Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Insulin resistance is associated with incident prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in normoglycemic individuals","authors":"Judy Z. Louie ,&nbsp;Dov Shiffman ,&nbsp;James B. Meigs ,&nbsp;Steven W. Taylor ,&nbsp;Olle Melander ,&nbsp;Fahim Abbasi ,&nbsp;Michael J. McPhaul","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Testing insulin resistance could help improve physician assessment of patients’ risk of prediabetes or type 2 diabetes (T2D), even among normoglycemic individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The longitudinal study followed 16,333 normoglycemic participants in a nation-wide employer-sponsored health assessment program starting in August 2020 with a median follow-up time of 2.9 years for incident prediabetes or T2D. The probability of insulin resistance <strong>(</strong>IRRS) was calculated from fasting intact insulin and C-peptide serum levels. Incident events had fasting plasma glucose level ≥100 mg/dL (≥5.6 mmol/L), HbA1c ≥ 5.7 % (≥38.8 mmol/mol), or a self-reported physician diagnosis of T2D.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study population had a median age of 43 years at baseline (31 % men). IRRS was &lt;8 % for participants in the bottom tertile of the distribution compared with &gt;20 % for those in the top tertile. Participants in the top tertile of IRRS had 43 % greater risk of incident prediabetes or T2D (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR = 1.43 [95 % CI, 1.31–1.57], <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) compared with those in the bottom tertile, in a model that adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and HbA1c.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Elevated IRRS is associated with incident prediabetes or T2D regardless of established risk factors. Evaluating insulin resistance in normoglycemic patients may improve T2D prevention efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"20 1","pages":"Article 103372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of millet consumption on metabolic homeostasis (glycemic control and lipid profiles) in adults: A systematic review","authors":"Nisarga S. Naik ,&nbsp;Nikhil Nadiger ,&nbsp;Arpita Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of the study was to systematically review the literature to analyze the effect of millet consumption on metabolic homeostasis in adults.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We conducted a systematic review of literature to evaluate effect of millet-consumption on metabolic homeostasis. Science Direct and PubMed databases were used to search articles till January 14th, 2025. Quality of randomized-controlled and crossover-studies were reported using the Cochrane-Risk-of-Bias-Assessment-scale, while that of non-randomized studies were reported using the Risk-of-Bias-in-Non-Randomized-Studies-of-Interventions-scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One randomized-controlled study, three randomized-crossover studies, and two non-randomized studies were included. In participants with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), multigrain rotis prepared from finger millet, foxtail millet, sorghum, jowar, oats and maize reduced glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels, foxtail millet dosas reduced postprandial blood glucose levels and food prepared from heat-treated barnyard grains reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) and LDL-c levels. Food prepared from powdered finger millet and little millet reduced FBG levels in prediabetics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Consumption of millet-based foods could improve glycemic response and LDL-c levels in individuals with T2DM. Both millet type and preparation methods influenced glycemic response. Future well-controlled trials on subjects from multiple ethnicities are needed for generating robust and actionable evidence of the role of millet consumption on metabolic health.</div></div><div><h3>Systemic review registration</h3><div>International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42023431941.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"20 1","pages":"Article 103359"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of low carbohydrate and high protein diet on the anthropometric indices, blood pressure, metabolic factors, and hormones related to metabolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Marziyeh Najafi ,&nbsp;Zahra Hariri ,&nbsp;Omid Nikpayam ,&nbsp;Amir Hossein Sarvi ,&nbsp;Mohammadjavad Pasand ,&nbsp;Pardis Noura ,&nbsp;Farzad Farajian Nejad","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>The present study aimed to show the pooled effect of a low-carbohydrate high-protein diet (LCHPD) as a practical dietary approach on metabolic factors and anthropometric variables.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and materials</h3><div>A systematic search based on related keywords was performed from electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from inception until November 2024. The quality of the articles was evaluated using the Cochrane tool. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sixteen articles were entered into the quantitative analysis. In total, 2915 participants (treatment: 1490 and control: 1425) entered the statistical analysis. Based on the statistical analysis LCHPD had desirable effects on the weight (SMD = −0.27; 95 % CI: −0.35, −0.19), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (SMD = −0.23; 95 % CI: −0.31, −0.25) diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (SMD = −0.12; 95 % CI: −0.21, −0.04), fasting blood sugar (FBG) (SMD = −0.34; 95 % CI: −0.43, −0.24), triglyceride (TG) (SMD = −0.29; 95 % CI: −0.38, −0.19), leptin (SMD = −0.57; 95 % CI: −0.68, −0.46), and, CRP (SMD = −0.38; 95 % CI: −0.49, −0.27), while it impressively increase serum level of total cholesterol (SMD = 0.36; 95 % CI: 0.26, 0.45), adiponectin (SMD = 0.40; 95 % CI: 0.29, 0.52), resistin, and (SMD = 1.08; 95 % CI: 0.96, 1.20). In addition, subgroup analysis was conducted based on the age of participants, duration of treatment, and type of disease.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overall findings of the present study exhibited that LCHPD had a significant effect on the anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and metabolic factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 12","pages":"Article 103352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highlights of the current issue","authors":"Ningjian Wang ,&nbsp;Anoop Misra","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103358","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 12","pages":"Article 103358"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Ceylon cinnamon) for diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","authors":"Priyanga Ranasinghe ,&nbsp;Priyadarshani Galappatthy ,&nbsp;Godwin R. Constantine ,&nbsp;Ranil Jayawardena ,&nbsp;Hasitha D. Weeratunga ,&nbsp;Sirimal Premakumara ,&nbsp;Prasad Katulanda","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The search for novel antihyperglycemic agents from herbal medicines has highlighted cinnamon, which contains biologically active compounds with insulin-mimetic effects <em>in-vitro</em>. We assessed the efficacy and safety of <em>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</em> (CZ) extract in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 210 individuals with Type 2 Diabetes were randomly assigned in equal numbers to two CZ extract groups (250 mg or 500 mg) and one placebo group. The primary outcome was change in glycaemic control (HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose [FPG]) from baseline. Secondary outcomes included serum lipids, insulin resistance and β-cell function, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and anthropometric parameters. Multiple regression analyses were conducted with change in FPG or HbA1c from baseline as the dependent variables and treatment group and covariates as predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age of participants was 58.6 ± 8.2 years, with 42.9 % (n = 90) being male; 186 completed the four-month follow-up. Both FPG and HbA1c significantly declined in the CZ extract groups compared to baseline, accompanied by reduced insulin resistance and improved β-cell function (p &lt; 0.05). At four months, total and LDL cholesterol were significantly lower in the 500 mg CZ extract group (p &lt; 0.05). Regression analyses identified CZ extract treatment as a significant predictor of changes in both FPG and HbA1c.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This randomized controlled trial developed and tested a CZ-based intervention for Type 2 Diabetes, demonstrating its promising efficacy and safety. Further studies are warranted to explore its potential as a pharmaceutical agent for diabetes management.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>Sri Lanka Clinical Trials Registry, identifier: SLCTR/2017/010 (<span><span>http://slctr.lk/trials/714</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>). Registered on April 05, 2017; Study protocol version 3.1 (March 21, 2017)</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 12","pages":"Article 103357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145784395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the quality and guideline-concordance of AI-powered chatbots in nutritional management of diabetes","authors":"Maryame Ben Lafqih ,&nbsp;Faiçal Ait Lahbib ,&nbsp;Kaltoum Boutahar ,&nbsp;Hanane Azargui ,&nbsp;Rachid Elfatimy ,&nbsp;Imane Motaib","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study assessed the performance of ChatGPT and Gemini in delivering evidence-based, personalized dietary recommendations for diabetes management.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty-two simulated patient cases covering nine diabetes-related categories were analyzed. We evaluated nutritional recommendations from ChatGPT and Gemini using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), focusing on clinical relevance, alignment with guidelines, personalization, and practicality. Chatbot performance was compared both overall and across diabetes categories.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Gemini (version 1.5 Flash) significantly outperformed ChatGPT (GPT-4) in overall AHP scores (Gemini: 4.34 (IQR 3.85–4.56), ChatGPT: 3.79 (IQR 3.28–4.30), <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Gemini performed better in complex cases, particularly chronic kidney disease cases (<em>p</em> = 0.047) and malnutrition or post-bariatric surgery (<em>p</em> = 0.003). No significant differences were observed in other categories (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Gemini outperformed ChatGPT, showing higher guideline alignment. These findings support refining AI tools for reliable, personalized nutrition in diabetes care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 12","pages":"Article 103355"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors’ Reply to Letter to the Editor by Emily N.C. Manoogian et al","authors":"Meng Chen,&nbsp;Lan Xu,&nbsp;Victor W. Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103330","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 12","pages":"Article 103330"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145716838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of sucralose consumption with insulin response and sensitivity","authors":"Shada Kodumayil ,&nbsp;Ahmed Gebril ,&nbsp;Soumya Nair ,&nbsp;Insiya Saifudeen ,&nbsp;Abrar Alhermi ,&nbsp;Najla Shamsi ,&nbsp;Naji Alamuddin ,&nbsp;Nitya Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><div>Use of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) is widespread in foods and beverages and are believed to have little to no impact on glucose metabolism. Nonetheless, recent studies have shown sucralose may not be as innocuous as previously thought. This review was conducted to summarize the evidence available on the impact of sucralose on insulin response and sensitivity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Evidence on sucralose was searched in MEDLINE and Google scholar databases using search strings that incorporated synonyms of sucralose, insulin, response and sensitivity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 16 studies that reported impact of sucralose on insulin response, 8 found an increased insulin response following ingestion of sucralose, 7 did not find any impact and 1 found a favorable impact. Of the 8 studies describing the effect of sucralose on insulin sensitivity, 6 reported a decrease, 1 found an increase and the remaining one found no change.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Intervention studies report inconsistent effects of sucralose, with approximately half suggesting adverse impacts on insulin response and sensitivity. A meta-analysis is warranted to quantitatively synthesize the effects of sucralose exposure on insulin metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 12","pages":"Article 103343"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of isolated nocturnal hypertension among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Walter Gaston Espeche ,&nbsp;Gustavo Cerri ,&nbsp;Julian Minetto ,&nbsp;Ezequiel Giordani ,&nbsp;Mariano Costa ,&nbsp;Sofia Pacho Calvo ,&nbsp;Jose Esteba Costa Gil ,&nbsp;Martin Salazar","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the prevalence of isolated nocturnal hypertension (INH) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and secondarily, to assess its frequency in those with normal office blood pressure and not receiving antihypertensive treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional study including patients aged ≥18 years with T2D who underwent 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) between January 2022 and December 2024. INH was defined as mean nocturnal BP ≥ 120/70 mmHg with normal daytime BP (&lt;135/85 mmHg). Office BP was classified into four categories according to European guidelines. Target organ damage (TOD) was assessed in a subsample through echocardiography and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 439 patients were included (57.6 % women; mean age 56.5 ± 10.4 years). The prevalence of INH was 21.9 % (95 % CI 0.18–0.26). Among individuals with normal office BP and no antihypertensive treatment (n = 57), INH prevalence was 31.6 %, being the most frequent phenotype of masked hypertension. INH was associated with lower HDL-C, higher triglycerides, and greater evidence of subclinical TOD compared to normotensive patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>INH is highly prevalent in individuals with T2D, especially among those untreated and with normal office BP. Given its association with subclinical TOD and lack of clinical predictors, ABPM should be considered in all T2D patients regardless of office BP values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 12","pages":"Article 103353"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145727866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed breakfast in type 2 diabetes: Critical gaps and translation barriers","authors":"Himel Mondal,&nbsp;Anupkumar Dhanvijay","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We respond to the article “Modifying the timing of breakfast improves postprandial glycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial” by Bravo-Garcia et al. While the study introduces an intriguing strategy for postprandial glycemic control, several methodological modification and detailed reporting could be done. Key variables such as participants' sleep-wake timing, daily schedules, and evening routines, which influence glucose metabolism, could be reported. Limited details on medication timing and exercise standardization could be taken care of. Additionally, cultural and socioeconomic factors, particularly in developing countries like India, challenge the practicality of delayed breakfast protocols. The physiological implications of fasting, including the Somogyi effect, warrant further exploration. These highlight the need for more comprehensive studies addressing individual, cultural, and socioeconomic factors to enhance the translational potential of breakfast timing interventions for glycemic control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 11","pages":"Article 103294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144986179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}