Cognitive Therapy and Research最新文献

{"title":"Self-Help to Reduce Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors via Video or Website? A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10608-023-10456-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10456-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <span> <h3>Background</h3> <p>Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) are common but under-recognized mental disorders. The present study aimed to examine the efficacy of a video presentation of self-help techniques for BFRBs compared to a web-based intervention containing psychoeducation and comprehensive self-help treatment information on BFRBs to reduce symptomatology as well as the same videos as in the first condition.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Methods</h3> <p>A total of 217 participants with BFRBs were randomly assigned to (1) a video condition conveying the established self-help techniques habit reversal training (HRT), decoupling (DC), and decoupling in sensu (DC-is) to reduce BFRBs, (2) a website condition that offered psychoeducational information and treatment material, including the videos from the first treatment condition, or (3) a waitlist control (WLC) condition. A six-week post assessment was conducted. The Generic Body-Focused Repetitive Behavior Scale 45 (GBS-45) served as the primary outcome.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Results</h3> <p>The self-help video condition showed greater improvement in GBS-45 subscales for nail biting in comparison to the self-help website and WLC conditions. For other BFRBs (e.g., joint cracking, trichophagia), the impairment subscale showed significant results in post hoc analyses in favor of the two treatment conditions. Subjective ratings of the techniques were satisfactory and comparable across treatment groups, with slightly higher ratings in favor of the video condition.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Conclusions</h3> <p>The video condition showed better improvement than the control condition on nail biting and other BFRBs. Superior results in the self-help website condition compared to the WLC were shown only for the group of “other” BFRBs (i.e., not trichotillomania, nail biting, dermatillomania, lip/cheek biting). We speculate this might be because users were overwhelmed by the many different approaches described without clear guidelines for how to implement them in daily life. In light of a prior study, we assume that a manualized version of the self-help techniques is superior to the video delivery and recommend that the self-help videos should be used as a complement to a manualized version. Future research should address long-term effects of self-help interventions for BFRBs.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139421707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive biases involving readiness to categorise food in terms of calorie content in anorexia nervosa","authors":"Laura Dondzilo, Andrea Phillipou, Stephanie Miles, Nienke Jonker, Emily Jeffery, Colin MacLeod","doi":"10.1007/s10608-023-10462-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10462-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>This research proposes that cognitive biases involving the categorisation of food in terms of calorie content may contribute to restrictive eating in anorexia nervosa (AN). The current study sought to discriminate the validity of two novel hypotheses: (1) People with AN more readily categorise food in terms of calorie content rather than in terms of alternative dimensions (e.g., tastiness), and (2) people with AN have difficulty reclassifying food initially categorised in terms of calorie content, in terms of alternative dimensions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>To test these hypotheses, a novel food categorisation task was developed and delivered to people with a self-reported lifetime diagnosis of AN (<i>N</i> = 48) and to people with no history of an eating disorder (<i>N</i> = 133). Participants categorised food in terms of calorie content or tastiness.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Results revealed that the AN group, relative to the comparison group, was faster to categorise food in terms of calorie content and slower to reclassify food initially categorised in terms of calorie content.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>These findings suggest that AN is characterised by both an inflated tendency to categorise food in terms of calorie content and to become subsequently stuck on this categorisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139423120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body-focused Repetitive Behavior: Towards a Better Understanding of this Prevalent but Undertreated Disorder","authors":"Steffen Moritz, Ivar Snorrason","doi":"10.1007/s10608-023-10460-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10460-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"51 21","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Schema Conceptualisation of Psychosocial Functioning Among Transitioned Military Personnel","authors":"Megan A. Fry, Mark J. Boschen, Shirley A. Morrissey, Ozgur Yalcin, Nicola W. Burton","doi":"10.1007/s10608-023-10455-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10455-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>The military to civilian transition process is often associated with a negative impact on psychosocial functioning. Contemporary approaches to understand this are moving away from focussing on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), to examine the military cultural and environmental impacts of service. Schema theory can provide a useful conceptual framework for understanding these issues. The aim of this study was to explore Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) across three samples: transitioned military personnel, veterans and first responders with PTSD, and general adults.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Method</h3><p>This cross-sectional research used a transitioned military sample recruited specifically for this study (<i>N</i> = 94) and two comparison samples of veterans and first responders diagnosed with PTSD (<i>N</i> = 218), and general adults (<i>N</i> = 264) from previous research. Participants completed a Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ). Independent t-tests were conducted to compare the three samples.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Transitioned military personnel were significantly higher than the general adults on the EMS of Vulnerability to Harm, Entitlement, Emotional Inhibition, Punitiveness and Unrelenting Standards and lower on the schema of Enmeshment. Transitioned military personnel were significantly lower than the PTSD sample on 11 out of the 18 EMS.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The cluster of EMS evident in the transitioned military sample were conceptualised as ‘The Military Mode’. This conceptual framework can be used to understand the psycho-social issues experienced by transitioned military personnel and to inform interventions to promote successful transition.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139036283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruminative Variability Predicts Increases in Depression and Social Anxiety","authors":"Christian A. L. Bean, Jeffrey A. Ciesla","doi":"10.1007/s10608-023-10451-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10451-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Rumination is a well-established contributor to the severity of depression and anxiety. It is unknown, however, whether individual differences in the temporal dynamics of rumination over time predict longitudinal increases in depression or anxiety.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The current study examined whether the dynamic indices of ruminative inertia and variability assessed over 14 days via ecological momentary assessment predicted change in symptoms of depression, general anxiety, and social anxiety at a 90-day follow-up (<i>n</i> = 115).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Controlling for ruminative variability, baseline levels of the dependent variable, sex, and mean levels of momentary rumination, ruminative inertia did not predict change in symptoms of depression, general anxiety, or social anxiety at the 90-day follow-up. In contrast, greater ruminative variability predicted increases in symptoms of both depression and social anxiety but not general anxiety at follow-up. Individuals endorsing higher baseline levels of depressive symptoms demonstrated greater amounts of inertia and variability in their momentary rumination. Greater ruminative variability but not inertia was also associated with higher baseline levels of general anxiety and social anxiety.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>These results suggest that ruminative variability may be a risk factor for increases in symptoms of depression and social anxiety over time and a potentially useful target for clinical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138558354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multi-Method Analysis of the Role of Social Safety Behavior in Loneliness","authors":"Tapan A. Patel, Lauren A. Stentz, Jesse R. Cougle","doi":"10.1007/s10608-023-10449-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10449-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Recent research has found a strong link between loneliness and social anxiety above and beyond other psychological constructs. Given these strong relationships, the present study sought to determine if mechanisms that maintain social anxiety may also play a role in loneliness. Specifically, the present study used two samples to explore the role of social safety behavior (SBs; behaviors intended to avoid, prevent, or manage threat) in loneliness.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In Study 1, we explored this relationship in an unselected sample (<i>N</i> = 98). In Study 2, participants (<i>N</i> = 132) with elevated social anxiety were randomized to a two-week SB fading manipulation or a no-instruction control.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>SBs were positively associated with loneliness, independent of co-occurring social anxiety. Further, changes in SBs were associated with changes in loneliness one-month later, and social anxiety was no longer significantly associated with loneliness once SBs were entered in these models. SB fading led to significantly lower loneliness at post-manipulation, relative to the control condition, though this effect was only found in individuals high in baseline loneliness. Additionally, a moderated mediation model found that for individuals high in pre-manipulation loneliness, change in loneliness was accounted for by change in negative interpretation bias, a key mechanism in both loneliness and social anxiety.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Taken together, these findings indicate that targeting SB may be a viable method of addressing loneliness, though further research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138524906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study Exploring the Additive Clinical Effect of Cognitive Bias Modification-Memory in Depressed Inpatients","authors":"Janna N. Vrijsen, Hanah Windbergs, Eni S. Becker, Norbert Scherbaum, Bernhard W. Müller, Indira Tendolkar","doi":"10.1007/s10608-023-10452-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10452-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Depression often leads to clinical admission. Stimulating positive memory bias through repeated retrieval can counteract a ruminative depressotypic processing style. Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM)-Memory is a psychological intervention, which was evaluated as possible adjunct treatment for depressed inpatients.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A randomized controlled pilot study with a one-week follow-up was implemented to compare the effect of a four-session positive CBM-Memory intervention to a neutral CBM-Memory version. Training-congruent retrieval (as manipulation check), and transfer to rumination (as mechanistic target) and depressive symptoms (self-rated and clinician-rated; indication of clinical relevance) were assessed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>In the intention-to-treat sample (N = 81, <i>M</i>_<i>age</i>=35.6/<i>SD</i> = 11.9, 60% female), condition-congruent memory retrieval of previously presented target words was found after the training and at follow-up (large effect-sizes). Positive CBM-Memory intervention resulted in sustained recall bias and largest rumination reduction with a small-medium effect size. Additionally, the conditions did not differ significantly on the reduction in depressive symptoms.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Positive CBM-Memory intervention yielded positive recall bias, which was still present one week later. Additionally, the positive condition did yield more decrease in trait (but not state) rumination, providing some support for rumination as mechanistic target of positive CBM-Memory. However, there was no evidence for transfer of the training effect to depressive symptoms, indicating no superiority on clinical recovery of the positive over the neutral condition. Future research should examine a higher dosage, integration of CBM in the treatment provision, and its long-term effects in a well-powered trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138524876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Report Measures of Sensory Phenomena in Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors: A Comparison to Healthy Controls","authors":"Sydney Biscarri Clark, Suzanne Mouton-Odum, Christopher A. Flessner, Emily J. Ricketts, Tara S. Peris, Darin D. Dougherty, Douglas W. Woods, Dan J. Stein, Christine Lochner, Jon E. Grant, Nancy J. Keuthen, John Piacentini","doi":"10.1007/s10608-023-10448-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10448-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"48 28","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134902349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolerance of Uncontrollability Questionnaire: Turkish Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation in Clinical and Non-Clinical Samples","authors":"Şengül Tosun Altınöz, Uğur Doğan, Ali Ercan Altınöz, Halil Üzmez","doi":"10.1007/s10608-023-10450-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10450-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"48 30","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134902347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emphasizing Controllability over Biological Processes Underlying Depression: Effects on the Perceived Credibility of Psychotherapy","authors":"Annalise M. Perricone, Woo-kyoung Ahn","doi":"10.1007/s10608-023-10444-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10444-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"13 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135820263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}