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Urban sprawl and racial inequality in intergenerational mobility 城市扩张与代际流动中的种族不平等
IF 2.9 2区 经济学
Journal of Economic Geography Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1093/jeg/lbad039
Ning Xiong, Yehua Dennis Wei, Sergio J Rey
{"title":"Urban sprawl and racial inequality in intergenerational mobility","authors":"Ning Xiong, Yehua Dennis Wei, Sergio J Rey","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbad039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbad039","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent racial inequality in socioeconomic status within urban areas has been a significant concern in both the US and European countries. Differences across racial groups in intergenerational mobility (IM) have been identified as a key source of this persistence. However, efforts to understand racial inequality in IM have rarely considered the role of urban sprawl. This article argues that urban sprawl affects differences in IM between racial groups directly and indirectly through racial segregation, racial bias, and social capital. We analyze data from 874 metropolitan counties in the US using structural equation models to test these direct and indirect effects of sprawl on racial inequality in IM. We found that urban sprawl was negatively associated with racial inequality in IM. The direct effect, which we partially attribute to higher racial disparities in social capital in more compact counties, was statistically significant. For the indirect effects, racial segregation had the largest mediating effects between urban sprawl and racial inequality in IM, followed by economic connectedness (EC) and racial bias. The net indirect effect of sprawl on racial inequality in IM was negative because negative indirect effects through racial segregation and EC outweigh positive indirect effects through racial bias. Our findings demonstrate the significant role of urban form in racial inequality in IM.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139494948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Leveraging the digital layer: the strength of weak and strong ties in bridging geographic and cognitive distances 利用数字层：弱关系和强关系在弥合地理和认知距离方面的优势
IF 2.9 2区 经济学
Journal of Economic Geography Pub Date : 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.1093/jeg/lbad037
Milad Abbasiharofteh, Jan Kinne, Miriam Krüger
{"title":"Leveraging the digital layer: the strength of weak and strong ties in bridging geographic and cognitive distances","authors":"Milad Abbasiharofteh, Jan Kinne, Miriam Krüger","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbad037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbad037","url":null,"abstract":"Firms may seek non-redundant information through inter-firm relations beyond their geographic and cognitive boundaries (i.e., relations with firms in other regions and active in different fields). Little is known about the conditions under which firms benefit from this high-risk/high-gain strategy. We created a digital layer of 600,000 German firms by using their websites’ textual and relational content. Our results suggest that strong relations (relations with common third partners) between firms from different fields and inter-regional relations are positively associated with a firm’s innovation level. We also found that a specific combination of weak and strong relations confers greater innovation benefits.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139041461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Congestion and scheduling preferences of car commuters in California: estimates using big data 加州汽车通勤者的拥堵和调度偏好:使用大数据的估计
IF 2.9 2区 经济学
Journal of Economic Geography Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1093/jeg/lbad033
Jinwon Kim, Jucheol Moon
{"title":"Congestion and scheduling preferences of car commuters in California: estimates using big data","authors":"Jinwon Kim, Jucheol Moon","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbad033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbad033","url":null,"abstract":"This article estimates commuters’ scheduling utility function, which comprises the disutility of arriving at work earlier or later than desired (namely, the schedule-delay cost) and the disutility of travel time. The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) between the schedule delay and the travel time is about 0.85, meaning that commuters are willing to accept an extra schedule delay of about 1.2 time units (the reciprocal of 0.85) to reduce their travel time by 1 unit. For most travelers, the slope of the travel-time profile is much smaller than the estimated slope of the indifference curve (MRS). Based on our theoretical framework, where commuters choose a trip timing based on their travel-time profiles, our empirical results imply that commuters tend to arrive around their desired times bearing a small schedule-delay cost.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138449698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quality of communications infrastructure, local structural transformation, and inequality 通信基础设施的质量、地方结构转型和不平等
IF 2.9 2区 经济学
Journal of Economic Geography Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1093/jeg/lbad032
Camilo Acosta, Luis Baldomero-Quintana
{"title":"Quality of communications infrastructure, local structural transformation, and inequality","authors":"Camilo Acosta, Luis Baldomero-Quintana","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbad032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbad032","url":null,"abstract":"We estimate the causal impact of communication infrastructure quality on growth and structural transformation. We use variation across US counties’ Internet speeds in 2018 and build an instrument using ARPANET, a military network that preceded the modern Internet, with its location documented in historical government reports. We find that doubling Internet speeds increases the 4-year employment growth by 3.3–6.1 percentage points. Faster Internet shifts economic activity toward high-skilled services and away from non-tradeable services while increasing inequality. Industry linkages, capital-skill complementarity, and information and communication technology workers’ sorting rationalize our results. Medium and small cities and rural areas drive our results.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138289222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rethinking resource enclavity in developing countries: Embedding Global Production Networks in gold mining regions 重新思考发展中国家的资源奴役：将全球生产网络嵌入金矿区
IF 2.9 2区 经济学
Journal of Economic Geography Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1093/jeg/lbad028
Gavin Hilson, Yanfei Hu, Abigail Hilson, John R Owen, Éléonore Lèbre, Titus Sauerwein
{"title":"Rethinking resource enclavity in developing countries: Embedding Global Production Networks in gold mining regions","authors":"Gavin Hilson, Yanfei Hu, Abigail Hilson, John R Owen, Éléonore Lèbre, Titus Sauerwein","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbad028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbad028","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores how the gold mining sector has adapted and evolved in developing countries since the onset of the global pandemic. A major criticism of capital-intensive gold mines has been that they occur as enclaves which fail to catalyze local economic development. Pre-pandemic, the pressure applied by NGOs and donors on gold mining companies to ‘de-enclave’ was steadily building. It has since dissipated, however, because many governments have declared mining an ‘essential’ industry. This decision has further entrenched the sector’s enclavity by justifying companies’ moves to continue operating in isolation and abandon their traditional Corporate Social Responsibility strategies.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71507423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Austerity urbanism, local government debt-drive, and post COVID predicaments in Britain 紧缩的城市化、地方政府债务驱动和英国新冠疫情后的困境
IF 2.9 2区 经济学
Journal of Economic Geography Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1093/jeg/lbad031
Hulya Dagdeviren
{"title":"Austerity urbanism, local government debt-drive, and post COVID predicaments in Britain","authors":"Hulya Dagdeviren","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbad031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbad031","url":null,"abstract":"Conditions of local governance in the aftermath of the global financial crisis are often discussed as reflections of ‘austerity urbanism’. What forms of mutations have taken place in austerity urbanism after the initial years of spending cuts at the local level? This article investigates this question by focusing on the uneven geographies of post-austerity debt-drive in Britain. It is shown that austerity urbanism in Britain was somewhat peculiarly combined with debt-driven ‘entrepreneurialism’ several years after the introduction of extensive budgetary cuts. The local debt-drive was instigated by austerity-urbanism as a way of resolving the challenge of financing local services and development. The relatively low level of initial debt stock among local governments, very attractive borrowing terms and various regulatory changes facilitated the expansion of borrowing. Using debt stock data for over 300 local governments, it is demonstrated how debt build-up evolved to create financial difficulties for around 40 per cent of local governments. The Covid-19 pandemic, with its severe impacts on local revenues, exposed the debt-driven local development projects, leading to rescue operations and efforts to curb borrowing through new rules and regulations. For deeper international insights into the dynamics of debt-financing and urban development in times of crises, further research is needed to complement existing research in Britain and the USA, where relatively greater evidence exists.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71514437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Large-scale affordable housing construction and public goods provision: evidence from Iran 大规模经济适用房建设和公共产品提供:来自伊朗的证据
2区 经济学
Journal of Economic Geography Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1093/jeg/lbad030
Saeed Tajrishy, Mohammad Vesal
{"title":"Large-scale affordable housing construction and public goods provision: evidence from Iran","authors":"Saeed Tajrishy, Mohammad Vesal","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbad030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbad030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Affordable housing projects may affect neighboring property values. Negative spillovers are more likely in developing countries because governments may fail to provide complementary infrastructures such as schools. We study one of the world’s largest affordable housing projects, the Mehr housing project in Iran, which facilitated the construction of 2 million affordable apartments. Using the universe of house transactions in nineteen large cities, we employ a difference-in-differences methodology to estimate the causal impact of Mehr on neighboring properties. Results show nearby housing prices fall by 11%. This negative effect fades away in neighborhoods that saw a proportionate expansion of schools.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135889322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
R&D location in dynamic industry environments 研发位置在动态的行业环境中
2区 经济学
Journal of Economic Geography Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1093/jeg/lbad024
Luca Colombo, Herbert Dawid, Philipp Harting
{"title":"R&D location in dynamic industry environments","authors":"Luca Colombo, Herbert Dawid, Philipp Harting","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbad024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbad024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We study firms’ optimal R&D location strategies in a dynamic industry model with competition in product quality. In light of potential future inwards and outwards spillovers firms make their location choices relying on heuristic strategies that are based on the expected present values associated with alternative location patterns. Using a simulation analysis, we show how the strategies of innovators and imitators differ and how they depend on whether firms operate in strongly or weakly innovative industry environments. We also characterize how firms’ location choices should account for the innovativeness of the competitors active in a location.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Zoom city: working from home, urban productivity and land use Zoom城市:在家工作，城市生产力和土地使用
2区 经济学
Journal of Economic Geography Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1093/jeg/lbad025
Efthymia Kyriakopoulou, Pierre M Picard
{"title":"The Zoom city: working from home, urban productivity and land use","authors":"Efthymia Kyriakopoulou, Pierre M Picard","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbad025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbad025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article investigates the impact of working from home (WFH) on the emergence and structure of monocentric cities. In the long run, WFH raises urban productivity only in sufficiently large cities. Business land rents fall while residential land rents decrease near the business district. Workers have incentives to adopt inefficiently high WFH schemes. In the short run, WFH yields mixed benefits for commuters and firms, which corroborates the low WFH adoption before the pandemic. Advances in digital technology increase the welfare benefits of WFH. Calibration exercises on European capital cities shed light on the quantitative impact of WFH.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135855019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The decentralization of public employment services and local governments’ responses to incentives 公共就业服务的分散化和地方政府对激励措施的反应
2区 经济学
Journal of Economic Geography Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1093/jeg/lbad027
Jeremias Nieminen, Ohto Kanninen, Hannu Karhunen
{"title":"The decentralization of public employment services and local governments’ responses to incentives","authors":"Jeremias Nieminen, Ohto Kanninen, Hannu Karhunen","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbad027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbad027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We examine how the decentralization of public employment services (PES) affects the behavior and service provision of PES offices and the labor market outcomes of job seekers. We use difference-in-differences, utilizing a Finnish temporary reform during which PES were decentralized for specific groups of job seekers in treated municipalities and remained centralized for others. The reform presented the treated municipalities with the possibility of shifting costs to the central government. We find no evidence of better labor market outcomes and find evidence consistent with municipalities being able to shift 10% of their unemployment benefit costs to the central government.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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