Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders最新文献

{"title":"The spectrum effect: Convergence of clinical and neuropsychological characteristics in adults referred for autism assessment","authors":"Federico Maria Larcher ,&nbsp;Michael Grözinger","doi":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clinical and neuropsychological profiles of adults referred for autism assessment are not thoroughly understood, and information derived from studies comparing autistic adults to neurotypical controls might not be accurate to infer on individuals in a real-world, clinical setting. 263 adults (aged 18–65 years, 70 % males) referred to our clinic with a suspected diagnosis of autism were clinically explored and administered neuropsychological investigations. The suspected diagnosis was either confirmed or rejected. We conducted multivariate and post-hoc univariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA; ANCOVA), controlling for possible confounders, to evaluate differences between autistic and non-autistic participants and further associations. Effect sizes (partial <em>η²</em>) were calculated for significant results. There were no significant differences in age means and sex ratios. Both groups showed high Autism Questionnaire (AQ) scores, high schizoid, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive scores, and mild depressive symptoms, without significant difference between groups. The effect sizes of differences ranged from negligible to small for measures of nonsocial cognition, but were large for a measure of social cognition, the emotion recognition 40 (ER40). Autistic and non-autistic participants present converging features across multiple measures. In this diagnostic setting, psychiatric and neuropsychological measures are helpful in identifying individual difficulties and strengths. However, most of them, including the AQ, are poor indicators of autism. Our results mostly aligned with previous research and showed that information derived from comparisons to neurotypical controls cannot be directly transferred to a real-world setting. Detected impairments in emotion recognition were fairly specific to autism, expanding on previous findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48255,"journal":{"name":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual reality interview with feedback framework for situational practice of gaze among autistic adults","authors":"Saygin Artiran ,&nbsp;Shana Cohen ,&nbsp;Pamela Cosman","doi":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Autistic individuals commonly seek employment; however, only a small fraction are in the workforce. In part, this might be due to mismatches between their social patterns of attention and gaze, and society’s normative expectations during interviews.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>To help mitigate such disadvantages through a solo situational practice tool, we present a framework that consists of a virtual reality (VR) based job interview simulation and a coaching component. Employing data visualization, video modeling, and VR role-play of the targeted behavior, the coaching support could be done in a self-deliverable practice manner. A participatory design session with two autistic design partners was important in the co-creation of the feedback methods, making them easier to understand, and including positive reinforcement.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fourteen autistic individuals used the VR job interview simulation tool. Eleven received the gaze analysis and support stage and participated in a second VR simulation session. Preliminary results were positive, in that participant scores on average eye contact duration, average time without eye contact, and percentage of eye contact while listening and while speaking generally approached the corresponding medians of the non-autistic reference dataset. Participants were surveyed about the utility of the tool after the second feedback session and two months later. All survey respondents perceived the tool to be useful and the provided feedback to be helpful in daily social interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides insights towards the development of a VR job interview simulation and feedback framework that can enable solo situational practice of gaze and common interview questions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48255,"journal":{"name":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Event-, time- and activity-based prospective memory in children with higher autistic traits","authors":"Xiao-min Su ,&nbsp;Tian-xiao Yang ,&nbsp;Sascha Zuber ,&nbsp;Shuai-biao Li ,&nbsp;Rong-man Yuan ,&nbsp;Chen-wei Yuan ,&nbsp;Han-xue Yang ,&nbsp;Ya Wang ,&nbsp;Raymond C.K. Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>School-age children rely on prospective memory (PM) to complete various tasks in the future. Previous research suggests children with autism spectrum disorders exhibit PM impairment, but whether PM impairment extends to children with higher autistic traits remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to compare PM performance in children with higher and lower autistic traits and to examine potentially differential associations to executive functions.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Forty pairs of children with higher and lower autistic traits between age 6- to 12-years old completed event-, time-, and activity-based PM tasks, and two executive function tasks (i.e., inhibition and working memory). We also collected parents-rated PM abilities using the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire for Children.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The two groups showed similar performance in both executive function tasks, the 3 PM tasks and parents-reported PM in daily life. In children with lower autistic traits, performance of the time-based PM task was correlated with working memory whereas it was correlated with inhibition function in children with higher autistic traits. Moreover, children with higher autistic traits exhibited a continuous reduction of time monitoring behavior across trials, leading to worse performance in the last PM trial compared with children with lower autistic traits.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Children with higher autistic traits showed intact executive functioning and similar PM performance as children with lower autistic traits, but they relied on different types of executive functions to complete time-based PM tasks. Moreover, children with higher autistic traits showed reduced time monitoring behavior and unstable PM performance across time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48255,"journal":{"name":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional upper-extremity movements in autism: A narrative literature review","authors":"Shanan Sun ,&nbsp;Nicholas E. Fears ,&nbsp;Haylie L. Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Many autistic individuals exhibit clinically-significant motor difficulties. Previous reviews focused on overall motor ability or coordination, but with little attention paid to quantifying differences in upper extremity skills, which are critical to many activities of daily living. Our objective was to identify and evaluate the published literature on upper extremity motor skills of autistic people.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We conducted a literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycInfo for empirical research articles reporting functional upper extremity movement performance in autism. We included articles reporting results of primary data collection from autistic people published before July 10, 2024. Articles were identified and data were extracted and evaluated using EndNote and Microsoft Excel by a team of three authors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our search strategy yielded 1181 unique articles. After screening these articles, the final sample included 43 empirical research articles focused on functional upper extremity movements, including pointing (<em>n</em> = 13), reaching to grasp (<em>n</em> = 18), and handwriting (<em>n</em> = 12) in autism. Across these skills, autistic people exhibited slower, more variable movements than their non-autistic counterparts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Upper extremity movement differences in autism are likely the result of differences in motor planning and increased online monitoring of movement execution. Limitations and potential bias exist in the racial, ethnic, age, and gender diversity of available data, and in the variability of methods used to assess performance. However, the current body of literature suggests significant differences between autistic and non-autistic upper extremity movements. Slower, more variable upper extremity movements likely affect many functional difficulties experienced in autistic people’s daily lives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48255,"journal":{"name":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting two types of auditory distraction in autistic and neurotypical individuals: A preregistered study","authors":"Lejla Alikadic,&nbsp;Jan Philipp Röer","doi":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Attentional control (AC) allows us to concentrate on relevant information and ignore irrelevant information. The processing of irrelevant auditory information cannot be completely suppressed, however, because of the openness of the auditory system. As a result, auditory distractors have a negative effect on a variety of different cognitive tasks. Auditory distraction in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is of particular importance, because of differences in AC compared to neurotypical individuals. However, a systematic, adequately powered investigation has not yet been conducted. The current pre-registered study was designed to close this empirical gap using a classic and robust empirical approach. We contrasted two types of auditory distraction in adult autistic participants with at least medium intellectual and language abilities and neurotypical participants, (1) the disruptive effect of changing distractors compared to repeated distractors (i.e., the changing-state effect), and (2) the disruptive effect of a single distractor that deviates from the previous stimulus pattern (i.e., the auditory deviant effect). The weak central coherence account predicts a more pronounced changing-state effect in autistic individuals due to superior local low-level information processing, and no differences for the auditory deviant effect. The hypothesis of predictive impairment in autism predicts no differences in the changing-state effect, and a reduced auditory deviant effect due to deficits in the formation of predictions in ASD. Our results are partly consistent and partly inconsistent with these predictions. Overall, we found that autistic and neurotypical individuals are largely similar in their susceptibility to auditory distraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48255,"journal":{"name":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142437848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An acceptability and feasibility investigation of a community-based motor program for autistic children with moderate and high support needs","authors":"Lee Svensson ,&nbsp;Michalis Stylianou ,&nbsp;Jessica Hill ,&nbsp;Stewart G. Trost ,&nbsp;John Cairney","doi":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>General motor impairments are ubiquitous in Autism and are positively correlated with autism symptom severity. This study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of a 13-week community-based motor program for autistic children with moderate and high support needs (MHS).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In this exploratory single arm within-subject study, 10 autistic children with MHS, ages 4–10 years, completed a community-based motor program delivered in a one-on-one format by therapists. Feasibility was determined through recruitment, retention, attendance, enjoyment, engagement and useability of motor, physical activity (PA), and behavioural assessment tools. Thematic analysis evaluated post-intervention semi-structured parent interviews.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>High program attendance and retention were demonstrated, and therapists reported child engagement and enjoyment were high. Identified themes revealed parents perceived unexpected substantial positive impacts including improvements in social, motor, and behavioural outcomes. They highly valued both the program and the therapeutic relationships fostered within it. Although parents of the children with the higher support needs reported the most substantial improvements, these children were unable to score on motor assessments due to difficulties following instructions and off-task behaviours. Additionally, only four participants wore an accelerometer-based PA monitor.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This community-based motor program was considered feasible and acceptable by the children’s parents, and qualitative findings provided valuable insights into clinical practice for children with MHS. However, recruitment challenges and assessment tools being unfeasible for children with higher support needs led to low participant numbers. Future evaluations should explore alternative assessment measures and study designs, given the challenges associated with studying such a heterogenous and complex group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48255,"journal":{"name":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and functional characteristics of co-occurring cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder among children and young adults","authors":"Myriam Casseus ,&nbsp;Hannah A. Shoval ,&nbsp;Abby J. Erasmus ,&nbsp;JenFu Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To examine clinical and functional factors associated with co-occurring cerebral palsy (CP) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were collected from the electronic health records of 994 patients with CP aged 3 to 26 years (59 % males) who received services from a U.S. hospital system between January 1, 2016 and July 1, 2021. CP, ASD, and other co-occurring conditions were abstracted using International Classification of Diseases - 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes, diagnostic summaries, and clinical descriptions. Bivariate and adjusted multivariable analyses examined the association between ASD, CP type, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, speech or language disorders, and mental or behavioral problems.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Prevalence of ASD was 8.2 % among patients with CP. Patients with GMFCS levels III-V were less likely to have a diagnosis of ASD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.21; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.11–0.41). However, speech or language disorders (AOR = 6.00; 95 % CI, 2.14–16.81) and mental or behavioral problems (AOR =8.79; 95 % CI, 4.99–15.49) were associated with significantly higher odds of ASD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Children and young adults with co-occurring CP and ASD have higher prevalence of clinical and functional impairments compared with counterparts with CP without co-occurring ASD. Screening for both conditions is necessary because of the high prevalence of ASD in this population. It is also necessary to implement specialized assessment procedures to decrease the risk of misclassifying or overlooking ASD among children and young adults with CP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48255,"journal":{"name":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Everyone should at least get a Kia\": Policymaker perspectives on equity of Medicaid among transition age autistic youth","authors":"Kaitlin H. Koffer Miller ,&nbsp;Dylan S. Cooper ,&nbsp;Sha Tao ,&nbsp;David S. Mandell ,&nbsp;Robert I. Field ,&nbsp;Lindsay L. Shea","doi":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study examined the challenges faced by transition age autistic youth in accessing Medicaid services, considering the historical focus on children in autism research and services. The study aimed to explore Medicaid enrollment and support for this population.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The study involved Medicaid and Protection &amp; Advocacy (P&amp;A) representatives from states with varying performance levels in eligibility, access, and service use. Discussions with experts focused on waivers, Early, Periodic, Screening, Detection, and Treatment (EPSDT), and barriers to service access.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings highlighted the need to improve service access for transition age autistic youth. States identified the importance of maximizing EPDST utilization before aging out of childhood systems and pursuing waiver enrollment. These insights emphasized the significance of addressing service gaps during the transition to adulthood.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study's implications for practice are substantial. Policymakers and service providers must acknowledge the limitedservice access for autistic individuals as they transition from child systems. The study emphasized the value of strategies like maximizing EPDST utilization and pursuing waivers to ensure ongoing support for autistic youth during their transition to adulthood. By addressing these challenges, practitioners can better meet the needs of transition age autistic individuals and facilitate their access to essential services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48255,"journal":{"name":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of mental health outcomes associated with camouflaging in autistic people","authors":"Valeria Khudiakova,&nbsp;Emmeline Russell,&nbsp;Sophie Sowden-Carvalho,&nbsp;Andrew D.R. Surtees","doi":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the strength and quality of the evidence for the relationship between camouflaging and its potential outcomes in autistic people. With the worryingly high proportions of autistic people experiencing mental illness and suicidality, it is important to understand whether camouflaging is a risk factor in that population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Searches of five databases (Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, ProQuest Dissertations &amp; Theses) yielded 16 studies eligible for a meta-analysis using correlations and six additional studies eligible for a narrative review, with 5897 autistic participants in total. Risk of bias was assessed for all studies using a bespoke tool. Based on the 16 studies eligible for the meta-analysis, we computed meta-correlations between camouflaging and anxiety, depression, social anxiety, and psychological wellbeing, using a random-effects model. Meta-regressions examined if study effect sizes were moderated by study quality, participants’ mean age, and proportions of female and clinically diagnosed participants. <strong>Results:</strong></div><div>We found significant moderate positive relationships between camouflaging and anxiety/generalised anxiety, depression, and social anxiety and a significant small negative relationship between camouflaging and mental wellbeing. There was no significant moderating effect of the aforementioned variables on study effect sizes.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>All of the studies were underpowered to detect small effects, and many used insufficiently validated measures. The established link between camouflaging and mental health difficulties is discussed with reference to future research and clinical practice. Longitudinal studies should also aim to establish causality.</div></div><div><h3>Other</h3><div>There was no funding associated with this review. The researchers have no conflicts of interest to disclose. The review was preregistered on PROSPERO (REDACTED FOR ANONYMISED PEER REVIEW).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48255,"journal":{"name":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief report: Sensory atypicality in mothers and fathers of individuals on the autism spectrum and its relationship with emotional distress","authors":"Carmen Nieto ,&nbsp;Helena Gandía-Abellán ,&nbsp;Ruth Campos ,&nbsp;Pastora Martínez-Castilla ,&nbsp;Beatriz Cavero-Olivera ,&nbsp;Margarita Quesada-Zeljkovic ,&nbsp;María Verde-Cagiao","doi":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study investigated the prevalence of sensory atypicalities of mothers and fathers of individuals with Autism and explored the relationship between levels of emotional distress (parental distress, anxiety, and depression) and sensory processing patterns. There is limited evidence connecting these variables, and research in this area remains scarce.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>251 parents participated in the study. 170 parents of individuals with Autism completed questionnaires on sensory experiences, parental distress, anxiety, and depression. A control group of 81 parents of individuals with typical development completed the sensory questionnaire. The relationship between sensory atypicality and emotional distress was examined only in the Autism group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mothers and fathers of individuals with Autism showed a higher prevalence of sensory atypicality, especially in hyposensitive patterns. Relationships were found between specific sensory patterns and the levels of emotional distress. The hypo-reactive and hyposensitive quadrant, 'Low Registration', displayed significant predictive capacity for both anxiety and depression, while 'Sensory Sensitivity' was predominantly related to parental distress.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Awareness of specific sensory patterns could facilitate the identification of those potentially vulnerable to experiencing anxiety, depression, or parental distress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48255,"journal":{"name":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102491"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}