International Studies Quarterly最新文献_第9页

Speaking Volumes: Introducing the UNGA Speech Corpus 演讲卷：介绍联合国大会发言稿库

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqae001

Linnea R Turco

{"title":"Speaking Volumes: Introducing the UNGA Speech Corpus","authors":"Linnea R Turco","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqae001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqae001","url":null,"abstract":"Many theoretical conclusions core to the study of international politics rely on having access to, and understanding, the rhetoric of international actors. One important development in advancing the empirical study of international relations (IR) theory, therefore, is the availability of machine-analyzable speech data. A collection of fine-grained textual representations of states’ speeches in the context of an important international organization, such as the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), is needed to understand the ideas, preferences, and values that states put forth in their statements. An especially promising use for such a corpus of texts would be to measure states’ preferences based on their statements. In an effort to add to the burgeoning field of text-as-data in IR, I present the UNGA Speech Corpus, a collection of over 34,000 speeches delivered by states in the UNGA from 1993 to 2018. I use it to improve on recent work that links text to preferences in IR by combining a structural topic model with locally trained word embeddings to estimate the policy positions of states on specific topics. I then show how these “topic scores” can help scholars to improve their analyses of exigent international issues, such as global climate change governance.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139573850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Punisher's Dilemma: Domestic Opposition and Foreign Policy Crises 惩罚者的困境：国内反对派与外交政策危机

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqae002

Fahd Humayun

引用次数: 0

The Election Effect: Democratic Leaders in Inter-Group Conflict 选举效应：群体间冲突中的民主领袖

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqad107

Stephen Chaudoin, Sarah Hummel, Yon Soo Park

引用次数: 0

Cross-Network Weaponization in the Semiconductor Supply Chain 半导体供应链中的跨网络武器化

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqae003

Guillaume Beaumier, Madison Cartwright

{"title":"Cross-Network Weaponization in the Semiconductor Supply Chain","authors":"Guillaume Beaumier, Madison Cartwright","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqae003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqae003","url":null,"abstract":"How do states’ positions across multiple and interconnected economic networks affect their power? The Weaponized Interdependence (WI) scholarship emphasizes that states centrally located in global economic networks have access to new sources of coercion. In this paper, we look at how their positions across multiple networks interact with each other to create new opportunities and vulnerabilities. We use network analysis to map the semiconductor supply chain and show that it can be viewed as four interrelated networks: (1) design, (2) raw material, (3) manufacturing equipment, and (4) assembled chips. We then highlight how states’ centrality varies across these networks and how it shapes their respective opportunities for coercion. Looking specifically at the United States, we emphasize how its centrality in the design network enables it to weaponize chokepoints in the trade network of assembled chips. In so doing the paper makes three contributions. First, it highlights how interactions among multiple economic networks provide new opportunities for states to weaponize interdependence. Second, it contributes to recent attempts using network analysis to analyze structural power on the global stage. Last, it demonstrates how network methodology can help detect potential (ab)uses of WI and how the potential for weaponization evolves over time.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139509571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Military Exercises and Network Effects 军事演习和网络效应

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqae004

Kevin Galambos

引用次数: 0

Bureaucracy and Cyber Coercion 官僚主义和网络胁迫

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqad103

Heidi Demarest, Tyler Jost, Robert Schub

{"title":"Bureaucracy and Cyber Coercion","authors":"Heidi Demarest, Tyler Jost, Robert Schub","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqad103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqad103","url":null,"abstract":"States are increasingly incorporating militarized cyber technologies, or cyber weapons, into their defense arsenals, but there is vigorous debate about their coercive utility. Existing scholarship often adjudicates the debate by parsing technical differences between cyber and conventional weapons. This technical approach overlooks a critical consideration: bureaucrats who inform state assessments may hold unique perspectives on coercion due to their organizational affiliation. We make an empirical intervention by fielding a survey experiment on bureaucrats inside US Cyber Command, offering a rare glimpse into elite perceptions. We find little evidence that technical differences between weapons yield systematically different assessments. Bureaucrats perceive that conventional and cyber weapons have statistically indistinguishable coercive utility and battlefield effects. Replicating the study on a public sample, we find that bureaucrats are more optimistic about coercion across all domains and their optimism stems from organizational culture, rather than parochial interests or technical expertise. The findings show how who is responsible for assessing a technology's coercive value can shape estimates even more than which technology is being assessed. Unique perspectives clustered within influential bureaucracies may shape state assessments and policies in ways that diverge from the expectations of analyses that emphasize technical characteristics of military capabilities.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139474313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Super-Networks Shaping International Agreements: Comparing the Climate Change and Nuclear Weapons Arenas 塑造国际协议的超级网络：气候变化与核武器领域的比较

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqad105

Andrea Schapper, Megan Dee

{"title":"Super-Networks Shaping International Agreements: Comparing the Climate Change and Nuclear Weapons Arenas","authors":"Andrea Schapper, Megan Dee","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqad105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqad105","url":null,"abstract":"While research on transnational advocacy networks (TANs) is well established in international relations, knowledge gaps remain concerning TAN collaboration across policy fields. To address this gap, this article highlights how super-networks (networks above individual TANs) emerge across issue areas and explores the tactics utilized to achieve their objectives and shape international agreements. We develop an analytical framework that emphasizes the important interplay between political opportunity structures, mobilizing structures, and tactics in understanding how super-networks operate. We apply this framework via a comparative case study approach, analyzing the Inter-Constituency Alliance, whose advocacy brought about the inclusion of human rights language in the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, and the International Campaign for the Abolition of Nuclear Weapons, whose activities based on humanitarian principles resulted in the 2017 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. Contributing new knowledge to TANs research, we identify that super-networks utilize multilevel advocacy activities that draw upon a package approach tactic. Via the package approach, super-networks synthesize multiple voices from different issue areas into one key message grounded in humanitarian framing, thereby enhancing their moral leverage and legitimacy, making it more difficult for states to neglect their concerns.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139474311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Public and Private Information in International Crises: Diplomatic Correspondence and Conflict Anticipation 更正：国际危机中的公共和私人信息：外交信函与冲突预测

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqad102

引用次数: 0

Theorizing Decision-Making in International Bureaucracies: UN Peacekeeping Operations and Responses to Norm Violations 国际官僚机构决策理论化:联合国维和行动与对违反规范行为的反应

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqad099

Kseniya Oksamytna, Oisín Tansey, Sarah von Billerbeck, Birte Julia Gippert

{"title":"Theorizing Decision-Making in International Bureaucracies: UN Peacekeeping Operations and Responses to Norm Violations","authors":"Kseniya Oksamytna, Oisín Tansey, Sarah von Billerbeck, Birte Julia Gippert","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqad099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqad099","url":null,"abstract":"Many international organizations (IOs) provide assistance to governments through country offices or peacekeeping operations. Sometimes, government authorities in countries receiving IO services violate norms that underpin the IO’s engagement. IO officials must then choose between confrontational and conciliatory responses. These responses are located on a spectrum that ranges from a firm and public response to silence and downplaying. How do IO officials decide on their response? Based on over 200 interviews with UN peacekeeping officials, we argue that the factors that shape their decision-making are found across three categories: individual, departmental, and positional. In terms of individual characteristics, previous experience, career security, and the length of service at a particular duty station matter. Regarding departmental factors, politicization of work, professional composition, and the type of interlocutors predispose departments to be supporters or critics of authorities in recipient countries. In terms of positional considerations, the place of a post or department in the IO hierarchy, relations with other IO entities, and the distance from the field play a role. While important in its own right, decision-making by civilian UN peacekeeping officials is informative about similar processes in other complex international bureaucracies that employ individuals from diverse backgrounds.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":" 643","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138475793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Theorizing Infrastructures in Global Politics 全球政治中的基础设施理论化

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqad101

Christian Bueger, Tobias Liebetrau, Jan Stockbruegger

{"title":"Theorizing Infrastructures in Global Politics","authors":"Christian Bueger, Tobias Liebetrau, Jan Stockbruegger","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqad101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqad101","url":null,"abstract":"A growing wave of studies in international relations is interested in “infrastructure.” Pipelines, ports, financial transaction arrangements, and other large technical systems increasingly occupy the minds of international theorists. This theory note provides direction to the debate by offering an important clarification of the concept of infrastructure and how it is theorized. Scholars have very different understandings of what infrastructures are, why they matter, and how to theorize and study them empirically. By outlining three distinct “styles of theorizing infrastructure,” we provide new directions for future research and how it can contribute to broader debates in international theory. The three styles allow to capture the disagreement over whether infrastructure is a theoretical concept at all, or if it solely refers to empirical phenomena. For some scholars, infrastructures are an object of politics, while others see them as developing political force or even agency on their own. Others see broader potential and note that “infrastructuralism” could provide a major new theoretical vocabulary. Each style provides major new avenues for international theory.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"115 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138455786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1