Biochemical Genetics最新文献

{"title":"Genome-Wide Identification of COMT Gene Family in Maize and its Function in Response to Light.","authors":"Deying Lei, Yuzhang Chen, Yuan Li, Yanhong Hu, Jiwei Zhang, Licheng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10528-024-10942-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-024-10942-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maize is a major crop, feed, and industrial material. Caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a methylase closely associated with lignin biosynthesis and plant growth and resistance. In this study, we identified the COMT gene (ZmCOMT) family in maize and further analyzed its phylogenetic evolution, subcellular localization, and its function in response to light. Thirty-one ZmCOMT genes were identified in the maize genome, which were distributed across eight chromosomes and mainly clustered on chromosome 4. Most ZmCOMT proteins were predicted to localize in the cytoplasm. Ten different conserved motifs were present in most ZmCOMT proteins, and motif1, motif6, and motif7 were highly conserved and present in all ZmCOMT proteins. The photoresponsivity elements were conserved among all members, and ZmCOMT22 and ZmCOMT10 genes responsive to light. This result suggests a potential function for these two genes in lignin biosynthesis which a previous study had linked to light regulation. Jasmonic acid responsive and abscisic acid cis-acting elements were present in the promoter regions of family members, thus the family may be regulated by hormone signaling pathways of maize. In summary, ZmCOMT genes are ancient, and the highly conserved motifs may be significant in survival and evolution of maize. Furthermore, light may influence lignin biosynthesis and photosynthesis through ZmCOMT genes. This research provided theoretical basis for lignin biosynthesis of maize and the potential value of ZmCOMT22 and ZmCOMT10 genes to enhance plant photosynthesis for facing global warming.</p>","PeriodicalId":482,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142492498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Mitochondrial Cholesterol Efflux via TCF21/ABCA10 Pathway to Enhance Cisplatin Efficacy in Ovarian Cancer.","authors":"Li Li, Hui Cheng, Yang Peng, Dihong Tang","doi":"10.1007/s10528-024-10939-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-024-10939-7","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cisplatin (DDP) resistance is one of the causes of treatment failure for ovarian cancer (OV). Mitochondrial cholesterol level was reported to be associated with OV chemoresistance. We found that ABCA10, a potential cholesterol transport protein, was highly expressed in ovarian tissues and downregulated in OV tissues. Our study aimed to explore TCF21/ABCA10 axis resistance to DDP therapy in ovarian cancer based on regulating mitochondrial cholesterol efflux. Thirty epithelial ovarian cancer tumors and thirty ovarian tissues from non-cancer patients were collected. Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to measure ABCA10 and TCF21 expression levels in these tissues, as well as in a human ovarian epithelial cell line (IOSE-80), OV cells (A2780 and SKOV3), and DDP-resistant OV cell lines (A2780/DDP and SKOV3/DDP). IOSE-80 cells were also infected with ABCA10 knockdown lentivirus to identify the most effective ABCA10 knockdown plasmid. Lentiviral infection was used to create ABCA10 knockdown, ABCA10 overexpression, and TCF21 overexpression anti-DDP OV cell lines. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 and EDU staining, flow cytometry for apoptosis, MTT for metabolic activity, calcium-induced Cytochrome C release, and mitochondrial matrix swelling for mitochondrial function and Oil Red O staining for lipid accumulation. Cholesterol metabolism was evaluated by measuring mitochondrial cholesterol and cholesterol efflux. Protein concentration was determined using the BCA method. A dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed TCF21's interaction with ABCA10. ChIP also verified this interaction. The mRNA level (P &lt; 0.01) and protein level (P &lt; 0.001) of ABCA10 were downregulated in cancer tissues of OV patients relative to normal ovarian tissues. Relative to human ovarian epithelial cells, ABCA10 expression was significantly downregulated in OV cells (P &lt; 0.01) and even more significantly downregulated in DDP-resistant OV cells (P &lt; 0.001). Compared to the group treated solely with DDP, the overexpression of ABCA10 significantly inhibited the proliferation of DDP-resistant OV cells (P &lt; 0.01), markedly reduced the staining intensity of EDU in these cells (P &lt; 0.05), and substantially accelerated apoptosis in DDP-resistant OV cells (P &lt; 0.01).Overexpression of ABCA10 further accelerated Cytochrome C expression and mitochondrial matrix swelling in DDP-resistant OV cells compared to the DDP-alone group (P &lt; 0.01). The addition of cholesterol reversed the decrease in lipid accumulation, the decrease in mitochondrial cholesterol levels (P &lt; 0.05), and the increase in cholesterol efflux (P &lt; 0.01) in DDP-resistant OV cells caused by overexpression of ABCA10. The transcription factor TCF21 was bound to the promoter of ABCA10. Overexpression of TCF21 significantly increased ABCA10 expression in DDP-resistant OV cells (P &lt; 0.01) and increased cytochrome C expression in A2780/DDP (P &lt; 0.05) and SKOV3/DDP (P &lt; 0.01) cells, with accelerated mitochondrial matrix swellin","PeriodicalId":482,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142492499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ets2 Exacerbates Diabetic Retinopathy by Aggravating the Proliferation of Endothelial Cells and Inflammatory Response.","authors":"Song Wang, Ning Bao, Mohan Li, Dongwei Liu, Liming Tao","doi":"10.1007/s10528-024-10938-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-024-10938-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), the most common type of diabetic retinopathy, is a main cause of visual and impairment blindness. Abnormal neovascularization, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular inflammation are important mechanisms for the development of PDR. Ets2 regulates angiogenesis-related genes and inflammation, however, the effect of Ets2 in PDR procession has not been clarified. Thus, this study is performed to investigate whether Ets2 exerts key functions in PDR. In this study, 10-week-old mice were used for establishing STZ-induced diabetic mice, and Ets2 expression was analyzed in retina tissues. Besides, newborn mice were applied to construct oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) models. The Ets2 expression, oxidative stress, and inflammation were detected in retina tissues. We found that Ets2 was highly expressed in retina tissues both in diabetic mice and OIR mice. Oxidative stress and inflammatory processes are two factors contributing to the pathogenesis of PDR. In retinal tissues of OIR mice, Ets2 knockdown inhibited expression of inflammatory mediators VEGFA, IL-6, and IL-8, and biomarkers of oxidative stress MCP-1, VCAM-1, and iNOS. ROS production was also inhibited by silencing Ets2. Ets2 deficiency inhibited endothelial cell proliferation in the retina. Furthermore, Ets2 knockdown contributed to suppressing the expression of angiogenesis-related genes VEGFA, JUNB, MMP-9, Tie2, Ang-2, and EphB4. Our study highlights that Ets2 accelerates PDR procession by promoting the proliferation of endothelial cells, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which provides a novel target against PDR.</p>","PeriodicalId":482,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MiR-497-5p Ameliorates Deep Venous Thrombosis by Facilitating Endothelial Progenitor Cell Migration and Angiogenesis by Regulating LITAF.","authors":"Shuguo Xu, Zhihong Yang, Longbiao Li, Yuansheng Cui, Zhen Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10528-024-10927-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-024-10927-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a clinical manifestation of venous thromboembolism and a major global burden of cardiovascular disease. In recent years, the crucial role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cardiovascular disease has been confirmed. Here, we aimed to investigate the specific effect of miR-497-5p on DVT. The endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were obtained from the bone marrow of newborn rats and transfected with miR-497-5p mimics or/and pcDNA3.1/lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF factor (LITAF). The proliferation and migration abilities of EPCs were detected using CCK-8 assay and transwell assay, respectively. Angiogenesis was evaluated using tube formation assay. The interaction of miR-497-5p and LITAF was confirmed by luciferase reporter experiment. DVT rat model in vivo was established by inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation in Sprague-Dawley rats. Histological analysis of IVC tissue was conducted by hematoxylin-eosin staining. We found that enhancing miR-497-5p expression facilitated the abilities of proliferation and migration of EPCs. Additionally, overexpression of miR-497-5p increased the capacity of EPCs to form capillary tubes on Matrigel. LITAF was found to be targeted by miR-497-5p and negatively regulated by miR-497-5p. Overexpression of LITAF counteracted the miR-497-5p overexpression's effect on the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis abilities of EPCs. Moreover, the injection of agomir-miR-497-5p alleviated thrombus formation, reduced thrombus weight, and reduced the serum level of D-dimer in DVT rat model by reducing LITAF expression. This study suggests that miR-497-5p alleviates DVT by facilitating EPCs proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis by targeting LITAF.</p>","PeriodicalId":482,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Analysis of Potential Biomarkers Associated with Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Cervicitis.","authors":"Wantao Liang, Yanyuan Bai, Hua Zhang, Yan Mo, Xiufang Li, Junming Huang, Yangliu Lei, Fangping Gao, Mengmeng Dong, Shan Li, Juan Liang","doi":"10.1007/s10528-024-10919-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-024-10919-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early diagnosis of cervicitis is important. Previous studies have found that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory roles in many diseases, suggesting that they may be involved in the inflammation of the uterine cervix and NETs-related genes may serve as biomarkers of cervicitis. However, what NETs-related genes are associated with cervicitis remains to be determined. Transcriptome analysis was performed using samples of exfoliated cervical cells from 15 patients with cervicitis and 15 patients without cervicitis as the control group. First, the intersection of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and neutrophil extracellular trap-related genes (NETRGs) were taken to obtain genes, followed by functional enrichment analysis. We obtained hub genes through two machine learning algorithms. We then performed Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and nomogram construction, confusion matrix, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and immune cell infiltration analysis. Moreover, we constructed ceRNA network, mRNA-transcription factor (TF) network, and hub genes-drug network. We obtained 19 intersecting genes by intersecting 1398 DEGs and 136 NETRGs. 5 hub genes were obtained through 2 machine learning algorithms, namely PKM, ATG7, CTSG, RIPK3, and ENO1. Confusion matrix and ROC curve evaluation ANN model showed high accuracy and stability. A nomogram containing the 5 hub genes was established to assess the disease rate in patients. The correlation analysis revealed that the expression of ATG7 was synergistic with RIPK3. The GSEA showed that most of the hub genes were related to ECM receptor interactions. It was predicted that the ceRNA network contained 2 hub genes, 3 targeted miRNAs, and 27 targeted lnRNAs, and that 5 mRNAs were regulated by 28 TFs. In addition, 36 small molecule drugs that target hub genes may improve the treatment of cervicitis. In this study, five hub genes (PKM, ATG7, CTSG, RIPK3, ENO1) provided new directions for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cervicitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":482,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil-related Signature Characterizes Immune Landscape and Predicts Prognosis of Invasive Breast Cancer.","authors":"Wenge Dong, Jiejing Li, Zhigang Zhuang","doi":"10.1007/s10528-024-10940-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-024-10940-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a leading prevalent malignancy, breast cancer remains a significant worldwide health issue. Recent research indicates that neutrophils play a crucial role in breast cancer development. The prognostic significance of neutrophil-related genes (NRGs) or the immune landscape of the neutrophil-related signature in invasive breast cancer (IBC) is, nevertheless, unknown. To uncover innovative therapy alternatives, the significance of the neutrophil-related signatures in IBC was evaluated here. Briefly, a prediction model based on neutrophil-related core prognostic genes and The Cancer Genome Atlas data was created (TCGA). The model may assess IBC patients' prognosis. The IBC data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) confirmed the prognostic accuracy of the model. The overall survival (OS) of patients was worse in the group with a high NRGs score compared to the group with a low NRGs score. In addition, patients with low NRGs scores were considerably more sensitive to vinorelbine, cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, docetaxel, and cisplatin. Patients with low NRGs scores responded better to CTLA-4 and PD-1 treatments. Additionally, the immune microenvironment components were more abundant in patients with low NRGs scores. Moreover, qRT-PCR results confirmed that LEF1 had a higher expression level in tumor samples compared to normal samples, whereas NRG1 and STX11 exhibited lower expression levels in tumor samples than in normal samples. These results suggest that NRGs might be utilized as biomarkers to predict the prognosis of individuals with IBC, thereby paving the way for the creation of customized therapies for IBC.</p>","PeriodicalId":482,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of the Prognostic Signature with Genes Related to G2/M Checkpoint in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Dapeng Wu, Baiyang Zhu, Zonglong Nie, Qingnuan Kong, Wenjing Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s10528-024-10931-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-024-10931-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the world. Prognostic indicators such as clinicopathological characteristics and single molecular signature are far from satisfactory in clinical practice. More and more researches have suggested that polygenic prognostic features could predict the prognosis of cancer more precisely than single genes nowadays. In this study, we performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to identify the sets of TCGA hallmark genes. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to select preliminary genes, and then multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify genes associated with overall survival (OS). We also used Kaplan-Meier analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to validate the prognostic gene signature. Lastly, qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of these genes in clinical samples, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to confirm the signature. A 12-gene signature was finally built and the risk score was significantly associated with the survival of the patients. Subsequent validation by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining in clinical specimens confirmed the value of the risk score in predicting the prognosis. We developed a 12-gene signature that could predict the prognosis of HCC patients. This signature is of high precision and would help identifying subgroups of HCC patients with high or low risk of unfavorable survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":482,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Biomarkers and Mechanisms Associated with Apoptosis in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.","authors":"Xiaofeng Zhao, Yunhong Yang, Qiuyue Xie, Jiahan Qiu, Xiaofeng Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10528-024-10932-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-024-10932-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we employed bioinformatics techniques to identify genes associated with apoptosis in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). We retrieved the RPL expression profile datasets GSE165004 and GSE73025 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We also obtained data from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway of Apoptosis (hsa04210) to identify apoptosis-related genes. In addition, we performed Friends analysis to explore the interactions between differential apoptosis genes and other genes in the functional pathway. We identified six differentially expressed genes related to apoptosis, including CTSZ, BCL2, PIK3CD, KRAS, GADD45G, and CASP8, with GADD45G as the most gene. Functional fertility analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes primarily regulated protein stability, cell number homeostasis, myeloid cell homeostasis, hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation, lytic vacuole and lysosome functions, vacuolar and lysosomal membranes, transmembrane transporter binding, protein domain-specific binding, G-protein beta-subunit binding, phospholipid binding, and were involved in pathways such as Rap1 signaling, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and NOD-like receptor signaling. KRAS exhibited the highest mutation rate in RPL-related cancer CESC. There was also a positive correlation between differentially expressed genes and B cell memory, CD4 memory resting T cells, follicular helper T cells, naïve B cells, and resting dendritic cells. We identified six differentially expressed genes related to apoptosis in RPL, with GADD45G as the most important. NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and regulation of actin cytoskeleton could be therapeutic targets for RPL.</p>","PeriodicalId":482,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Verification of Potential Markers Related to Myocardial Fibrosis by Bioinformatics Analysis.","authors":"Jiazhuo Huang, Zhentao Shi, Zhifeng Huang, Shaobin Lai","doi":"10.1007/s10528-024-10937-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-024-10937-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mounting evidence indicates that myocardial fibrosis (MF) is frequently intertwined with immune and metabolic disorders. This comprehensive review aims to delve deeply into the crucial role of immune-related signature genes in the pathogenesis and progression of MF. This exploration holds significant importance as understanding the underlying mechanisms of MF is essential for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The dataset GSE9735 about myocardial fibrosis and non-fibrosis was downloaded from GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by 'limma' package in R software. Then, the biological function of DEG was determined by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. XCell was used to estimate the composition pattern of matrix and immune cells. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed based on STRING analysis software, and Hub genes were screened and functional modules were analyzed. The correlation between hub genes and immune cell subtypes was analyzed. Hub genes with |correlation coefficient|> 0.45 and p-value < 0.05 were used as characteristic biomarkers. Finally, the logistic regression model is used to verify the three markers in the training set and verification set (GSE97358 and GSE225336). A total of 635 DEGs were identified. Functional enrichment analysis shows that inflammation and immune response, extracellular matrix and structural remodeling play an important role in the pathological mechanism of MF. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that immune cells (Plasma cells, Eosinophils, Chondrocytes and Th2 cells) significantly changed in MF pathological conditions. In PPI network analysis, IL1β, TTN, PTPRC, IGF1, ALDH1A1, CYP26A1, ALDH1A3, MYH11, CSF1R and CD80 were identified as hub genes, among which IL1β, CYP26A1 and GNG2 were regarded as immune-related characteristic markers. The AUC scores of the three biomarkers are all above 0.65, which proves that they have a good discrimination effect in MF. In this study, three immune-related genes were identified as diagnostic biomarkers of MF, which provided a new perspective for exploring the molecular mechanism of MF. This study takes a comprehensive approach to understanding the intricate relationship between myocardial fibrosis and immune metabolism. By identifying key immune-related biomarkers, this study not only reveals the molecular basis of myocardial fibrosis but also paves the way for the development of novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies. These findings are critical for improving patient prognosis and may have broader implications for studying and treating other cardiovascular diseases associated with immune dysregulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":482,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycyrrhizic Acid Inhibits Hippocampal Neuron Apoptosis by Activating the PI3K/ AKT Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Guanglei Fu, Xuedi Kang, Songjun Lin","doi":"10.1007/s10528-024-10936-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-024-10936-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), one of the main active substances in Glycyrrhiza, has anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and neuroprotective effects. GA can significantly reduce cerebral infarction size in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats and suppress inflammatory responses. However, the underlying mechanism by which GA protects the neuronal system remains poorly understood. Cell proliferation and viability were tested using CCK-8 and Edu assays. The effects of GA on apoptosis were detected using flow cytometry and Tunel assays. Western blotting was performed to assess protein expression. Behavioral experiments were conducted using the Morris water maze and rotation tests. Infarct size was observed using TTC staining. We report that GA protects neurons by inhibiting apoptosis, mainly through the PI3K/AKT pathway in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and MCAO rat models. GA increases the viability and proliferation of oxygen- and glucose-deprived hippocampal neurons. Hippocampal neuron apoptosis decreased after GA treatment in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we determined that GA treatment increased the active state of PI3K and its downstream protein p-AKT, whereas when using a specific inhibitor of PI3K, Y294002, the levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT decreased. Finally, we showed that GA treatment improved spatial memory and motor coordination in MCAO rats, while TTC staining showed that GA decreased cerebral infarct size in MCAO rats. We reveal that GA protects hippocampal neurons by inhibiting their apoptosis, mainly through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":482,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}