Victor Antunes Leocádio, Anne H. Gauthier, M. Mynarska, Rafael Costa
{"title":"The quality of fertility data in the web-based Generations and Gender Survey","authors":"Victor Antunes Leocádio, Anne H. Gauthier, M. Mynarska, Rafael Costa","doi":"10.4054/demres.2023.49.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2023.49.3","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND The Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) enables investigating family-related events from a life course perspective. After its first round of face-to-face implementation, various factors resulted in the second round being implemented on the web. Despite its advantages, implementing a web-based GGS has its drawbacks ‒ for instance, possible misreporting, and especially underreporting, of life history variables due to the lack of on-site guidance. OBJECTIVE To assess the quality of GGS second-round data collected through the web by verifying the accuracy of fertility histories.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44855668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On a closed-form expression and its approximation to Gompertz life disparity","authors":"Cinzia Di Palo","doi":"10.4054/demres.2023.49.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2023.49.1","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND In the literature, there exists a closed form solution to the remaining life expectancy at age x when mortality is governed by the Gompertz law. This expression contains a special function that allows us to construct high-accuracy approximations, which are also helpful in assessing the elasticity of life expectancy with respect to the model parameters. However, to my knowledge, a similar formulation for life disparity does not exist, and as a consequence, it does not exist for life table entropy either.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45209422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Demographic ResearchPub Date : 2023-07-01Epub Date: 2023-07-11DOI: 10.4054/demres.2023.49.5
Arun S Hendi
{"title":"Estimation of confidence intervals for decompositions and other complex demographic estimators.","authors":"Arun S Hendi","doi":"10.4054/demres.2023.49.5","DOIUrl":"10.4054/demres.2023.49.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While the use of standard errors and confidence intervals is common in regression-based studies in the population sciences, it is far less common in studies using formal demographic measures and methods, including demographic decompositions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article describes and provides explicit instructions for using four different approaches for computing standard errors for complex demographic estimators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Standard errors for Arriaga's decomposition of life expectancy differences are computed using the delta method, the Poisson bootstrap, the binomial bootstrap, and the Monte Carlo approaches. The methods are demonstrated using a 50% sample of vital statistics data on age-specific mortality among urban women in the Pacific region of the United States in 1990 and 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All four methods for computing standard errors returned similar estimates, with the delta method, Poisson bootstrap, and Monte Carlo approaches being the most consistent. The Monte Carlo approach is recommended for general use, while the delta method is recommended for specific cases.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study documents multiple ways of estimating statistical uncertainty for complex demographic estimators and describes in detail how to apply these various methods to nearly any rate-based demographic measure. It also provides advice on when the use of standard errors is and is not appropriate in demographic studies. Explicit formulae for computing standard errors for Arriaga's decomposition using the delta method approach are derived.</p>","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"83-108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10795479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41396001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The gender gap in schooling outcomes: A cohort study of young men and women in India","authors":"John Nunley, Nabamita Dutta","doi":"10.4054/demres.2023.48.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2023.48.33","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although literacy rates in India have improved for both men and women, less is known about the evolution of gender disparities across different levels of educational attainment.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136355830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sha Jiang, Wenyun Zuo, Zhen Guo, H. Caswell, S. Tuljapurkar
{"title":"How does the demographic transition affect kinship networks?","authors":"Sha Jiang, Wenyun Zuo, Zhen Guo, H. Caswell, S. Tuljapurkar","doi":"10.4054/demres.2023.48.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2023.48.32","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44382689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ethnic and regional inequalities in Russian military fatalities in Ukraine: Preliminary findings from crowdsourced data","authors":"Alexey Bessudnov","doi":"10.4054/demres.2023.48.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2023.48.31","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES This paper investigates ethnic and regional disparities in fatality rates in the Russian military in 2022 ‒ 2023 during the war in Ukraine. METHODS The analysis uses a new crowdsourced dataset comprising the names of over 20,000 Russian soldiers killed in Ukraine between February 2022 and April 2023. This dataset was compiled by a team of volunteers who gathered information from social media and other accessible sources. The dataset is incomplete and therefore the findings reported in this paper are tentative. Mortality rates and relative risks are estimated by ethnic group and region, and a linear model is fitted to assess the correlation between the ethnic composition of the population, socioeconomic factors, and regional fatality rates.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41542233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subnational variations in births and marriages during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea","authors":"Myunggu Jung, D. S. Lee","doi":"10.4054/demres.2023.48.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2023.48.30","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND It has been postulated that the COVID-19 pandemic will contribute to fertility decline, especially in low-fertility contexts. Little is known how the consequences of the pandemic differed at the subnational level. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether fertility declined beyond the first wave in early 2020 at both the national and the subnational levels in South Korea. We also examined marital rates, given that delayed marriage is a strong driver of low fertility in many East Asian countries.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43376743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Collection on The new roles of women and men and implications for families and societies","authors":"L. Oláh, R. Richter, I. Kotowska","doi":"10.4054/demres.2023.48.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2023.48.29","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND This is the introduction to a special collection of articles produced within a large-scale collaborative research project, FamiliesAndSocieties, funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme in 2013 ‒ 2017. OBJECTIVE The special collection addresses (1) the gendered outcomes of employment for fertility, well-being, and partnership stability, and (2) the new role of men in various socioeconomic positions and its implications for family life.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42165755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Turra, F. Fernandes, Júlia Almeida Calazans, M. Nepomuceno
{"title":"Age reporting for the oldest old in the Brazilian COVID-19 vaccination database: What can we learn from it?","authors":"C. Turra, F. Fernandes, Júlia Almeida Calazans, M. Nepomuceno","doi":"10.4054/demres.2023.48.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2023.48.28","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Age misreporting affects population estimates at older ages. In Brazil, every citizen must be registered and show an identity document to vaccinate against COVID-19. This requirement to present proof of age provides a unique opportunity for measuring the oldest-old population using novel administrative data.OBJECTIVES To offer critically assessed estimates of the Brazilian population aged 80 and older based on data from the vaccination registration system (VRS). To uncover discrepancies between the number of vaccinated oldest-old people and the projections used to estimate target populations for COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS We calculate data quality indicators based on data from the VRS - namely, 100+/80+ and 90+/80+ population proportions, sex ratios, and the Myers blended index - and compare them to those based on data on target populations from Brazilian censuses and demographic projections, and from Sweden - a country with high-quality data. We also estimate vaccination coverage ratios using population projections adjusted to excess deaths as the denominators.RESULTS Requiring documentation reduces age heaping, age exaggeration, and sex ratios marginally. However, it cannot solve the problem of the misreporting of birth dates due to the absence of long-standing birth registration systems in Brazil, particularly in the northern and central regions. In addition, we find a mismatch between the projected populations and numbers of vaccinated people across regions.CONCLUSIONS Despite improvements in data quality in Brazil, we are still not confident about the accuracy of age reporting among the oldest old in the less advantaged Brazilian regions. The postponement of the 2020 census reduced the ability of authorities to define the target populations for vaccinations against COVID-19 and other diseases.CONTRIBUTIONS This is the first study to compare population estimates for the oldest old in administrative data and census data in Brazil. Age misreporting resulted in discrepancies that may have compromised the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43752725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved bounds and high-accuracy estimates for remaining life expectancy via quadrature rule-based methods","authors":"O. Fernandez","doi":"10.4054/demres.2023.48.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2023.48.27","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Previous research has derived bounds on the remaining life expectancy function e ( x ) that connect survivorship and remaining life expectancy at two age values and therefore can be used to, among other things, estimate life expectancy at birth when the population’s full mortality trajectory is not known. RESULTS We show that the aforementioned bounds emerge from using particular two-node closed quadrature rules and prove a theorem that establishes conditions for when an n -node closed rule respects those bounds for e ( x ) . This enables the usage of known high-accuracy rules that stay within the bounds and provide new high-accuracy estimates for e ( x ) . We show that among this set of rules are ones that yield exact estimates for e ( x ) . We illustrate our work empirically using life table data from French females since 1816 and discover a new empirical regularity linking life expectancy at birth in the data set to survivorship and remaining life expectancy at age 20.","PeriodicalId":48242,"journal":{"name":"Demographic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49166479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}