Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Is myopia associated with a reduced or increased risk of diabetic retinopathy? A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Kai-Yang Chen ,&nbsp;Hoi-Chun Chan ,&nbsp;Chi-Ming Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Diabetic retinopathy remains a leading cause of vision loss worldwide. Recent studies suggest that myopia, particularly due to axial elongation, may offer a protective effect against retinal microvascular damage.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between myopia and diabetic retinopathy, quantify the strength of this relationship, and explore potential protective mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and other databases was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Eight observational studies including 5564 individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes were analyzed. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were computed using a random-effects model. Subgroup and heterogeneity analyses were also performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Moderate myopia was significantly associated with an 80 % lower risk of diabetic retinopathy (OR = 0.20, 95 % CI: 0.11–0.37, p &lt; 0.00001). High myopia showed a 31.5 % reduced risk compared to moderate myopia (OR = 0.685, 95 % CI: 0.607–0.773). Hyperopia was associated with a nearly fivefold higher risk of vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (OR = 4.874, 95 % CI: 4.677–5.078). There was no significant heterogeneity (I² = 0 %) and minimal evidence of publication bias.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Moderate and high myopia appear to be protective against diabetic retinopathy, likely due to axial length-related anatomical changes. These findings could inform future diabetic eye disease risk models and personalized screening strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 6","pages":"Article 103253"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current approach to early gestational diabetes mellitus: A clinical update","authors":"Alpesh Goyal ,&nbsp;Yashdeep Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Early gestational diabetes (eGDM) is defined as hyperglycemia diagnosed in early pregnancy (&lt;20 weeks) which is not overt or pre-existing diabetes. This review summarizes our current understanding of eGDM and identifies future research gaps.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus databases, focusing on the diagnostic pathways, glycemic trajectories, impact of treatment on pregnancy outcomes, and evolving precision medicine approaches in eGDM.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Currently, there is no consensus on the diagnostic criteria and screening approach for eGDM. The WHO 2013 criteria, which adopt IADPSG thresholds for diagnosis throughout the pregnancy are most commonly employed. The pathophysiology involves interplay of defective β-cell function and insulin resistance, however, early-onset gestational insulin resistance is a distinct feature. Nearly 30–50 % of women with eGDM regress to normoglycemia at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Observational studies report that eGDM is associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes despite treatment. A recent multicenter randomized controlled trial (TOBOGM) found that immediate treatment of eGDM, compared to deferred or no treatment, is associated with modest neonatal benefits, chiefly driven by the reduction in risk of neonatal respiratory distress. Precision medicine approaches are on horizon in the management of eGDM. Differential enactment pathways have been proposed, wherein women with OGTT results in lower glycemic band are kept under close follow-up, whereas those in the higher glycemic band are treated more aggressively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>eGDM is a distinct medical condition, associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and modest neonatal benefits upon immediate treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 6","pages":"Article 103256"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Diabetic kidney disease screening – Real world evidence – A way to prevent future complications","authors":"Anuj Maheshwari MD, FACP ,&nbsp;Amit Gupta DNB ,&nbsp;Rakesh Parikh MBBS, FCPS, FRCP ,&nbsp;Manoj Chawla MBBS ,&nbsp;Sandeep Gudibanda MBA ,&nbsp;Snehal Shah MBA ,&nbsp;Garima Verma Ph.D ,&nbsp;Banshi Saboo MD, Ph.D","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103255","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 6","pages":"Article 103255"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Price analysis of antihyperglycemic agents on Indian online pharmacies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103254","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 6","pages":"Article 103254"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highlights of the current issue","authors":"Ningjian Wang (Associate Editor) ,&nbsp;Anoop Misra (Editor-in-Chief)","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 6","pages":"Article 103268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The beneficial effects of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) products and their bioactive compounds on cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with diabetes: A GRADE-Assessed systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ali Jafari ,&nbsp;Helia Mardani ,&nbsp;Faezeh Ghalichi ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Talebian ,&nbsp;Farzaneh Mokhtary ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Razavi ,&nbsp;Ghazaleh Eslamian","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of sesame supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profile, anthropometric measures, liver enzymes, inflammatory biomarkers, blood pressure, and oxidative stress parameters in patients with diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to August 2024. Eligible studies evaluated the effects of sesame supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVDs). Weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Study quality and evidence strength were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen studies, including 731 participants with intervention durations ranging from 6 to 12 weeks, were analyzed. Sesame supplementation significantly reduced fasting glucose (WMD = −28.48; 95 % CI: 37.66, −19.30; P &lt; 0.001), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (WMD = −0.98; 95 % CI: 1.95, −0.02; P = 0.045), postprandial blood glucose (WMD = −15.90; 95 % CI: 21.59, −10.20; P &lt; 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD = −29.72; 95 % CI: 47.88, −11.55; P = 0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD = −32.76; 95 % CI: 52.69, −12.84; P = 0.001), triglycerides (TG) (WMD = −33.46; 95 % CI: 51.55, −15.37; P &lt; 0.001), and significantly increased catalase (CAT) (WMD = 3.41; 95 % CI: 2.86, 3.96; P &lt; 0.001), and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) (WMD = 2.76; 95 % CI: 2.30, 3.22; P &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that sesame supplementation significantly improves CVD risk factors in individuals with diabetes, highlighting its potential as a complementary dietary intervention for managing diabetes-related complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 6","pages":"Article 103264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic differences in skinfold thickness trajectories in children in the born in bradford 1000 cohort study provide modest support for the adipose tissue compartment hypothesis","authors":"E.S. Petherick ,&nbsp;L. Smith ,&nbsp;G. Cézard ,&nbsp;N. Bansal ,&nbsp;J. West ,&nbsp;N. Cameron ,&nbsp;W. Johnson ,&nbsp;T. Norris ,&nbsp;D.A. Lawlor ,&nbsp;J. Wright ,&nbsp;R. Bhopal","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>South Asian populations have high susceptibility to cardiometabolic diseases, with high adiposity for a given Body Mass Index implicated. This study tested the adipose tissue overflow hypothesis that, compared to White Europeans, South Asians have smaller, peripheral subcutaneous adipose tissue depots.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Subscapular, triceps and thigh skinfolds were measured at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months in White British (Number = 561) and British Pakistani (Number = 651) children in Bradford, England. Data were available for 1295 people. Linear spline models of the three skinfold trajectories were developed by ethnic and sex group to allow exploration of mean temporal change between groups. Models were adjusted for birthweight, length of gestation and gestational diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>3-year trajectories differed between skinfold sites, with different patterns of growth observed. White British and British Pakistani children had similar adjusted subscapular skinfold thicknesses. Adjusted triceps skinfolds in British Pakistani boys and girls were mostly lower than White British children. British Pakistani children had adjusted mean thigh skinfold thicknesses mostly lower than White British children.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study provides modest support for the adipose tissue overflow hypothesis. Replication in larger birth cohorts and continuing consideration of the cardiometabolic impacts of potential differences are required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 5","pages":"Article 103227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ankle brachial index and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity as predictor for major adverse limb events and all-cause mortality in diabetes","authors":"Ashish Gupta ,&nbsp;Raveena Singh ,&nbsp;Sanjay Kumar Bhadada ,&nbsp;Edward B. Jude ,&nbsp;Ashu Rastogi","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ankle-brachial index (ABI) is not a reliable index predicting cardiovascular events, as a significant number of patients with normal ABI do have cardiovascular events. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (BaPWV), a non-invasive vascular assessment index for predicting CV events in normal ABI is not studied in type 2 diabetes (T2D).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective study included people with T2D from year 2013 until December 2022 or death. Demographics and T2D related complications were recorded. All participants had ABI and BaPWV measured at study entry and grouped based on initial ABI (group A: ABI 0.7–0.9, group B: ABI 0.9–1.2, and group C: ABI &gt;1.2) and sub-categorised based on BaPWV quartiles. The primary objective was to identify BaPWV cut-offs for prediction of all-cause mortality despite normal ABI.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 16000 patients with T2D were screened and 2186 individuals with first incident diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) were evaluated. The median age of participants was 61 (53–67) years, duration of T2D 10 (6–15) years, and follow-up of 6 (2–8) years. Overall, BaPWV&gt;1882 cm/s was associated with reduced survival [HR 0.750 (0.622–0.904); p = 0.003]. Participants with BaPWV &gt;2210 cm/s (HR = 0.48, 95 % CI: 0.33–0.70, p &lt; 0.001) and BaPWV&lt;1642 cm/s (HR = 0.75, 95 % CI: 0.56–1.002, p = 0.051) had higher mortality risk compared to BaPWV 1642–2210 cm/s, despite normal ABI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A BaPWV&gt;1882 cm/s is associated with reduced survival in people of diabetes. Despite a normal ABI, a BaPWV&gt;2210 cm/s or &lt;1642 cm/s are associated with increased all-cause mortality in people with T2D.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 5","pages":"Article 103239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus: Rushing toward “type 5” amid unresolved questions and limited evidence","authors":"Anoop Misra ,&nbsp;Shashank Joshi ,&nbsp;Ambrish Mithal","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To critically evaluate the historical context, diagnostic ambiguity, epidemiological relevance, and recent proposals to reclassify malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus (MRDM) amid changing nutritional landscapes and existing metabolic data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review synthesizes data from early clinical reports, WHO documents, epidemiological studies, and recent literature on malnutrition and diabetes. Emphasis is placed on diagnostic inconsistencies, the overuse of low BMI as a surrogate for malnutrition, and evolving nutrition trends in India and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MRDM was initially associated with protein-energy malnutrition, low BMI, and insulin-requiring but ketosis-resistant diabetes. However, overlap with other diabetes types, especially autoimmune forms, has raised doubts about its distinct identity. Low BMI is an unreliable proxy for malnutrition in often constitutionally lean populations in LMICs. A 2022 study suggested insulin secretory defects in MRDM, but was limited by small, male-only samples and lack of follow-up. Proposals to classify MRDM as “type 5 diabetes” are questionable, as types 3 and 4 lack formal recognition. Moreover, declining undernutrition rates in LMICs further diminish MRDM's current relevance. Emerging evidence also indicates malnutrition may be more often a consequence than a cause of diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Given its heterogeneity, diagnostic uncertainty, and diminishing epidemiological significance, reclassifying MRDM as a distinct type of diabetes (“type 5 diabetes”) is presently unwarranted. Future classification efforts should prioritize data-driven subtypes with clear therapeutic and prognostic implications, rather than reviving outdated constructs with limited contemporary utility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 5","pages":"Article 103250"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highlights of the current issue","authors":"Ningjian Wang ,&nbsp;Anoop Misra","doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsx.2025.103257","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48252,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome-Clinical Research & Reviews","volume":"19 5","pages":"Article 103257"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}