Cognitive Therapy and Research最新文献

{"title":"Understanding Veterans' Perceived Improvement in PTSD Treatment: Examining its Association with Clinical Predictors and Clinically Meaningful Improvement Thresholds.","authors":"Emily E Patton, Rhea Mundle, Sarah Pridgen, Philip Held","doi":"10.1007/s10608-025-10637-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10608-025-10637-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients' perceived improvement has utility in contextualizing markers of treatment success, often measured through PTSD severity, other clinical factors, and clinically meaningful improvement (CMI). This study investigated the relationship between perceived improvement, self-reported PTSD symptom changes, and changes in other clinical factors in veterans undergoing PTSD treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from 259 veterans who completed a two-week Cognitive Processing Therapy-based intensive PTSD treatment program. Self-report measures, including the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), assessed symptom severity and perceived improvement. Ordinal logistic regression analyses examined associations between PTSD symptom changes, other clinical factors (e.g., depression, self-efficacy, emotion regulation), and perceived improvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average PCL-5 improvement was 20.93 points, with 87.65% of veterans reporting feeling at least a little better post-treatment. All CMI thresholds were related to perceived improvement. Reductions in PTSD severity significantly predicted higher perceived improvement while self-efficacy and emotion regulation also emerged as significant predictors. In contrast, changes in depression symptoms, negative posttraumatic cognitions, and resilience were not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Perceived improvement in PTSD treatment aligns closely with reductions in PTSD severity and self-regulatory capacities, emphasizing their importance in subjective recovery. While the PGI-I may not fully replace other measures, its alignment with key outcomes and brevity make it a valuable patient-centered tool for assessing treatment effectiveness. Future research should assess the PGI-I's potential to complement or replace existing measures, and evaluate long-term outcomes across diverse treatment settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12442929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety and Depression are Associated with More Distorted Thinking on Social Media: A Longitudinal Multi-Method Study.","authors":"Lauren A Rutter, Andy Edinger, Lorenzo Lorenzo-Luaces, Marijn Ten Thij, Danny Valdez, Johan Bollen","doi":"10.1007/s10608-025-10580-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10608-025-10580-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression and anxiety are associated with patterns of negative thinking that can be targeted through cognitive restructuring as a part of cognitive therapy (CT) or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Our team has created a set of cognitive distortion schemata (CDS) n-grams based on theories underlying CT to measure the linguistic markers that indicate cognitive vulnerability to depression. These CDS were specifically designed to examine online language. Our prior work supports a relationship between CDS and a diagnosis of depression, but less is known about the relationship between online language, CDS, and anxiety. The current study measures if CDS can be detected in people who report anxiety symptoms, and whether CDS increase with symptom severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>1,377 participants were recruited from a study assessing social media use and mental health symptoms, the Studies of Online Cohorts of Internalizing Symptoms and Language (SOCIAL). From this, 804 timelines were harvested, and after removing missing data and bots, our final sample was 537 respondents who posted 999,859 tweets. This is a longitudinal, multi-method design, using surveys and text-based analysis of social media timelines. We used bootstrap resampling to compare differences in CDS prevalence in anxious and depressed participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CDS can be observed in anxiety disorders, significantly increase as a function of anxiety symptom severity, and are related to depression and anxiety comorbidity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using behavioral, affective, and cognitive indicators of distorted thinking from social media may yield new insight into the trajectories of depression and anxiety. This work has implications for the future of CT/CBT and other online interventions that target distorted thinking styles.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"49 4","pages":"712-720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144974569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harm Avoidance and Incompleteness as Motivational Dimensions of OCD: Associations with Clinical and Demographic Traits.","authors":"Heather S Martin, Martha J Falkenstein, Jacob A Nota, Jennie M Kuckertz","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10561-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10608-024-10561-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Content-based models, which focus on observable symptom content, have dominated much of the literature on heterogeneity in OCD. However, alternate models emphasize the motivations underlying different symptom presentations, including harm avoidance (HA) and incompleteness (INC). To promote understanding of these motivations, we examined their associations with various content-based symptom dimensions, obsessive belief patterns, and other clinical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined a large set of demographic and clinical characteristics and their associations with HA and/or INC among individuals (<i>N</i> = 218) receiving treatment for OCD and related disorders in a partial hospital/residential program. We also examined the extent to which HA and INC mapped onto dimensions in prevailing symptom content and obsessive belief models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that women reported more HA than men, and INC was associated with an earlier age of onset. HA and INC were not differentially associated with sexual orientation, self-view, quality of life, depression, or suicidality. HA and INC mapped onto symptom content and obsessive belief models in some, but not all the ways we expected. Notably, contamination/washing in our sample was associated with INC, but not HA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Understanding motivations underlying OCD symptoms may lead to personalized care and improvement in treatment outcomes. We suggest that future research should continue to examine the motivational model, as well as ways in which presentations of each motivation may differ.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"49 4","pages":"795-806"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12333658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Experimental Investigation of the Relationship Between Emotion Regulation Flexibility, Negative Affect and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.","authors":"Madeleine Lim, Angela Nickerson, Philippa Specker","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10536-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10608-024-10536-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Emerging research investigating mechanisms underpinning PTSD has identified emotion regulation (ER) flexibility - the ability to flexibly use ER strategies according to contextual demands - as one promising mechanism. To date, however, no study has investigated whether brief training in ER flexibility can minimise negative affect elicited from evocative stimuli. This study investigated the impact of instructed ER flexibility on emotional responding in probable PTSD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants (<i>N =</i> 148) viewed images that differed in negative emotional intensity (high or low). For each image, participants followed instructions to adopt either a flexible or inflexible ER approach through randomisation to either an <i>ER flexible</i> condition or one of three control conditions (<i>Inflexible Reappraisal</i>, <i>Inflexible Distraction</i>, <i>Context Insensitive</i>). In the <i>ER Flexible</i> condition, participants were instructed to switch between distraction and reappraisal according to the emotional intensity of the image. The control conditions required participants to either employ a single ER strategy (<i>Inflexible Distraction</i> and <i>Inflexible Reappraisal</i>) or switch between strategies in a way that did not align with image intensity (<i>Context Insensitive</i>). Negative affect was rated after each image.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with probable PTSD in the <i>ER Flexible</i> condition demonstrated the lowest levels of negative affect. For participants without probable PTSD, negative affect did not differ between the ER conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that individuals with probable PTSD benefitted from being instructed in ER flexibility. This finding supports the adaptiveness of ER flexibility and provides a preliminary temporal link between instructed ER flexibility and improved emotional responding for those with PTSD.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-024-10536-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"49 2","pages":"249-261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11928379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of an Abbreviated Form of the Cognitive Style Questionnaire.","authors":"Ivan Vargas, Olivia Wier, Abigail H Vance, Gerald J Haeffel","doi":"10.1007/s10608-025-10587-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10608-025-10587-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>According to the Hopelessness Theory of Depression, a negative cognitive style increases an individual's vulnerability to depression during stressful life events. The Cognitive Style Questionnaire (CSQ) is a widely used self-report measure to assess negative cognitive style or cognitive vulnerability. A limitation of the CSQ is its length, limiting its use in larger-scale research and applied settings. This research aims to validate a brief version of the CSQ.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted two studies to develop and validate the CSQ-brief form (CSQ-BF) by (1) empirically determining which scenarios from the CSQ should be included and (2) validating the CSQ-BF. In study one, 207 university students completed the full-scale CSQ, and the six best-fitting items were selected for the CSQ-BF. In study two, 321 university students completed several self-report measures of depressive symptoms, stressor exposure, affect, and the CSQ-BF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A factor analysis supported that the full-scale CSQ is comprised of a single factor structure. Six items were selected for the CSQ-BF based on factor loadings and item categories (to maximize content validity). Results from study two confirmed that the CSQ-BF had strong psychometric properties and could be completed in less time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CSQ-BF offers a more convenient tool for measuring cognitive vulnerability to depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"49 5","pages":"1070-1082"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12449400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'If I am Reminded of my Trauma, I will …': Assessing Threat Expectancies for Being Confronted with Trauma Reminders.","authors":"Marike Jolien Kooistra, Agnes van Minnen, Danielle Oprel, Maartje Schoorl, Willem van der Does, Rianne de Kleine","doi":"10.1007/s10608-025-10582-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10608-025-10582-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Dysfunctional threat appraisal plays a key role in both the development and treatment of PTSD. It is unclear how these appraisals can best be measured. This study aimed to explore the specific negative outcome predictions held by patients with PTSD and to develop and validate the Threat Appraisal in PTSD Scale (TAPS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from a non-clinical (<i>N</i> = 309) and clinical sample (<i>N</i> = 125) to assess the psychometric properties of the TAPS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TAPS had excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminative validity were adequate. The TAPS showed to be sensitive to change following treatment. The TAPS demonstrated incremental validity beyond general cognitions in predicting PTSD symptoms in the combined sample, but not in the patient sample. An exploratory factor analysis suggested three factors: 'losing control', 'externalizing reactions', and 'physical reactions', and patients seemed most concerned about outcomes related to 'losing control'.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings imply that the TAPS could be clinically beneficial, enabling patients and therapists to recognize dysfunctional expectancies and tailor therapeutic interventions accordingly.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-025-10582-5.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"49 4","pages":"769-779"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12287127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Unguided Web-Based Attentional Bias Modification and Affective Working Memory Training to Decrease Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"M D Nuijs, H Larsen, A M Klein, R P P P Grasman, R W Wiers, E L de Voogd, E Salemink","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10565-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10608-024-10565-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cognitive vulnerability to anxiety can partly be explained by an interplay of attentional biases and control processes. This suggests that when aiming to reduce anxiety, simultaneously reducing an attentional bias for threat and strengthening control processes would be the optimal approach. We investigated whether a combined web-based Attentional Bias Modification (ABM) with affective Working Memory Training (WMT) was effective in reducing trait anxiety relative to control conditions and whether state anxiety moderated ABM effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this pre-registered randomized controlled trial, adults with heightened trait anxiety (<i>n</i> = 433) received either an active or control visual search ABM combined with an active or control emotional chessboard WMT training (2 × 2 design). Trait anxiety (primary outcome) was assessed at pre- (T1), mid- (T2), and post-training (T3), and at 1, 2, and 3-months follow-up. Attentional Bias (AB) and Working Memory (WM) capacity were assessed at T1, T2, T3, and FU3. State anxiety was measured prior to each training session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Irrespective of the training conditions, participants showed a decrease in trait anxiety over time. The ABM training was associated with stronger reductions in AB. The WMT training was not associated with more improvements in WM capacity relative to the control condition. No moderating effects of state anxiety, baseline AB or WM capacity were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggested that the current type of ABM combined with WMT in a web-based format, without therapist support, was not effective in reducing trait anxiety beyond control conditions.The study was registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (NTR-NL4525, https://www.onderzoekmetmensen.nl/en/trial/23135).</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-024-10565-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"49 4","pages":"685-701"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12287166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Relationships between Psychological Flexibility and Comorbidity of Depression and Anxiety: A Network Analysis in a Non-Clinical Community Sample","authors":"Duckhyun Jo, Yeji Yang, Eunjoo Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10534-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10534-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Although depression and anxiety often co-occur, the relationship between their symptoms has not been explored in non-clinical populations. Moreover, the relationship between these affective symptoms and psychological flexibility (PF) requires further investigation to improve intervention sensitivity. This study used a network approach to examine the comorbidities of depression and anxiety, and their relationship with PF.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The study sample included 1,059 Korean community participants. Two separate networks were established using items that assess depression, anxiety, and PF. Bridge strength centrality was calculated to identify the components that acted as bridges between different clusters in the network.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The results indicated that the major symptoms related to depression and anxiety symptom clusters were depressed mood, restlessness, and irritability. Additionally, the PF value process was positively associated with combined symptom clusters.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>These findings provide a nuanced understanding of how symptoms and protective processes interact with and influence each other. Clinical implications and future research directions have been discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training to Increase Processing of Positive Content Paradoxically Decreases Positive Memory Bias in High Levels of Depression","authors":"Nour Kardosh, Nilly Mor","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10532-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10532-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Depressive symptoms are associated with reduced processing of and memory for positive content. These cognitive biases maintain depressive states, and are presumed to be interrelated. This study examined the effect of a single-session training to process (or inhibit) positive stimuli, on memory of new emotional content.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Participants (N = 138) were randomly assigned to conditions designed to increase or inhibit processing of positive content. Then, they made self-referential judgments concerning positive, negative and neutral words. Lastly, they free-recalled the words and completed a depression questionnaire.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Training was effective in directing participants’ processing efforts. However, the effect of the training on self-referential judgment and memory for new positive content was only significant when contingent on depression levels. Positive endorsement and recall biases were negatively affected by the positive training among participants with higher depression scores.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>These findings shed light on possible adverse effects of extensive exposure to positive content in depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"290 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lay Theories for Social Anxiety: Examining the Impact of Viewing Social Anxiety as Malleable Due to Personal Effort versus Fixed in Nature in a Non-clinical Sample","authors":"Isabella Roberto, Michael A. Busseri","doi":"10.1007/s10608-024-10531-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10531-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>In a pre-registered study, we evaluated the impact of viewing social anxiety as malleable through personal effort (incremental lay theory) or fixed in nature (entity lay theory) in a non-clinical sample.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>An online community sample of 586 American participants (<i>M</i> age = 40.38 years, 57% female) were randomly assigned to either an incremental, entity, or control condition, and completed various self-report measures.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Participants in the incremental (vs. entity) condition viewed social anxiety as more malleable, perceived greater control over their social anxiety (greater onset responsibility and offset efficacy), reported greater self-compassion and stronger intentions to engage in social behaviours, and yet greater self-blame. Greater baseline social anxiety predicted less perceived control, lower self-compassion, and weaker social behavior intentions, but did not moderate the effects of the lay theory manipulation. Correlational results based on individual differences in lay theories for social anxiety were consistent with findings based on comparisons among experimental conditions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>An incremental mindset concerning social anxiety could be advantageous in helping individuals with various levels of social anxiety manage their fears concerning social evaluation and social interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48316,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Therapy and Research","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}