International Journal of Research in Marketing最新文献_第4页

Hitting the bullseye: Accurately measuring willingness to pay for innovations with open and closed direct questions 正中靶心：用开放式和封闭式直接问题准确衡量创新的支付意愿

IF 7 2区管理学

International Journal of Research in Marketing Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2023.12.003

Jonas Schmidt , Michael Steiner , Manfred Krafft , Nadine Eckel , Darren W. Dahl

{"title":"Hitting the bullseye: Accurately measuring willingness to pay for innovations with open and closed direct questions","authors":"Jonas Schmidt , Michael Steiner , Manfred Krafft , Nadine Eckel , Darren W. Dahl","doi":"10.1016/j.ijresmar.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijresmar.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Knowledge of a customer’s willingness to pay (WTP) at early stages of product development is key to the success of innovations. However, since innovative products do not exist yet, only the hypothetical WTP can be surveyed, inducing a measurement bias. Unfortunately, little is known about the factors that induce this bias and how it differs depending on the method utilized in measuring WTP. We address this gap by focusing on direct methods to survey hypothetical WTP. Based on anchoring theory and the corresponding psychological mechanisms for open questions as well as closed questions, we conducted two experiments, each comprised of a survey and a field study. The experiments differ regarding the product category and the product’s degree of innovativeness. Our results show that open questions are less accurate in estimating real WTP than closed questions. Further, our research offers insights into moderating factors that influence the efficacy of open and closed questions. For example, for customers with a very high product category knowledge, open questions are applicable, while closed questions result in higher accuracy when accounting for the customers’ cognitive abilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48298,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Marketing","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 383-402"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016781162300085X/pdfft?md5=48a96b2913080b49b24b49b2ad89cb7a&pid=1-s2.0-S016781162300085X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138824103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced sales forecasting model using textual search data: Fusing dynamics with big data 利用文本搜索数据增强销售预测模型：动态与大数据的融合

IF 7 2区管理学

International Journal of Research in Marketing Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.05.007

Abhishek Borah, Oliver Rutz

{"title":"Enhanced sales forecasting model using textual search data: Fusing dynamics with big data","authors":"Abhishek Borah, Oliver Rutz","doi":"10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"Forecasting sales is an essential marketing function, and, for most businesses, sales are driven by own and competitive activities. Most firms use their own marketing efforts or a selection of their competitor’s marketing efforts for forecasting sales. Due to data availability limitations, data on the full set of competitors are rarely used when forecasting sales. The emergence of online search data provides access to a novel data source on own as well as never-before observed competitive activities. We propose a novel regularized dynamic forecasting model utilizing all available competitive search data in a market vs. constructing ad-hoc and potentially subjective smaller competitive sets. Our model addresses the inherent statistical issue that arises when including a large number of competitive effects and parsimoniously utilizes all competitive data. We demonstrate our model using data from the US automobile industry over a twelve-year period and forecast car-model sales for 14 exemplary car-models utilizing multiple search measures for all 374 potential competitive car-models. We show that our model fits and forecasts sales better than models not leveraging the full competitive search data, e.g., using subjective sets of relevant competitors or narrowly defined category competitors. We also find that market research done via novel large-language models (also called LLMs) to obtain a narrower set of competitors does not outperform our proposed model that includes the full set of competitors.","PeriodicalId":48298,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Marketing","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141528969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acceptability lies in the eye of the beholder: Self-other biases in GenAI collaborations 可接受性取决于观察者的眼睛：GenAI 合作中的自他偏见

IF 5.9 2区管理学

International Journal of Research in Marketing Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.05.006

{"title":"Acceptability lies in the eye of the beholder: Self-other biases in GenAI collaborations","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since the release of ChatGPT, heated discussions have focused on the acceptable uses of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in education, science, and business practices. A salient question in these debates pertains to perceptions of the extent to which creators contribute to the co-produced output. As the current research establishes, the answer to this question depends on the evaluation target. Nine studies (seven preregistered, total <em>N</em> = 4498) document that people evaluate their own contributions to co-produced outputs with ChatGPT as higher than those of others. This systematic self–other difference stems from differential inferences regarding types of GenAI usage behavior: People think that they predominantly use GenAI for inspiration, but others use it to outsource work. These self–other differences in turn have direct ramifications for GenAI acceptability perceptions, such that usage is considered more acceptable for the self than for others. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for science, education, and marketing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48298,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Marketing","volume":"41 3","pages":"Pages 496-512"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167811624000442/pdfft?md5=a26e94db00a27c29fd93edf4f09be34c&pid=1-s2.0-S0167811624000442-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Where’s Waldo? A framework for quantifying the privacy-utility trade-off in marketing applications 沃尔多在哪里？量化营销应用中隐私与效用权衡的框架

IF 5.9 2区管理学

International Journal of Research in Marketing Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.05.003

{"title":"Where’s Waldo? A framework for quantifying the privacy-utility trade-off in marketing applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Firms can rely on various data protection methods to comply with the General Data Protection Regulation’s (GDPR) anonymization directive. We develop a privacy attack to estimate customers’ privacy risk and find that data protection methods commonly used in practice do not offer a reliable guarantee of privacy protection.We therefore develop a framework that describes the use of deep learning to generate synthetic data that are both (differentially) private, and useful for marketing analysts. Empirically, we apply our framework to two privacy-sensitive marketing applications in which an analyst is faced with everyday managerial practices. In contrast to GDPR’s directive to minimize data collection, we show that customers’ privacy risk can be reduced by blending into a large crowd: a “Where’s Waldo” effect. Our framework provides a data protection method with a formal privacy guarantee and allows analysts to quantify, control, and communicate privacy risk levels with stakeholders, draw meaningful insights, and share data even under privacy regulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48298,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Marketing","volume":"41 3","pages":"Pages 529-546"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167811624000417/pdfft?md5=d465a52bb9b3ac66aa6929524a8887d0&pid=1-s2.0-S0167811624000417-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141133930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generative AI for scalable feedback to multimodal exercises 为多模态练习提供可扩展反馈的生成式人工智能

IF 5.9 2区管理学

International Journal of Research in Marketing Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.05.005

{"title":"Generative AI for scalable feedback to multimodal exercises","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Detailed feedback on exercises helps learners become proficient but is time-consuming for educators and, thus, hardly scalable. This manuscript evaluates how well Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) provides automated feedback on complex multimodal exercises requiring coding, statistics, and economic reasoning. Besides providing this technology through an easily accessible web application, this article evaluates the technology’s performance by comparing the quantitative feedback (i.e., points achieved) from Generative AI models with human expert feedback for 4,349 solutions to marketing analytics exercises. The results show that automated feedback produced by Generative AI (GPT-4) provides almost unbiased evaluations while correlating highly with (r = 0.94) and deviating only 6 % from human evaluations. GPT-4 performs best among seven Generative AI models, albeit at the highest cost. Comparing the models’ performance with costs shows that GPT-4, Mistral Large, Claude 3 Opus, and Gemini 1.0 Pro dominate three other Generative AI models (Claude 3 Sonnet, GPT-3.5, and Gemini 1.5 Pro). Expert assessment of the qualitative feedback (i.e., the AI’s textual response) indicates that it is mostly correct, sufficient, and appropriate for learners. A survey of marketing analytics learners shows that they highly recommend the app and its Generative AI feedback. An advantage of the app is its subject-agnosticism—it does not require any subject- or exercise-specific training. Thus, it is immediately usable for new exercises in marketing analytics and other subjects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48298,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Marketing","volume":"41 3","pages":"Pages 468-488"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167811624000430/pdfft?md5=d14511d90c27f59a0f56bcf556127413&pid=1-s2.0-S0167811624000430-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141138948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Consumer-driven climate mitigation: Exploring barriers and solutions in studying higher mitigation potential behaviors 消费者驱动的气候减缓：探索研究更高减排潜力行为的障碍和解决方案

IF 5.9 2区管理学

International Journal of Research in Marketing Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.04.001

{"title":"Consumer-driven climate mitigation: Exploring barriers and solutions in studying higher mitigation potential behaviors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A systematic review of sustainable consumer behaviors in five prominent consumer research journals revealed that green behaviors with greater potential for climate mitigation (e.g., plant-based consumption) have not been broadly studied, indicating promising opportunities for future research. In an exploratory survey, we conceptually replicate this finding using a sample of consumer researchers with a general interest in studying higher-potential behaviors. We explore potential explanations, including researchers' focus on construct-to-construct mapping, preference for behaviors they personally experience or find easy to implement, lack of clear incentives to study higher-potential behaviors, and inadequate understanding of mitigation potential. To help shift consumer researchers’ focus on higher-potential behaviors, we offer concrete recommendations, such as proactively considering mitigation potential both as authors and reviewers, and utilizing phenomenon-to-construct mapping for enhancing theoretical contributions. In sum, this research will help interested consumer researchers to provide more relevant answers to the urgent challenge of climate change mitigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48298,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Marketing","volume":"41 3","pages":"Pages 513-528"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016781162400020X/pdfft?md5=bb1395e594450e5d3322bdc2750bcdc5&pid=1-s2.0-S016781162400020X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140799167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Loss framing increases entity theorists’ vaccine uptake 损失框架增加了实体理论家的疫苗接种率

IF 7 2区管理学

International Journal of Research in Marketing Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.04.002

Shaobo Li, Nuoya Chen, Elaine Chan, Yang Guo

{"title":"Loss framing increases entity theorists’ vaccine uptake","authors":"Shaobo Li, Nuoya Chen, Elaine Chan, Yang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"Although vaccination is an effective way to protect individuals against contagious diseases (e.g., COVID-19 and influenza), vaccine hesitancy remains widespread. This research seeks to understand why some individuals are hesitant to be vaccinated and proposes communication strategies to increase their vaccine uptake. Specifically, we examine how individuals’ implicit theory orientation (entity vs. incremental) drives their vaccine hesitancy and how different message framing techniques (gain vs. loss) can mitigate this tendency and increase vaccine uptake. Across six studies (N = 2,773, among which three studies were pre-registered), we demonstrate that entity (vs. incremental) theorists exhibit lower intentions for vaccination against various contagious diseases. Moreover, entity theorists’ vaccination intentions were higher when framing the consequences of not getting vaccinated as a loss than framing the benefits of getting vaccinated as a gain. In contrast, message framing does not affect incremental theorists’ intentions for vaccination. In conclusion, this research enhances our understanding of factors influencing vaccine uptake, sheds light on the interaction between implicit theory orientation and message framing in the context of infectious diseases and offers practical communication strategies for health officials and policymakers to address vaccine hesitancy.","PeriodicalId":48298,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Marketing","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Marketing strategies in reward-based crowdfunding: The role of demand uncertainties 奖励式众筹的营销策略：需求不确定性的作用

IF 7 2区管理学

International Journal of Research in Marketing Pub Date : 2024-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.03.001

Peng Wang, Bikram Ghosh, Yong Liu

{"title":"Marketing strategies in reward-based crowdfunding: The role of demand uncertainties","authors":"Peng Wang, Bikram Ghosh, Yong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"Reward-based crowdfunding has become an attractive option for entrepreneurs to launch new businesses. This paper examines crowdfunding entrepreneurs’ decision-making facing uncertain demands to shed light on the quality, pricing, and advertising strategies of crowdfunded products. At the core of our analysis are two fundamental mechanisms of reward-based crowdfunding (the All-Or-Nothing, or AON, funding model and ex-ante pricing) and their interactions with two prevalent demand uncertainties in new product development, namely market size uncertainty and consumer valuation uncertainty. Our results show that AON benefits the entrepreneur by safeguarding against both types of demand uncertainty. Ex-ante pricing, however, is harmful through the uncertainty in consumer valuation but not in market size. AON boosts product quality, price, and advertising spending while ex-ante pricing hinders these important marketing decisions. In further examining how market size versus consumer valuation uncertainty affects new product profitability, we find that greater uncertainty in market size can be profit-enhancing. However, the case of consumer valuation uncertainty is more nuanced, featuring a U-shaped impact on profitability. The paper offers insights and managerial implications to entrepreneurs, investors, and crowdfunding platforms.","PeriodicalId":48298,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Marketing","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sharing information with AI (versus a human) impairs brand trust: The role of audience size inferences and sense of exploitation 与人工智能(vs人类)共享信息损害品牌信任:受众规模推断和剥削感的作用

IF 7 2区管理学

International Journal of Research in Marketing Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2023.08.011

Deniz Lefkeli , Mustafa Karataş , Zeynep Gürhan-Canli

{"title":"Sharing information with AI (versus a human) impairs brand trust: The role of audience size inferences and sense of exploitation","authors":"Deniz Lefkeli , Mustafa Karataş , Zeynep Gürhan-Canli","doi":"10.1016/j.ijresmar.2023.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijresmar.2023.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research examines whether and why disclosing information to AI as opposed to humans influences an important brand-related outcome—consumers’ trust in brands. Results from two pilot studies and nine controlled experiments (n = 2,887) show that consumers trust brands less when they disclose information to AI as opposed to humans. The effect is driven by consumers’ inference that AI shares information with a larger audience, which increases consumers’ sense of exploitation. This, in turn, decreases their trust in brands. In line with our theorizing, the effect is stronger among consumers who are relatively more concerned about the privacy of their data. Furthermore, the negative consequences for brands can be mitigated when (1) customers are informed that the confidentiality of their information is protected, (2) AI is anthropomorphized, and (3) the disclosed information is relatively less relevant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48298,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Marketing","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 138-155"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167811623000654/pdfft?md5=618e37ca0779d612a6b0cc0cf08446cf&pid=1-s2.0-S0167811623000654-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48486669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The intended and unintended effects of synced advertising: When persuasion knowledge could help or backfire 同步广告的预期和非预期效果:说服知识何时起作用或起反作用

IF 7 2区管理学

International Journal of Research in Marketing Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2023.07.001

Claire M. Segijn , Eunah Kim , Garim Lee , Chloe Gansen , Sophie C. Boerman

{"title":"The intended and unintended effects of synced advertising: When persuasion knowledge could help or backfire","authors":"Claire M. Segijn , Eunah Kim , Garim Lee , Chloe Gansen , Sophie C. Boerman","doi":"10.1016/j.ijresmar.2023.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijresmar.2023.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developments in digital technologies have extended the abilities of marketers to collect, process, and share consumer data to optimize personalized messages across media in real time, a strategy known as synced advertising. Previous research has found promising effects related to synced advertising. At the same time, consumer knowledge appears to be low, and informing consumers could increase their critical attitudes towards synced ads. Our eye-tracking lab study (<em>N</em> = 163) showed that informing consumers on synced advertising helps them to understand and increase their knowledge about this new marketing strategy. Moreover, this strategy increases recall of the product mentioned on TV as well as perceived surveillance. Finally, we found that all participants closed the synced ad with an average of 6.5 s and fixated on it for an average of 1.3 s. This study contributes to the growing literature on synced advertising by empirically investigating the impact of consumer knowledge on the tensions and opportunities of this new marketing strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48298,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Marketing","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 156-169"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167811623000459/pdfft?md5=3d7051fe7f1d2abd325bae69060dc0c8&pid=1-s2.0-S0167811623000459-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41491475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0