British Journal of Social Psychology最新文献_第10页

Small gifts, big shifts? Testing the role of contact through reciprocal gifting as a prejudice reduction strategy 小礼物，大转变？通过互赠礼物来测试接触作为减少偏见策略的作用。

IF 3 2区心理学

British Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.70052

Sami Çoksan, Mustafa Tercan, Sabahat Çiğdem Bağcı, Serpil Yıldız-Çoksan

{"title":"Small gifts, big shifts? Testing the role of contact through reciprocal gifting as a prejudice reduction strategy","authors":"Sami Çoksan, Mustafa Tercan, Sabahat Çiğdem Bağcı, Serpil Yıldız-Çoksan","doi":"10.1111/bjso.70052","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjso.70052","url":null,"abstract":"Through two experimental studies (pre-test/post-test/follow-up with control), we tested reciprocal gifting as an indirect contact strategy that could improve Turkish native children's attitudes towards their Syrian refugee peers in the highly prejudicial immigration context of Türkiye. In Study 1 (N = 144), children who were led to believe that they exchanged gifts with their Syrian peers showed more positive outgroup attitudes in the post-test (unlike children in the control group), while there were no significant changes in negative attitudes or social closeness. In Study 2 (N = 207), we implemented an enhanced procedure whereby children created personalized and symbolic gifts, making the reciprocal gifting experience more engaging. Although this revised approach improved positive attitudes and social closeness, negative attitudes remained unchanged, and all outcomes returned to baseline levels at the follow-up stage (approximately 40 days later) in both studies, overall providing evidence for the short-term positive effects of the reciprocal gifting strategy. We discussed the importance of implementing creative strategies in hostile school environments.","PeriodicalId":48304,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12862200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The social psychology of collective violence: Civilian motivations for involvement in the Indonesian May 1998 riots 集体暴力的社会心理学：参与印尼1998年5月暴动的平民动机。

IF 3 2区心理学

British Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.70048

Eunike Mutiara Himawan, Annie Pohlman, Winnifred R. Louis

{"title":"The social psychology of collective violence: Civilian motivations for involvement in the Indonesian May 1998 riots","authors":"Eunike Mutiara Himawan, Annie Pohlman, Winnifred R. Louis","doi":"10.1111/bjso.70048","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjso.70048","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines motivations for participating in the understudied Indonesian riots of May 1998 targeting the ethnic Chinese minority, using an integrative framework addressing intergroup, intragroup and individual factors. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 participants (26 male, 5 female), all aged over 35 and involved in violent acts during the riots, in which thousands of homes and businesses were looted or destroyed, and hundreds of people were raped or murdered. Thematic analysis revealed motivations at three levels: intergroup (ethnic prejudice, animosity towards security forces), intragroup (conformity, fear of missing out) and individual (thrill-seeking, need for significance, greed, impulsivity). Narratives illustrate how these factors interact within a context of socio-political and economic upheaval. Most participants cited motivations at the intragroup and individual levels, with fewer referencing intergroup factors or reporting a single level of motivation. Conformity (an intragroup factor) was reported by all participants. This research highlights the complex interplay of psychological and social dynamics driving collective ethnic violence.","PeriodicalId":48304,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Agreeing to disagree: When do superordinate identities facilitate competing opinion-based groups to work through intergroup conflict? 求同存异：在什么情况下，上级身份会促进基于意见的竞争群体解决群体间的冲突？

IF 3 2区心理学

British Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.70049

Emily A. Haines, Emma F. Thomas, Michael Wenzel

{"title":"Agreeing to disagree: When do superordinate identities facilitate competing opinion-based groups to work through intergroup conflict?","authors":"Emily A. Haines, Emma F. Thomas, Michael Wenzel","doi":"10.1111/bjso.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjso.70049","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing division and conflict amongst groups with different opinions on social and political issues, there is a growing need to effectively manage intergroup conflict. The current paper examined the role of superordinate identities in facilitating—versus hindering—competing opinion-based groups to work through value-based intergroup conflict and reach value consensus. We examined interactions on Wikipedia as a novel, ‘real-world’ context where people with different opinions and perspectives work through disagreement guided by the rules and norms of a Wikipedian superordinate identity. We thematically analysed 22 discussion topics (comprising 9837 words) involving 21 editors on the Wikipedia talk page corresponding to the Indigenous Voice to Parliament article. Analyses revealed that supporters and opponents of the Voice often shared the same values but disagreed about how those values should be expressed (i.e., the implications of those values). Moreover, we found evidence that working through intergroup conflict involved perceiving value consensus—a process which was facilitated by a Wikipedian superordinate identity. The results highlight the conditions under which superordinate groups can productively structure disagreement and attenuate conflict between opinion-based groups.","PeriodicalId":48304,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjso.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From the perspective of the Construal Level Theory: Examining the effect of psychological distance on system justification 从解释水平理论看心理距离对制度正当性的影响

IF 3 2区心理学

British Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.70047

Federica Scarci, Matteo Bonora, Valeria De Cristofaro, Valerio Pellegrini, Mauro Giacomantonio

{"title":"From the perspective of the Construal Level Theory: Examining the effect of psychological distance on system justification","authors":"Federica Scarci, Matteo Bonora, Valeria De Cristofaro, Valerio Pellegrini, Mauro Giacomantonio","doi":"10.1111/bjso.70047","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjso.70047","url":null,"abstract":"The current research examines the relationship between psychological distance and system justification through the lens of the Construal Level Theory. In three experimental studies, we investigated whether and how psychological distance shapes the salience of different levels of social identity relevant to system-justifying tendencies. In Study 1, we investigated the moderating effect of psychological distance on the relationship between membership in different gender-based groups and system justification in the context of gender inequality. In Study 2, we investigated the influence of psychological distance on the extent to which individuals with opposing political ideologies justify the system. Finally, Study 3 deepened Studies 1–2 by comparing the impact of lower- vs. higher-level identity threats as a function of psychological distance. Results suggest that psychological distance reduces system justification among typically high-justifying groups, leading to greater convergence across status and ideological divides. Implications, limitations and future directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48304,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjso.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leading through ‘I’ versus ‘we’: Leader motivation and behaviour rooted in leader identity and team identity 通过“我”与“我们”进行领导：领导者的动机和行为植根于领导者身份和团队身份。

IF 3 2区心理学

British Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.70039

Niklas K. Steffens, Kim Peters, Ronit Kark, S. Alexander Haslam, Josephine Echberg, Jordan Reutas

{"title":"Leading through ‘I’ versus ‘we’: Leader motivation and behaviour rooted in leader identity and team identity","authors":"Niklas K. Steffens, Kim Peters, Ronit Kark, S. Alexander Haslam, Josephine Echberg, Jordan Reutas","doi":"10.1111/bjso.70039","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjso.70039","url":null,"abstract":"We examine how leaders’ self-concepts as a leader (leader identity) and as a team member (team identity) shape motivation and behaviour. In Studies 1 (N = 667) and 2 (N = 432), field surveys of people with leadership responsibility revealed that leader identity predicted more strongly leaders’ motivation to build their personal identity around themselves as a leader than their motivation to engage in identity leadership (building a social identity around team members). Conversely, team identity more strongly predicted motivation to engage in identity leadership than motivation to build a personal identity as a leader. Team identity also predicted greater, whereas leader identity predicted less, team member-oriented organizational citizenship behaviour and resource-sharing with team members. Study 3 (N = 60 leaders; 120 team members), a laboratory experiment with student groups, replicated these findings and examined resource-sharing behaviour in interacting teams. Studies 2 and 3 also examined brief self-reflection as a leadership development tool. Self-reflection on leader distinctiveness strengthened leader identity among new-group leaders, while reflection on team distinctiveness strengthened team identity among established-group leaders. Overall, leader identity and team identity provide distinct bases for leadership, with team identity being a stronger driver of leaders’ motivation to build a sense of ‘us’ and support team members.","PeriodicalId":48304,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Justifying violence and hostility through discourse: A critical discursive psychology analysis of anti-refugee hostility on social media during disasters 以话语为暴力和敌意辩护：灾难期间社交媒体上反难民敌意的批评性话语心理学分析

IF 3 2区心理学

British Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.70041

Selin Tekin, Özden Melis Uluğ, Nevin Solak, Betül Kanık, Gurur Deniz Uyanık

{"title":"Justifying violence and hostility through discourse: A critical discursive psychology analysis of anti-refugee hostility on social media during disasters","authors":"Selin Tekin, Özden Melis Uluğ, Nevin Solak, Betül Kanık, Gurur Deniz Uyanık","doi":"10.1111/bjso.70041","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjso.70041","url":null,"abstract":"Disasters create a fertile context for the scapegoating of minority groups, yet the discursive strategies used to legitimize this hostility remain understudied. This study addresses this gap by analysing how anti-refugee sentiment is discursively justified on social media during a crisis. We investigated how language on social media is used to legitimize hostility against refugees during disasters. Using a critical discursive psychology (CDP) approach, we analysed 345 posts on X that targeted Afghan refugees during the devastating July 2021 wildfires in Türkiye. Our analysis identifies three key discursive strategies that function to justify exclusion while avoiding charges of anti-refugee hostility and racism: (1) constructing refugees as a catastrophic threat akin to disasters; (2) circulating conspiracy theories that blame refugees for causing the crisis; and (3) delegitimizing refugees through categorization practices that question their moral worth and right to belong. Rather than relying on overtly racist language, these strategies draw on rational-seeming arguments about security, resource competition and cultural difference to build a warrant for exclusion. Our research expands the literature on the interplay between discourse and racism by demonstrating how racist verbal strategies are leveraged during disasters to legitimize hostility against refugees, thereby reinforcing social hierarchies and naturalizing exclusionary policies.","PeriodicalId":48304,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The overlap of anti-Black and anti-protest rhetoric: How far-right political commentators preserve anti-Black racist stereotypes in the context of Black Lives Matter debates 反黑人和反抗议言论的重叠：极右翼政治评论员如何在“黑人的命也重要”辩论的背景下保留反黑人的种族主义刻板印象。

IF 3 2区心理学

British Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.70046

Alexander Hunt, Mirko Demasi, Simon Goodman

{"title":"The overlap of anti-Black and anti-protest rhetoric: How far-right political commentators preserve anti-Black racist stereotypes in the context of Black Lives Matter debates","authors":"Alexander Hunt, Mirko Demasi, Simon Goodman","doi":"10.1111/bjso.70046","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjso.70046","url":null,"abstract":"Research has shown that speakers opposing political demonstrations can pathologize protesters campaigning against racial prejudice in order to justify racialized police profiling and brutality. This paper builds on these insights by exploring how right-wing political commentators reinforce the racist stereotype of violent Black people when discussing protests and police brutality in Black Lives Matter (BLM) debates. The dataset includes two debates drawn from Conservative Talk Radio and The Candace Owen Show, where issues concerning anti-Black racism in the United States were discussed—including racialized police brutality and BLM demonstrations. Using discursive and rhetorical psychology, we show how far-right commentators managed their (arguably racist) identities by employing ‘rioter’ categories against the BLM movement. We demonstrate that far-right commentators used anti-protest rhetoric and anti-Black racist tropes to portray BLM activists as uncivilized and violent rioters. Doing so portrayed the BLM movement as using anti-racism as an ulterior motive to enact violence which also downplayed racialized police brutality. This study shows how anti-protest rhetoric and anti-Black stereotypes overlap when right-wing speakers undermine attempts to challenge systemic racism. Black people and protesters are discriminated against in similar ways; both are characterized as violent and uncivilized when they mobilize against structural oppression and inequality.","PeriodicalId":48304,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12835460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146054557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The crisis we are not naming: The psychology of capitalism 我们没有指明的危机是：资本主义的心理。

IF 3 2区心理学

British Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.70044

Karim Bettache

{"title":"The crisis we are not naming: The psychology of capitalism","authors":"Karim Bettache","doi":"10.1111/bjso.70044","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjso.70044","url":null,"abstract":"Psychology has rendered capitalism invisible, treating individualism as cultural inheritance rather than a response to contemporary economic conditions. Building on my recent theoretical framework (Bettache, Personality and Social Psychology Review, 29, 215, 2024), this article explores how capitalism functions as a missing link in psychology—an overlooked generative mechanism that shapes the phenomena we study. Three ‘capitalist syndromes’—Gain Primacy Syndrome (perpetual accumulation as life orientation), Zero-Sum Rivalry Syndrome (competitive ethos eroding social bonds) and Ownership Syndrome (possessive identity formation)—interact recursively to generate a self-enhancement agenda we recognize as individualism. This framework reinterprets established findings, from the correlation between economic development and individualism to social class differences in self-concept, as responses to political-economic structures rather than ancient traditions. Making capitalism visible transforms psychological distress from individual pathology into rational responses to structural dysfunction, opening possibilities for interventions that address root causes rather than merely helping individuals cope with harmful conditions.","PeriodicalId":48304,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjso.70044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145994823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Privileged representations of peace: Perpetuating systemic violence 和平的特权代表：持续的系统性暴力。

IF 3 2区心理学

British Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.70042

Ekin Birdir, Ludwin Molina, canan coşkan

{"title":"Privileged representations of peace: Perpetuating systemic violence","authors":"Ekin Birdir, Ludwin Molina, canan coşkan","doi":"10.1111/bjso.70042","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjso.70042","url":null,"abstract":"Social psychological research typically focuses on promoting peace between groups in conflict by fostering intergroup harmony through prejudice reduction or advancing social justice through collective action. Unfortunately, these investigations rarely consider the mainstream discursive structures and epistemic engagement that normalize collective ethnic/racial violence. We addressed this gap with two mixed-method (i.e., qualitative and quantitative) studies in two contexts (Turkey and the United States), utilizing decolonial frameworks informed by liberation psychology, critical race theory and privileged ethnic/racial (Turkishness and White racial) contracts. Comparative analysis of meta-representations of peace among Turks (Study 1; N = 116) and White Americans (Study 2; N = 151) exposed the overlapping (i.e., negative peace and reliance on the nation-state order) and divergent (i.e., assimilative inclusion and neoliberal individuality) elements of privileged epistemic engagement with peace that align with Turkishness and White racial contracts, perpetuating collective violence. Furthermore, both Turks' and White Americans' ethnic/racial identity endorsement predicted higher perceptions of the state/military contribution to peace, suggesting the role of racial privilege in maintaining systemic violence. To our knowledge, this work is the first social psychological investigation of the Turkishness contract and the comparative analysis of privileged meta-representations of peace.","PeriodicalId":48304,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145986346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Friendships are more group-oriented in the United Kingdom than in Japan 在英国，友谊比在日本更以群体为导向

IF 3 2区心理学

British Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.70040

Philip Howlett, Gülseli Baysu, Tomas Jungert, Anthony P. Atkinson, Shushi Namba, Wataru Sato, Kumpei Mizuno, Magdalena Rychlowska

{"title":"Friendships are more group-oriented in the United Kingdom than in Japan","authors":"Philip Howlett, Gülseli Baysu, Tomas Jungert, Anthony P. Atkinson, Shushi Namba, Wataru Sato, Kumpei Mizuno, Magdalena Rychlowska","doi":"10.1111/bjso.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjso.70040","url":null,"abstract":"Friendship is a common and complex social bond. Among friendship practices yet to be fully understood are group- versus dyadic-oriented friendship styles, or whether people socialize with one versus multiple friends at a time. We report two studies comparing friendship styles and relational mobility among 1674 young adults (18–35 years old) in Japan and the United Kingdom. Respondents from both countries completed the Friendship Habits Questionnaire, a new measure of dyadic- versus group-oriented friendship styles. Participants also estimated their friendship group size and time spent in friendship groups versus dyads, and completed a scale of relational mobility. Participants' group-oriented friendship style, assessed with the Friendship Habits Questionnaire, was associated with larger friendship groups and more time spent in groups, rather than dyads of friends. Compared to Japanese, participants from the United Kingdom had more group-oriented friendship styles and were more relationally mobile. Moreover, group-oriented friendship styles were associated with higher relational mobility. These findings provide insights into models of friendship and social relationships promoted across diverse cultural settings.","PeriodicalId":48304,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjso.70040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145986381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0