E. Racine","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10466-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10466-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>The present study examined the relative roles of approach and avoidance motivation in eating pathology using a multi-method approach combining self-report and physiological measures. The potential effect of internalized ideals and fears was also investigated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Fifty-seven undergraduate women completed a picture-viewing task in which they viewed images of women’s bodies (thin and non-thin) and affective images. Self-report ratings of valence and arousal were measured along with physiological indicators of approach (postauricular reflex) and avoidance (startle blink reflex) motivation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Greater eating pathology was associated with more negative valence ratings of both thin and non-thin images. There was a significant interaction between valence ratings of non-thin bodies and fear of the unattractive self in relation to eating pathology, such that eating pathology was highest in those who rated non-thin images as more unpleasant and internalized fears of being/becoming unattractive. Thin-ideal internalization did not significantly interact with ratings of thin images to predict eating pathology. There were no significant findings when examining physiological data.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Results from self-report measures suggest that eating pathology is associated with avoidant reactions to both thin and non-thin bodies and highlight the importance of internalized appearance-related fears.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139579479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entrée or Sampler? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Approaches to Single Session Internet-Based Interventions","authors":"Graham C. Bartels, Jennifer S. Cheavens, Daniel R. Strunk","doi":"10.1007/s10608-023-10459-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10459-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Interventions teaching cognitive-behavioral skills feature prominently among evidence-based treatments for emotional disorders. However, the relative impact of interventions that teach one cognitive-behavioral skill in-depth (i.e., an entrée intervention) versus those that provide limited coverage of multiple skills (i.e., a sampler intervention) remains unclear. In this study, we compared these two approaches using unguided single-session internet-based cognitive-behavioral interventions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A total of 657 participants living in the U.S. with elevated depressive symptoms were randomly assigned to the entrée, sampler, or no-intervention control conditions. The entrée approach focused in-depth on developing one skill and the sampler condition introduced three skills. Both interventions lasted approximately 30 min. All participants completed measures of depressive symptoms, loneliness, and coping skill use and quality before the intervention and a week after the intervention.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>There were no condition differences in change in depressive symptoms, coping skill usage, coping skill quality, or loneliness. Those in the sampler condition were less likely to drop out than those in the entrée condition. In addition, condition differences were moderated by initial depressive symptom severity, such that among the more severely depressed the sampler condition led to greater symptom reduction than the entrée and control conditions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>We did not find overall differences between the entrée, sampler, and control conditions on primary outcomes. Nonetheless, the differences that did emerge suggest offering a variety of skills improves retention and provides greater relief for those with high initial depressive symptom severity in single-session internet-based interventions.</p><p><i>Clinicaltrials.gov ID</i> NCT04643964, registered on 11/12/2020.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139560535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of the Death-Implicit Association Test in a Sample of Suicidal Inpatients","authors":"Kayla A. Lord, Tyler B. Rice, Hannah C. Levy, Kimberly S. Sain, Jessica Stubbing, Gretchen J. Diefenbach, David F. Tolin","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10465-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10465-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Research suggests that performance on the Death-Implicit Association Test (D-IAT) converges with explicit indicators of suicide risk (e.g., suicidal ideation, suicidal behaviors). However, the utility of the D-IAT in acute care settings has been questioned given limited studies and inconsistent findings. Additionally, it remains unclear whether the D-IAT incrementally improves the assessment of suicide risk beyond explicit measures.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Method</h3><p>The present study evaluated the validity of the D-IAT in a large sample of psychiatric inpatients who attempted suicide within the past two years (<i>N</i> = 203; <i>M</i> age = 32.93 [<i>SD</i> = 12.61]; 50.7% female; 63.5% White; 22.7% Hispanic/Latino). The D-IAT was scored three ways: (1) conventional <i>D</i> scoring where positive scores indicate stronger implicit associations with death, (2) dichotomized <i>D</i> scores where participants were categorized based on positive or negative <i>D</i> score, and (3) <i>DD</i> scoring, which is a novel procedure that differentiates self-identification with death (Me-<i>DD</i>) from a lack of identification with life (Not Me-<i>DD</i>).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p><i>D</i> and Not Me-<i>DD</i> were weakly associated with suicide cognitions, hopelessness, suicidal ideation, and wishes to live/die and there were corresponding mean differences based on dichotomized <i>D</i> scores. <i>D</i> and Not Me-<i>DD</i> were also weakly correlated with number of lifetime suicide attempts. Me-<i>DD</i> evidenced fewer significant associations than Not Me-<i>DD</i> suggesting that a lack of association with life may be the central component of <i>D</i> scores.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Findings suggest that the D-IAT may not be a useful standalone measure of suicide risk in high-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139500115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Associations of Emotion Regulation and Trait Resilience with the Efficacy of Cognitive Processing Therapy for Active Duty Military Personnel with PTSD","authors":"Craig P. Polizzi, Jennifer Schuster Wachen, Casey L. Straud, Jim Mintz, Allison L. Baier, Katherine A. Dondanville, Stacey Young-McCaughan, Brett T. Litz, Jeffrey S. Yarvis, Alan L. Peterson, Patricia A. Resick","doi":"10.1007/s10608-023-10457-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10457-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Military personnel who complete cognitive processing therapy (CPT) can still experience residual symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Gaining a deeper understanding of the characteristics that influence response to CPT may increase the likelihood of treatment success. Emotion regulation and trait resilience are associated with PTSD severity and may influence treatment response in active duty service members with PTSD.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This secondary analysis explored the association among reports of baseline emotion regulation (Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short Form) and trait resilience (Response to Stressful Experiences Scale) with PTSD severity reductions in a sample of active duty service members (<i>N</i> = 268) who participated in a clinical trial that compared group-delivered and individual CPT. Population averaged models were utilized to examine if baseline predictors were related to change in PTSD severity from pre- to posttreatment.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Trait resilience predicted PTSD severity changes such that participants who reported less trait resilience at baseline demonstrated greater PTSD severity reductions over a course of CPT. There was also a main effect of adaptive emotion regulation on PTSD severity. Post-hoc correlation analyses revealed that baseline adaptive emotion regulation was positively associated with PTSD severity at pre- and posttreatment.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Findings imply that service members with lower trait resilience may particularly benefit from CPT. Whether trait resilience moderates PTSD outcomes specific to CPT will require a trial with an alternative comparison treatment arm.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Clinical Trial Registration</h3><p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02173561 (6/25/2014)</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139483439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Remote Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia in Improving Health Status of Patients with Insomnia Symptoms: A Meta-analysis","authors":"Dawei Xu, Zhanjiang Li, Unnah Leitner, Jing Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10608-023-10458-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10458-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Insomnia is highly prevalent and cognitive behavioural therapy is the first-line treatment for it. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of remote cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, specifically, treatment fully delivered through the internet, mobile phones and telephones for sleep and other health outcomes in adults diagnosed with insomnia or reporting insomnia symptoms. This study also aimed to evaluate the effect of various intervention components as subgroup variables to explain the efficacy of remote cognitive behavioural therapy on health outcomes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Randomised controlled trial studies were obtained from five electronic databases. The PEDro scale was used to assess the quality of the studies. A random effect model was used to assess the mean difference, standardised mean difference and standard deviation of the outcome variables. Heterogeneity among the study articles was assessed using <i>I</i>² and <i>Q</i> tests. Egger regression analysis was used to assess publication bias.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Remote cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia had significant and positive effects on improving sleep outcomes, depression, anxiety, fatigue and mental health compared with the control conditions. Its effect on physical health was not significant. The effect of the therapy was enhanced when the total length of intervention was shorter than 6 weeks, delivered via the internet and did not include therapist support.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Remote cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia is effective in improving sleep quality, depression, anxiety, fatigue and mental health in insomnia patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139460806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced Belief Updating in the Context of Depressive Symptoms: An Investigation of the Associations with Interpretation Biases and Self-Evaluation","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10608-023-10454-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10454-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <span> <h3>Background</h3> <p>Depressive symptoms are associated with negative expectations and reduced belief updating by positive information. Cognitive immunization, the devaluation of positive information, has been argued to be central in this relationship and predictive processing models suggest that more positive information is associated with greater cognitive immunization.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Methods</h3> <p>In an online experiment, <em>N</em> = 347 healthy participants took part in a performance task with standardized feedback of varying levels of positivity (mild, moderate, extreme). Effects of feedback positivity on cognitive immunization were investigated. Further, depressive symptoms, interpretation bias and participant’s self-evaluation were examined as potential correlates of belief updating.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Results</h3> <p>As expected, participants receiving mildly positive feedback reported a greater amount of cognitive immunization than those receiving moderately positive feedback. However, neither group differed from those receiving extremely positive feedback. Although depressive symptoms did not show the hypothesized association with cognitive immunization, they were associated with a weaker increase in positive expectations following feedback. Exploratory analyses showed associations between self-evaluation and belief updating.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Conclusions</h3> <p>The results suggest that healthy participants engaged in cognitive immunization when feedback was less positive than expected. Depressive symptoms were associated with reduced belief updating, but not with cognitive immunization. Self-evaluation may be a promising factor for future research.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139460887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Help to Reduce Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors via Video or Website? A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10608-023-10456-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10456-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <span> <h3>Background</h3> <p>Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) are common but under-recognized mental disorders. The present study aimed to examine the efficacy of a video presentation of self-help techniques for BFRBs compared to a web-based intervention containing psychoeducation and comprehensive self-help treatment information on BFRBs to reduce symptomatology as well as the same videos as in the first condition.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Methods</h3> <p>A total of 217 participants with BFRBs were randomly assigned to (1) a video condition conveying the established self-help techniques habit reversal training (HRT), decoupling (DC), and decoupling in sensu (DC-is) to reduce BFRBs, (2) a website condition that offered psychoeducational information and treatment material, including the videos from the first treatment condition, or (3) a waitlist control (WLC) condition. A six-week post assessment was conducted. The Generic Body-Focused Repetitive Behavior Scale 45 (GBS-45) served as the primary outcome.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Results</h3> <p>The self-help video condition showed greater improvement in GBS-45 subscales for nail biting in comparison to the self-help website and WLC conditions. For other BFRBs (e.g., joint cracking, trichophagia), the impairment subscale showed significant results in post hoc analyses in favor of the two treatment conditions. Subjective ratings of the techniques were satisfactory and comparable across treatment groups, with slightly higher ratings in favor of the video condition.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Conclusions</h3> <p>The video condition showed better improvement than the control condition on nail biting and other BFRBs. Superior results in the self-help website condition compared to the WLC were shown only for the group of “other” BFRBs (i.e., not trichotillomania, nail biting, dermatillomania, lip/cheek biting). We speculate this might be because users were overwhelmed by the many different approaches described without clear guidelines for how to implement them in daily life. In light of a prior study, we assume that a manualized version of the self-help techniques is superior to the video delivery and recommend that the self-help videos should be used as a complement to a manualized version. Future research should address long-term effects of self-help interventions for BFRBs.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139421707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive biases involving readiness to categorise food in terms of calorie content in anorexia nervosa","authors":"Laura Dondzilo, Andrea Phillipou, Stephanie Miles, Nienke Jonker, Emily Jeffery, Colin MacLeod","doi":"10.1007/s10608-023-10462-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10462-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>This research proposes that cognitive biases involving the categorisation of food in terms of calorie content may contribute to restrictive eating in anorexia nervosa (AN). The current study sought to discriminate the validity of two novel hypotheses: (1) People with AN more readily categorise food in terms of calorie content rather than in terms of alternative dimensions (e.g., tastiness), and (2) people with AN have difficulty reclassifying food initially categorised in terms of calorie content, in terms of alternative dimensions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>To test these hypotheses, a novel food categorisation task was developed and delivered to people with a self-reported lifetime diagnosis of AN (<i>N</i> = 48) and to people with no history of an eating disorder (<i>N</i> = 133). Participants categorised food in terms of calorie content or tastiness.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Results revealed that the AN group, relative to the comparison group, was faster to categorise food in terms of calorie content and slower to reclassify food initially categorised in terms of calorie content.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>These findings suggest that AN is characterised by both an inflated tendency to categorise food in terms of calorie content and to become subsequently stuck on this categorisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139423120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body-focused Repetitive Behavior: Towards a Better Understanding of this Prevalent but Undertreated Disorder","authors":"Steffen Moritz, Ivar Snorrason","doi":"10.1007/s10608-023-10460-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10460-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}