Demographic Research最新文献

{"title":"Does race response shift impact racial inequality?","authors":"J. Muniz, Stanley R. Bailey","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.30","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Previous research posits that racial reclassification, or response shift, may confound measures of racial earnings inequality. However, this claim has not been systematically tested. OBJECTIVE We measure racial response shift in Brazil and examine its impact on white-to-nonwhite earnings inequality between survey waves over ten years at nine-month intervals. METHODS We use individual-level linked data from the 2002–2012 Monthly Employment Survey, involving Brazil’s six largest metropolitan areas (n = 400,046). We describe the level and pattern of racial reclassification across time and by income rank. We then decompose racial inequality into two components (income and population ratios) to examine the impact of racial response shift on estimates of racial inequality and to construct analytic counterfactuals.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45074127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender and educational inequalities in disability-free life expectancy among older adults living in Italian regions","authors":"Margherita Moretti, Cosmo Strozza","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.29","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Italy’s life expectancy at age 65 is one of the highest in Europe, but its disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) is not so high. To understand this diverging pattern of longevity and health it is essential to consider indicators accounting for both mortality and morbidity, and to analyse the gender, social, and geographical inequities characterising them. OBJECTIVE The aim is to quantify the gender, social, and geographical inequalities in DFLE among Italian older adults and analyse the age-specific contribution of mortality and morbidity to those inequalities.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43543690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do the consequences of parental separation for children’s educational success vary by parental education? The role of educational thresholds","authors":"W. Schulz","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.28","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46371918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small-area estimates from consumer trace data","authors":"Arthur Acolin, Ari Decter-Frain, Matt Hall","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.27","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Timely, accurate, and precise demographic estimates at various levels of geography are crucial for planning, policymaking, and analysis. In the United States, data from the decennial census and annual American Community Survey (ACS) serve as the main sources for subnational demographic estimates. While estimates derived from these sources are widely regarded as accurate, their timeliness is limited and variability sizable for small geographic units like towns and neighborhoods. OBJECTIVE This paper investigates the potential for using nonrepresentative consumer trace data assembled by commercial vendors to produce valid and timely estimates. We focus on data purchased from Data Axle, which contains the names and addresses of over 150 million Americans annually.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46305172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial heterogeneity in son preference across India’s 640 districts: An application of small-area estimation","authors":"Abhishek Singh, A. Upadhyay, Kaushalendra Kumar, A. Singh, F. Johnson, S. Padmadas","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.26","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Son preference is culturally rooted across generations in India. While the social and economic implications of son preference are widely acknowledged, there is little evidence on spatial heterogeneity, especially at the district level. OBJECTIVE To derive estimates of son preference for the 640 districts of India and examine spatial heterogeneity in son preference across the districts of India. METHODS We apply model-based Small-Area Estimation (SAE) techniques, linking data from the 2015–2016 Indian National Family Health Survey and the 2011 Indian Population and Housing Census to generate district-level estimates of son preference. RESULTS The diagnostic measures confirm that the model-based estimates are robust enough to provide reliable estimates of son preference at the district level. Son preference is highest in the districts across northern and central Indian states, followed by districts in Gujarat 1 Corresponding author. Department of Public Health & Mortality Studies and Center of Demography of Gender, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India. ORCID ID 0000-0001-6263-4410. Email: abhishek@iipsindia.ac.in. 2 School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India. Email: ashishsingh@som.iitb.ac.in. 3 GENDER Project, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India. 4 Department of Population and Health, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana. Email: famoakojohnson@ucc.edu.gh. ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0896-937X. 5 Department of Public Health & Mortality Studies and Center for Demography of Gender, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India. ORCID ID 0000-0001-5913-0297. Email: kaushal@iipsindia.ac.in. 6 Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute, University of Southampton, United Kingdom. ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6538-9374. Email: S.Padmadas@soton.ac.uk. Singh et al.: Spatial heterogeneity in son preference in India 794 https://www.demographic-research.org and Maharashtra, and lowest in the southern districts in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. CONCLUSIONS There is considerable heterogeneity in son preference across Indian districts, often masked by state-level average estimates. Our findings warrant urgent policy interventions targeting specific districts in India to tackle the ongoing son-preference attitudes and practices. CONTRIBUTION Our study demonstrates the power of SAE techniques to generate robust estimates of son preference at the district level. This study is the first of its kind to examine spatial patterns in parity-specific son preference at the district level in India.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44555986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing mind, changing plans? Instability of individual gender attitudes and postponement of marriage in Germany","authors":"Daniele Florean","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.25","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Numerous studies address the relationship between gender attitudes and family formation, especially the attitudes–fertility connection. To date, little attention has been paid to the longitudinal dynamics of these attitudes, in particular the stability of attitudes over time, and the impact of their stability on marriage. OBJECTIVE To investigate how stable or unstable gender attitudes are related to the timing of first transitions to marriage in Germany.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49650793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity among the never married in a low-fertility context","authors":"Jolene Tan","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.24","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND While there has been extensive research on trends in marriage and singlehood, few studies have examined heterogeneity among never-married individuals in a low-fertility context. As a country that has experienced a steady decline in marriage and an accompanying rise in singlehood, Singapore presents a compelling context in which to study the singlehood phenomenon. OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand variations in the never-married population based on their family-related attitudes. It seeks to classify the never married into subgroups and examine how these groups relate in terms of their sociodemographic traits and marriage desires. METHODS Using data from the Perceptions of Singles on Marriage and Having Children study (N = 1,980), latent class analysis was performed to develop a typology of the never married. Latent class analysis applies a person-centered approach to identify heterogeneity between and homogeneity within subgroups based on associations among a set of observed indicators. RESULTS Four never-married subgroups were identified: family conservatives (37%), conflicted conservatives (24%), family progressives (22%), and family skeptics (17%). There were distinct characteristics among subgroups in terms of age, sex, and relationship status. A strong gradient in marriage desires was found across the never-married subgroups, implying that variations between subgroups are an important determinant of the desire to marry. CONCLUSIONS The paper highlights the importance of recognizing diversity among the never-married population as a first step to understanding the flight from marriage. 1 Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. Email: jolene.tan@anu.edu.au. Tan: Heterogeneity among the never married in a low-fertility context 728 https://www.demographic-research.org CONTRIBUTION These findings have implications for societies with declining marriage and fertility rates, especially in contexts where marriage is closely linked to childbearing.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44684273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the application of generalized additive models to discrete-time event history analysis for birth events","authors":"Joann Ellison, A. Berrington, Erengul Dodd, J. Forster","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.22","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Discrete-time event history analysis (EHA) is the standard approach taken when modelling fertility histories collected in surveys, where the date of birth is often recorded imprecisely. This method is commonly used to investigate the factors associated with the time to a first or subsequent conception or birth. Although there is an emerging trend towards the smooth incorporation of continuous covariates in the broader literature, this is yet to be formally embraced in the context of birth events. OBJECTIVE We investigate the formal application of smooth methods implemented via generalized additive models (GAMs) to the analysis of fertility histories. We also determine whether and where GAMs offer a practical improvement over existing approaches. We fit parity-specific logistic GAMs to data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study, learning about the effects of age, period, time since last birth, educational qualification, and country of birth. First, we select the most parsimonious GAMs that fit the data sufficiently well. Then we compare them with corresponding models that use the existing methods of categorical, polynomial, and piecewise linear spline representations in terms of fit, complexity, and substantive insights gained.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45708234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When investment backfires: Unbalanced sex ratios and mental health among boys in rural areas","authors":"Hantao Wu, Ting Li","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.21","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND In China, a key feature of demographic transition is the abnormally high sex ratio, resulting in a shortage of brides. In addition, depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents have risen sharply in the last decade, and among these adolescents, boys in rural areas are most likely to be depressed. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigate the phenomenon of depression in a large number of rural boys. We hypothesize that upon perceiving the strong competition in the local marriage market, rural parents tend to increase educational investment to improve their sons’ relative standing in the market, thereby leading to high pressure and depression among rural boys. we constructed a difference-in-differences model featuring rich fixed to absorb invariant confounding factors and cohort trends across To ensure the of we studied the first the child’s gender.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44384091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culture portability from origin to destination country: The gender division of domestic work among migrants in Italy","authors":"E. Brini, Anna Zamberlan, P. Barbieri","doi":"10.4054/demres.2022.47.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2022.47.20","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND The relative importance of a cultural component in the gender division of unpaid labour is still debated. OBJECTIVE Drawing on the epidemiological approach to the study of culture, we investigate the cultural component of gender inequality by examining whether gender asymmetries in housework and childcare in families with a migrant background relate to gender equity in the country of origin. METHODS Through multilevel models based on microlevel data (Istat SCIF survey), we examine the extent to which the division of household labour between immigrant partners living in Italy relates to gender equity in their origin country, proxied by the Global Gender Gap Index. We further analyse the changing importance of gender equity in the country of origin at different lengths of stay in the destination country. the coefficient related to overall housework, and points to the presence of fine-grained distinctions between specific activities. Results for childcare tasks corroborate descriptive and aggregate findings: gender equity in the origin country relates positively and strongly (also compared to housework) to male engagement in both general childcare (beta = 0.034) and children’s education (beta = 0.039).","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43481055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}