Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Virtual reality educational scenarios for students with ASD: Instruments validation and design of STEM programmatic contents","authors":"Rui Manuel Silva ,&nbsp;Paulo Martins ,&nbsp;Tânia Rocha","doi":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Virtual Reality (VR) is making education more engaging and accessible, especially for students with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), promoting inclusion and the development of STEM skills in innovative ways. The literature still reveals a significant gap in terms of appropriate educational resources adapted to the specific needs of these students, resulting in difficulties in their inclusion. With the growing need for inclusive approaches in education, it is essential to find solutions to support these students. The aim of this study is to validate the data collection methodology that will enable the development of Virtual Learning Environments with STEM content for students with ASD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Design Science Research (DSR) methodology was used to develop a VR artefact for students with ASD. In addition, the Delphi method was applied in the expert involvement phase, which will contribute to the validation of the artefact's specific requirements. Both will allow for an inclusive and distinctive approach to the development of an artefact, with the aim of offering an innovative educational experience, meeting the varied needs and learning styles of students with ASD, optimising the effectiveness of the proposed VLE.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results show a strong acceptance among experts, highlighting the potential positive impact of this approach, although there are aspects to be improved to ensure a more comprehensive and effective approach.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the successful validation of an innovative virtual reality programme for students with ASD, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and the strong contribution to the advancement of inclusive education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48255,"journal":{"name":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The spectrum effect: Convergence of clinical and neuropsychological characteristics in adults referred for autism assessment","authors":"Federico Maria Larcher ,&nbsp;Michael Grözinger","doi":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clinical and neuropsychological profiles of adults referred for autism assessment are not thoroughly understood, and information derived from studies comparing autistic adults to neurotypical controls might not be accurate to infer on individuals in a real-world, clinical setting. 263 adults (aged 18–65 years, 70 % males) referred to our clinic with a suspected diagnosis of autism were clinically explored and administered neuropsychological investigations. The suspected diagnosis was either confirmed or rejected. We conducted multivariate and post-hoc univariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA; ANCOVA), controlling for possible confounders, to evaluate differences between autistic and non-autistic participants and further associations. Effect sizes (partial <em>η²</em>) were calculated for significant results. There were no significant differences in age means and sex ratios. Both groups showed high Autism Questionnaire (AQ) scores, high schizoid, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive scores, and mild depressive symptoms, without significant difference between groups. The effect sizes of differences ranged from negligible to small for measures of nonsocial cognition, but were large for a measure of social cognition, the emotion recognition 40 (ER40). Autistic and non-autistic participants present converging features across multiple measures. In this diagnostic setting, psychiatric and neuropsychological measures are helpful in identifying individual difficulties and strengths. However, most of them, including the AQ, are poor indicators of autism. Our results mostly aligned with previous research and showed that information derived from comparisons to neurotypical controls cannot be directly transferred to a real-world setting. Detected impairments in emotion recognition were fairly specific to autism, expanding on previous findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48255,"journal":{"name":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of vocal communication and atypicality in mandarin-speaking children with autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, and typical development","authors":"Min Liu ,&nbsp;Yanxia Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyu Hu ,&nbsp;Mudi Sun ,&nbsp;Lu Qu ,&nbsp;Xuling Han ,&nbsp;Hang Zhao ,&nbsp;Haidan Lu ,&nbsp;Qiaoyun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The current study aimed to examine the similarities and differences in vocal characteristics between Mandarin-speaking 36–72-month-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), children with developmental delay (DD), and typically developing (TD) children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed vocal characteristics during parent–child free play. Video and audio samples were collected from 21 children with ASD, 18 children with DD matched groupwise for developmental level, and 15 TD children matched groupwise for chronological age.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to children in the DD and TD groups, children with ASD exhibited a significantly higher proportion of nonspeech vocalizations (NSV, <em>p</em>&lt;0.01), atypical vocalizations (ATY, <em>p</em>&lt;0.001), noncommunicative vocalizations (NCV, <em>p</em>&lt;0.001), and no response to others (NR, <em>p</em>&lt;0.001). These four metrics were significantly correlated with children’s performance on the developmental evaluation and intelligence test. Receiver operating characteristic analyses indicated that the area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 0.871–0.978, with moderate accuracy, when using these four metrics to differentiate between children with ASD and TD children; this value improved to 1.000 with high accuracy when combining the four metrics. The AUC ranged from 0.747–0.820 when using the four metrics to differentiate children with ASD from those with DD and improved to 0.857 when combining the four metrics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These preliminary data suggest that vocal communication and vocal atypicality may be unique features of children with minimally verbal ASD and that the four metrics—NSV, ATY, NCV, and NR—have the potential to be ASD behavioral markers in screening and diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48255,"journal":{"name":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substantial elevation of telomeric oxidized bases in childhood autism","authors":"Mohammad Eftekhar ,&nbsp;Yasin Panahi ,&nbsp;Fahimeh Salasar Moghaddam ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Eskandari ,&nbsp;Hamid Pezeshk ,&nbsp;Mehrdad Pedram","doi":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the etiology of autism and its sex-biased prevalence remain largely elusive. We have previously shown that children with non-syndromic low-functioning idiopathic autism exhibit a sexually dimorphic pattern of relative telomere length (RTL), with autistic male children having significantly shorter RTL than autistic female children, healthy controls, and paired siblings. By contrast, a number of autistic girls had longer RTLs than healthy controls. Here, we investigated levels of telomeric oxidized base (TelOB) lesions among the same study subjects and groups.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Employing a quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based method, which combines DNA digestion targeting oxidized bases and telomere measurement, TelOB lesions were measured using genomic DNA extracted from saliva samples collected from 24 children (14 male and 10 female) with autism, 10 paired siblings, and 24 sex, age, and location-matched typically-developing controls.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings show that both male and female autistic children exhibit substantially higher TelOB lesions at their telomeres than healthy controls and paired siblings. Interestingly, these elevated levels of TelOBs show a direct correlation with RTL values in autistic children but not in healthy controls. However, TelOB levels do not show any association with age either in the autistic children or the healthy control group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings open a fresh angle into autism spectrum disorders (ASD), raise new questions, and lay the foundation for further research into telomere biology and underlying molecular mechanisms involved in ASD. TelOB levels are likely set during early development and may serve as biomarkers for childhood autism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48255,"journal":{"name":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What are the experiences and support needs of families of autistic children with Extreme (or ‘Pathological’) Demand Avoidance (E/PDA) behaviours?","authors":"Saher Nawaz,&nbsp;Susan Speer","doi":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>An increasing number of families are seeking assessment and support for autistic children who present with Extreme (or Pathological) Demand Avoidance (E/PDA) behaviours. However, research suggests the needs of these families may not be well understood or met by services. This study identifies their experiences and support needs, focussing on their interactions with services.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Qualitative, semi-structured, online interviews with 21 parents of child(ren) with a formal diagnosis of autism and E/PDA behaviours. Interviews were analysed using an inductive, reflexive thematic analysis at a semantic level.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four themes describe the distinct experiences of families: (1) Understanding and acceptance of E/PDA behaviours is lacking; (2) Attributing blame: Judgements of E/PDA behaviours by others; (3) Lack of tailored support for E/PDA behaviours; (4) The E/PDA journey results in distress for all family members. Themes form the basis for a new interpretative model of familial experiences of E/PDA in which lack of understanding and acceptance of E/PDA drives neuro-normative judgements about E/PDA behaviours and parenting quality, leading to inadequately tailored support and familial distress.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Parents’ accounts point to a breakdown in service provision for families of children with E/PDA behaviours whose ‘complex’ or ‘atypical’ presentation of autism does not fit neatly within existing classification systems and a ‘label-based’ service model. Improving education and understanding about familial experiences of E/PDA behaviours amongst professionals and services, with greater ‘personalisation’ and ‘formulation-based’ approaches is urgently needed to optimise outcomes and prevent harm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48255,"journal":{"name":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of creative movement, general movement, or seated play interventions on motor performance in children with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial","authors":"W.C. Su ,&nbsp;S. Srinivasan ,&nbsp;A.N. Bhat","doi":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Children with ASD experience significant gross motor challenges that could be addressed using motor interventions. However, contemporary ASD interventions that are sedentary in nature often target communication and fine motor skills and not children’s gross motor difficulties.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In the current pilot RCT, we evaluated changes in various motor outcomes (i.e., gross/fine motor coordination, locomotor skills, functional endurance, and praxis/imitation performance) following two types of whole-body motor interventions (Creative Movement (CM) or General Movement (GM)) and compared them to a Sedentary Play (SP) intervention focused on improving fine motor skills in children with ASD. Forty-five children with ASD (Mean Age ±SE: 8.7 ± 0.3, 38 males) were randomly assigned to the CM, GM, or SP groups and received 8 weeks of group-specific training.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both CM and GM interventions led to medium-to-large improvements in gross motor performance, including improved body coordination, strength/agility, locomotor skills, and walking endurance. Children in the CM group additionally showed medium-to-large-sized improvements in praxis performance, while children in the SP group showed improvements in fine motor performance. These training-related improvements were supported by improvements reported via parental questionnaires.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Researchers and clinicians should incorporate whole-body interventions targeting gross motor skills in the plan of care for children with ASD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48255,"journal":{"name":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining parental stress factors in Hong Kong Chinese parents of autistic and neurodevelopmentally atypical children","authors":"Xin Qi ,&nbsp;Carol K.S. To","doi":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Parenting an autistic child can be physically and mentally challenging. The approach parents take in response to these challenges can vary and may be related to the level of stress they experience.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study compared the stress levels among Hong Kong Chinese parents of autistic children, typically developing (TD) children, and those with other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), and their relationship with associated parental and child’s factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional online survey, 314 Chinese parents completed self-reported questionnaires assessing parental stress, child's autism and other NDDs diagnosis, broad autism phenotype (BAP), coping strategies, social support, and parental psychological flexibility (PPF). Hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyze the contribution of these factors to parental stress, and mediation analyses examined how social support and PPF might mediate the relationship between: (1) an autism diagnosis and parental stress, and (2) BAP and parental stress.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Parents of autistic children reported significantly higher stress levels than other parents. The presence of a child’s autism and other NDDs, along with greater BAP traits, significantly contributed to higher parental stress. Social support and PPF were strong protective factors that mediated the relationship between having an autistic child, exhibiting BAP traits, and parental stress.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Management for parents of autistic children should focus on promoting social support networks and fostering psychological flexibility to alleviate caregiving burden, especially for those exhibiting greater BAP traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48255,"journal":{"name":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of exercise training on sleep quality in autism spectrum condition: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Daniel González-Devesa ,&nbsp;Miguel Adriano Sanchez-Lastra ,&nbsp;Benito Outeda-Monteagudo ,&nbsp;Carlos Ayán-Pérez ,&nbsp;José Carlos Diz-Gómez","doi":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We aimed to analyse the available scientific evidence on the effects of exercise programs on sleep quality in autism spectrum condition. Studies were searched in five electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost Environment Complete, Dialnet Plus and Scopus) until February 2024 (updated in August 2024). A total of ten randomized clinical trials were included. The pooled mean difference for subjective sleep duration (Child’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire [CSHQ] sub-scale), total CSHQ score, objective sleep duration and objective efficiency were − 1.62 points (95 % confidence interval [CI] − 2.34 to − 0.91; p &lt; 0.001), −9.43 points (95 % CI: −16.89 to −1.97, p &lt; 0.001), 0.42 h (95 % CI: 0.05–0.80, p = 0.03) and 9.91 % (95 % CI: 5.04–14.78, p &lt; 0.001), respectively. In conclusion, exercise can serve as an adjunct therapy for managing sleep-related problems among children on the autism spectrum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48255,"journal":{"name":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skill-based treatment for challenging behavior in autism spectrum disorder: A scoping review of treatment characteristics and outcomes","authors":"Kristin M. Hustyi ,&nbsp;Jesse J. Logue ,&nbsp;Scott S. Hall","doi":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Behavioral interventions based on the principles of applied behavior analysis (ABA) are considered the gold standard approach for treating challenging behaviors commonly exhibited by children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, questions have arisen concerning the safety of implementing traditional ABA procedures for the treatment of challenging behavior in natural settings. Over the past decade, a treatment package known as skill-based treatment (SBT) has emerged that may allow challenging behaviors in this population to be addressed in a safe, efficient, and effective manner.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We reviewed and summarized studies utilizing SBT published in English between 2014 and September 2023 using PsychINFO and PubMed databases. Two independent reviewers screened citations for inclusion. Data abstraction was performed by one reviewer and verified by a second reviewer.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-one studies (3 consecutive controlled case series and 18 utilizing single-case experimental designs) met the inclusion criteria describing SBT conducted with 87 individuals. The majority of individuals treated with SBT were autistic children with language levels varying from non-vocal to fully fluent. Treatments were implemented in a variety of settings at least 1–2 times per week, with treatment requiring a range of 4 - 48.5 h of clinician time. Rates of challenging behavior were reported to decrease by 98.2 % (range: 90–100 %) on average. Treatments were implemented via telehealth for 8 individuals (9.2%). Data concerning treatment maintenance was reported for just 7 individuals (8.1 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>SBT is a potentially effective treatment procedure for challenging behavior that can be conducted in a variety of settings including the child’s home, school, and via telehealth. However, future research is needed to understand the long-term effectiveness of SBT. Randomized controlled trials of SBT are also necessary in order to study the safety and efficacy of this treatment approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48255,"journal":{"name":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement invariance of the Child Behavior Checklist in autistic toddlers","authors":"Tara L. Benninger ,&nbsp;Megan Norris ,&nbsp;Andrea N. Witwer","doi":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Challenging behavior has been examined in older children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but less is known about these behaviors in toddlers, due in part to variability in measurement and limited instruments available for this population. To address this need, this study examined the psychometric properties of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), a commonly used and widely validated measure of challenging behavior, in a group of toddlers with ASD.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Participants included 496 toddlers aged 18–48 months with (<em>n</em>=398) and without (<em>n</em>= 100) a diagnosis of ASD. Psychometrics of the CBCL were analyzed including internal consistency, factor structure, and measurement invariance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated acceptable fit for the tested model, and internal consistency was largely acceptable. All levels of measurement invariance were tested for each subscale. The Emotional Reactivity, Anxious/Depressed, Withdrawn, and Aggressive Behavior subscales achieved scalar invariance, while the Attention Problems subscale achieved metric invariance, and the Somatic Complaints subscale did not achieve even configural invariance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results indicate the current CBCL conceptualization of challenging behavior in autistic toddlers is consistent with such constructs in older autistic children and provide preliminary support for the use of the CBCL to assess for challenging behavior in toddlers with ASD. Measurement invariance (MI) analyses support the construct validity of the CBCL in toddlers with ASD. However, based on the results of the MI analyses, some caution is warranted with specific subscales when conducting group comparison analyses between toddlers with and without ASD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48255,"journal":{"name":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}