Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Association between long-term fine particulate matter exposure and incident type 2 diabetes in a low-exposure Danish cohort: An AIRCARD analysis","authors":"Stephan Peronard Mayntz ,&nbsp;Roda Abdulkadir Mohamed ,&nbsp;Anna Mejldal ,&nbsp;Jens-Jakob Kjer Møller ,&nbsp;Jes Sanddal Lindholt ,&nbsp;Axel Cosmus Pyndt Diederichsen ,&nbsp;Lise Marie Frohn ,&nbsp;Jørgen Brandt ,&nbsp;Matthias Ketzel ,&nbsp;Jibran Khan ,&nbsp;Jess Lambrechtsen","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The global burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to rise, with evidence suggesting that air pollution may contribute to its pathogenesis. This study examines the association between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and the risk of developing T2D in a cohort of older Danish men living in a low-exposure setting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a prospective cohort study using 16,665 participants from the Viborg Vascular (VIVA) screening trial, aged 65–74 years without T2D at baseline. Residential PM_2.5 was modeled with the DEHM/UBM/AIRGIS system from historical address data; road-traffic noise was estimated with Nord2000. Cox models with age as timescale evaluated time-varying PM_2.5 exposure and T2D risk, adjusting for age, BMI, smoking status, socioeconomic factors, and traffic noise exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over a mean 9.3-year follow-up, 324 participants (1.9 %) developed T2D. Incidence was lower than reported in prevention trials, reflecting differences in population risk and registry-based outcome capture. Participants who developed T2D had slightly higher long-term PM_2.5 exposure compared to non-cases (12.12 vs 11.93 μg/m³; p &lt; 0.001). Although absolute differences in exposure were small, they were consistent across the exposure distribution, suggesting a population-level effect even in a low-pollution environment. In adjusted time-varying Cox models, a 1.15 μg/m³ increment in PM_2.5 was associated with a 30.6 % higher risk of T2D (HR 1.306, 95 % CI 1.08–1.58; p = 0.006). Associations were independent of body mass index, smoking, socioeconomic status, and traffic noise.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Long-term PM_2.5 exposure was associated with T2D incidence in this cohort of older Danish men. Findings are hypothesis-generating, most applicable to low-to-moderate exposure settings, and should be interpreted with caution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 8","pages":"Article 103298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The growing deaths from non-communicable diseases attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages among young and middle-aged adults: Analysis and projection based on Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","authors":"Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Hua ,&nbsp;Zhong Xin","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Despite rising global health concerns about sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), their long-term impact on non-communicable disease (NCD) death across demographic groups and socioeconomic contexts remains poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed SSB-attributable NCD death trends using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021 data from 204 countries (1990–2021). Time trends in death were expressed as average annual percent change (AAPC), stratified by age and socio-demographic index (SDI). Future trends through 2051 were projected using Bayesian age-period-cohort modeling.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SSB-attributable deaths increased from 27,286 (95 % UI: 11,099–42,134) in 1990 to 74,657 (95 % UI: 33,724–115,575) in 2021. The age-standardized death rate rose from 0.784 to 0.889 per 100,000 (AAPC: 0.460 %, 95 % CI: 0.326–0.594). Young and middle-aged adults exhibited a rapid increase in deaths, with an AAPC of 1.250 % (95 % CI: 1.070–1.420) observed in the 25–29 age group, particularly due to chronic kidney disease (AAPC: 2.779 %, 95 % CI: 2.626–2.931). Low-middle SDI regions experienced the most dramatic increase (AAPC: 2.569 %, 95 % CI: 2.453–2.684).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings reveal an alarming rise in SSB-attributable NCD deaths, particularly affecting young adults and resource-limited regions. This growing health equity challenge requires urgent policy interventions and prevention strategies to protect vulnerable populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 8","pages":"Article 103296"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Pakistan's economic crisis on dietary patterns in Lahore: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Hamza Ashraf ,&nbsp;Haider Ashfaq ,&nbsp;Sophia Ahmed ,&nbsp;Haneen Kamran ,&nbsp;Umm E. Aimen Minhas ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Nagmeldin Hassan ,&nbsp;Saleha Azeem","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103293","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 8","pages":"Article 103293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BMI lower than 23 kg/m2 is better for screening of diabetes and cardiovascular risk in Asian Indians?: Clinical and research implications of emerging data","authors":"Anoop Misra ,&nbsp;Sushum Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 8","pages":"Article 103301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of diabetes on cellular connections: Pathological insights and emerging therapeutic targets","authors":"Abhinav Kanwal ,&nbsp;Navjot Kanwar ,&nbsp;Maya P. Shetty ,&nbsp;Komal Rana ,&nbsp;Anna Alisi ,&nbsp;Amit Bhatia ,&nbsp;Sanjay Bharati","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cell junctions play a pivotal role in the normal functioning of tissues. The alterations in the expression or structure of these junctions are linked to several pathologies including diabetes mellitus and its secondary complications. Therefore, this review discusses the implications of diabetes mellitus on cell junctions across different organs and tissues.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A systematic review of PubMed and other relevant search sources was conducted using relevant keywords in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. In addition, the reference lists of all included full texts were meticulously reviewed to find additional reports.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 646 initially identified articles, 323 were found relevant and have been included in this review. The findings of the review suggested that hyperglycemia induces hyperphosphorylation of cell junctional proteins leading to mis-localization, downregulation and impaired intracellular communication. Although multiple junctions are affected, connexin-based gap junctions appear to be consistently affected across various tissues. This highlights their potential as a therapeutic target for mitigating diabetes mellitus and its associated complications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Overall, this review highlights the types of cell junctions affected in diabetes mellitus across different tissues. Moreover, integration of cell junction-targeted interventions along with standard glycemic control regimens might provide synergistic benefits to prevent secondary diabetic complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 8","pages":"Article 103300"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incremental risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) starts at low Body Mass Index (BMI) in Asian Indians: Analysis from India Heart Watch (IHW)","authors":"Leena S. Guptha ,&nbsp;Rajeev Gupta ,&nbsp;Krishna Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;Soneil Guptha","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>A Body Mass Index (BMI) of 23 kg/m² is recognized as an appropriate threshold for Asian Indians to diagnose overweight and obesity, conditions associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). We assessed the incremental risk of T2D beginning at a BMI of 18.5 kg/m², which is below the specified threshold.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The secondary data employed in this analysis were initially gathered in the IHW study, which aimed to determine the nationwide prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among urban populations in medium-sized cities within large Indian regional states.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A linear association between BMI and T2D, as determined by the Mantel-Haenszel Test, demonstrated that each incremental increase of one unit in BMI significantly elevates the risk of T2D by 28 % (Odds Ratio = 1.28, 95 % Confidence Interval [1.19, 1.37], p &lt; .0001), commencing at a threshold of 18.5 kg/m². This finding refutes the null hypothesis of no correlation between BMI and T2D.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results of this analysis suggest that a BMI exceeding 18.5 kg/m² may serve as a threshold for identifying individuals at an increased risk of T2D and for developing preventive strategies within the urban Asian Indian population. Nonetheless, this threshold warrants confirmation through a longitudinal investigation involving individuals with normal blood glucose levels, with particular attention to its correlation with HbA1c.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 8","pages":"Article 103299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbohydrate Quantity vs. Quality in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Population-Based Meta-Analysis Combined with GBD Data-Driven Assessment","authors":"Yuxin Jin ,&nbsp;Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinwen Yu ,&nbsp;Aili Yang ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Biao Qi ,&nbsp;Ting Yang ,&nbsp;Min Sun ,&nbsp;Guohong Zhao ,&nbsp;Bin Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common metabolic-endocrine disorder, is linked to low-quality carbohydrate intake, though evidence remains controversial. This research aimed to evaluate carbohydrate quantity/quality impacts on PCOS by combining global trends from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database with pooled study from individual-level data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed GBD 2021 data to assess annual trends in PCOS incidence and low-grain/high-sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Six databases were searched until February 2025 to identify population-based studies for meta-analysis. Results were expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95 % CIs, and heterogeneity was evaluated using χ² tests and <em>I</em>² statistics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GBD 2021 data revealed rising PCOS incidence alongside increased low whole-grain intake and high sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. This meta-analysis of 25 studies (n = 20,738) found no significant difference in total carbohydrate intake between PCOS and non-PCOS women. However, women with PCOS had significantly higher refined grain intake (SMD (95 % CI) = 0.66 [0.09, 1.24]) and lower whole grains (SMD (95 % CI) = −0.64 [-1.34, 0.07]) and fiber intake (MD (95 % CI) = −1.83 [-3.80, 0.13]). Subgroup analyses demonstrated significantly reduced fiber intake in overweight (MD = −2.92 [95 % CI: 4.64 to −1.21]) and non-diabetic women with PCOS (MD = −1.40 [95 % CI: 2.42 to −0.38]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Compared with carbohydrate quantity, lower-quality carbohydrate intake-characterized by higher refined grain consumption and lower intake of fiber and whole grains-appears to be more closely associated with PCOS. Different metabolic phenotypes in PCOS may require personalized dietary strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 8","pages":"Article 103277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Leyang Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Pang,&nbsp;Jie Liu,&nbsp;Weiwei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication, with a significant risk of recurrence in subsequent pregnancies.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>We aimed to explore the incidence and risk factors associated with the recurrence of GDM among women with a history of GDM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched several databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid, CINAHL, ProQuest, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, and China Biology Medicine Database) from January 1961 to June 2024. We included only population-based studies that reported on GDM recurrence or risk factors among women, and differentiated between those with and without a history of GDM recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 31 studies, of which 27 had a low risk of bias and 4 had a medium risk of bias. The incidence of GDM recurrence was 51 % (95 %CI: 0.48–0.55). Identified risk factors for GDM recurrence included maternal age (OR = 1.32; 95 % CI: 1.12–1.54), ethnicity (OR = 1.38; 95 % CI: 1.11–1.73), parity (OR = 1.83; 95 % CI: 1.04–3.23), family history of diabetes (OR = 2.07; 95 % CI: 1.44–2.97), history of macrosomia (OR = 1.90; 95 % CI: 1.28–2.83), insulin treatment during the index pregnancy (OR = 2.09; 95 % CI: 1.63–2.68), overweight or obesity before the index pregnancy (OR = 1.88; 95 % CI: 1.39–2.56), 1-h postprandial glucose levels on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during the index pregnancy (OR = 1.50; 95 % CI: 1.04–2.16), 2-h postprandial glucose levels on OGTT during the index pregnancy (OR = 2.06; 95 % CI: 1.11–3.81), two or more abnormal OGTT value at the index pregnancy (OR = 2.38; 95 % CI: 1.88–3.02), weight gain between pregnancies (OR = 2.05; 95 % CI: 1.38–3.04), overweight or obesity before the subsequent pregnancy (OR = 1.43; 95 % CI: 1.20–1.69), weight gain before OGTT during the subsequent pregnancy (OR = 1.55; 95 % CI: 1.27–1.89), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in the subsequent early pregnancy (OR = 1.22; 95 % CI: 1.06–1.40).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study found a high recurrence rate of GDM. Identifying risk factors highlights the need for early screening, and lifestyle interventions to reduce recurrence risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 8","pages":"Article 103295"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of eating duration less than 8 h with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality","authors":"Meng Chen ,&nbsp;Lan Xu ,&nbsp;Linda Van Horn ,&nbsp;JoAnn E. Manson ,&nbsp;Katherine L. Tucker ,&nbsp;Xihao Du ,&nbsp;Nannan Feng ,&nbsp;Shuang Rong ,&nbsp;Victor W. Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To assess the association between eating duration less than 8 h and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adult participants who reported usual intake from two valid 24-h dietary recalls were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2003–2018 (n = 19,831). Mortality status as of December 2019 was obtained through linkage to the National Death Index. Average eating duration was categorized as &lt;8, 8–&lt;10, 10–&lt;12, 12–14 h (mean duration), &gt;14–16, and &gt;16 h. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were derived.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During a median follow-up of 8.1 years, compared with eating duration of 12–14 h, eating duration &lt;8 h was robustly associated with higher cardiovascular mortality (HR, 2.35 [95 % CI, 1.39–3.98]), but not with all-cause and cancer mortality. The positive association with cardiovascular mortality remained consistent across 8 subgroups stratified by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic factors, and smoking status, and survived 14 sensitivity analyses. However, the association with all-cause mortality did not survive many sensitivity analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although a positive association was observed between eating duration &lt;8 h and cardiovascular mortality, further research is required to understand whether this risk is attributed to the short eating duration itself or residual confounding resulting from its contributing factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 7","pages":"Article 103278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144986158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between clock gene polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Divya Joshi ,&nbsp;Marie Pigeyre ,&nbsp;Muhammad Usman Ali ,&nbsp;Renee de Mutsert ,&nbsp;Femke Rutters ,&nbsp;David Campbell ,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Despres ,&nbsp;Sayem Borhan ,&nbsp;Talha Rafiq ,&nbsp;Romy Slebe ,&nbsp;Denis Blondin ,&nbsp;Andre Carpentier ,&nbsp;Joris Hoeks ,&nbsp;Andries Kalsbeek ,&nbsp;Patrick Schrauwen ,&nbsp;Chun-Xia Yi ,&nbsp;Parminder Raina","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Misalignment of the endogenous circadian system may contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the association between clock gene polymorphisms and glycemic parameters and type 2 diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Embase, Medline, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to August 20, 2024. Empirical studies examining the association between core clock gene polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes and glycemic parameters, and studies examining non-core clock genes with information on environmental factors were included. A multi-level meta-analytical approach was used, and a weighted odds ratio was reported (PROSPERO, CRD42022337706).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 37 studies comprising 535,063 participants were included. <em>CRY2</em> was associated with higher fasting blood glucose (OR: 1.07, 95 % CI: 1.03–1.11) and impaired glucose tolerance (OR: 1.02, CI: 1.00–1.04). Polymorphisms in <em>MTNR1B</em> were associated with a greater risk of type 2 diabetes. <em>CLOCK</em> was associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes (OR: 0.94, CI: 0.89–1.00), and <em>PER3</em> was associated with lower fasting insulin (OR: 0.94, CI: 0.91–0.97) and lower risk of insulin resistance (OR: 0.92, CI: 0.88–0.95). These associations reflect pooled variant-level effects within genes, and the effects of certain variants were modified by diet, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sleep, and length of daylight.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Specific polymorphisms in circadian genes, including <em>CRY2, MTNR1B, CLOCK,</em> and <em>PER3</em>, were associated with glycemic parameters and type 2 diabetes risk. These associations may be influenced by lifestyle and environmental factors, and interventions targeting circadian alignment could potentially modify diabetes risk, although further research is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 7","pages":"Article 103284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}