Journal of Technology Transfer最新文献

{"title":"Identifying High Resource Consumption Areas of Assembly-Centric Manufacturing in the United States.","authors":"Douglas Thomas,&nbsp;Anand Kandaswamy","doi":"10.1007/s10961-017-9577-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-017-9577-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper examines supply chain value added in the US for producing assembly-centric products, which includes machinery, computers, electronics, and transportation equipment, and determines whether costs are disproportionally distributed. The implication being that reductions in resource consumption in some cost areas can disproportionally reduce total resource consumption. Efforts to develop and disseminate innovative solutions to improve efficiency can, therefore, be targeted to these high cost areas, resulting in larger efficiency improvements than might otherwise be achieved. An input-output model is used for this examination and is combined with labor data and data on assets. The top 20 industries, occupations, and industry occupation combinations contributing to production are identified. A sensitivity analysis is conducted on the model using Monte Carlo simulation. The results confirm that costs are disproportionally distributed, having a Gini coefficient of 0.75 for value added and for compensation it is 0.86. <i>Wholesale trade</i>, <i>aircraft manufacturing</i>, and the <i>management of companies and enterprises</i> were the industries with the largest contribution to assembly-centric manufacturing, even when including imports. Energy in the form of electricity and natural gas were discussed separately, but would rank 8^th if compared to the industry rankings. In terms of occupation activities, team assemblers, general and operations managers, and sales representatives were the largest occupations. Public entities might use this model and results to identify efficiency improvement efforts that will have the largest impact on industry per dollar of expenditure.</p>","PeriodicalId":48228,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Transfer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10961-017-9577-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37232765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Networks of collaborative alliances: the second order interfirm technological distance and innovation performance","authors":"Hugo Ernesto Martínez Ardila, Julián Eduardo Mora Moreno, Jaime Alberto Camacho Pico","doi":"10.1007/s10961-018-9704-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-018-9704-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48228,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Transfer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10961-018-9704-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52456092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of digital start-up founders' higher education on reaching equity investment milestones.","authors":"Daniel Ratzinger,&nbsp;Kevin Amess,&nbsp;Andrew Greenman,&nbsp;Simon Mosey","doi":"10.1007/s10961-017-9627-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-017-9627-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper builds on human capital theory to assess the importance of formal education among graduate entrepreneurs. Using a sample of 4953 digital start-ups the paper evaluates the impact of start-up founding teams' higher education on the probability of securing equity investment and subsequent exit for investors. The main findings are: (1), teams with a founder that has a technical education are less likely to remain self-financed and are more likely to secure equity investment and to exit, but the impact of technical education declines with higher level degrees, (2) teams with a founder that has doctoral level business education are less likely to remain self-financed and have a higher probability of securing equity investment, while undergraduate and postgraduate business education have no significant effect, and (3) teams with a founder that has an undergraduate general education (arts and humanities) are less likely to remain self-financed and are more likely to secure equity investment and exit while postgraduate and doctoral general education have no significant effect on securing equity investment and exit. The findings enhance our understanding of factors that influence digital start-ups achieving equity milestones by showing the heterogeneous influence of different types of higher education, and therefore human capital, on new ventures achieving equity milestones. The results suggest that researchers and policy-makers should extend their consideration of universities entrepreneurial activity to include the development of human capital.</p>","PeriodicalId":48228,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Transfer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10961-017-9627-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37104981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The short-run effects of knowledge intensive greenfield FDI on new domestic entry.","authors":"Sara Amoroso,&nbsp;Bettina Müller","doi":"10.1007/s10961-017-9575-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-017-9575-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Existing evidence on the impact of foreign direct investment on domestic economies remains ambiguous. Positive technology spillovers of foreign investment may be outweighed by negative crowding out effect due to increased competition. In this paper, we employ a unique country/sector-level data set to investigate the impact of what is considered the 'best' type of foreign investment-greenfield knowledge intensive FDI-on domestic entry. Our results suggest that, in the short run, this type of FDI is positively related to the entry rate in the host country, if the domestic sector is either dynamic, or highly R&D intensive. These sectors may be respectively characterized by lower entry costs, which encourage a 'trial-and-error' learning business approach, and by a higher level of absorptive capacity which increases the chance of technology transfer.</p>","PeriodicalId":48228,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Transfer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10961-017-9575-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37354835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The economics of innovation: a review article","authors":"Grazia Cecere","doi":"10.1007/s10961-013-9319-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-013-9319-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48228,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Transfer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10961-013-9319-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52455989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"University Startups as a Commercialization Alternative: Lessons from Three Contrasting University Case Studies","authors":"P. Swamidass","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1929966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1929966","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48228,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Transfer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67797809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transferring knowledge in Quebec–Mexico partnerships: the case of the dairy industry","authors":"Ariadna Julieta Rodríguez Díaz","doi":"10.1007/s10961-010-9197-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-010-9197-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48228,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Transfer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2010-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10961-010-9197-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52455967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of university culture and stakeholders' perceptions on university-business linking activities","authors":"J. H. Gassol","doi":"10.1007/S10961-007-9035-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/S10961-007-9035-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48228,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Transfer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2007-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/S10961-007-9035-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52455874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The science commons in health research: structure, function, and value.","authors":"Robert Cook-Deegan","doi":"10.1007/s10961-006-9016-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10961-006-9016-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The \"science commons,\" knowledge that is widely accessible at low or no cost, is a uniquely important input to scientific advance and cumulative technological innovation. It is primarily, although not exclusively, funded by government and nonprofit sources. Much of it is produced at academic research centers, although some academic science is proprietary and some privately funded R&D enters the science commons. Science in general aspires to Mertonian norms of openness, universality, objectivity, and critical inquiry. The science commons diverges from proprietary science primarily in being open and being very broadly available. These features make the science commons particularly valuable for advancing knowledge, for training innovators who will ultimately work in both public and private sectors, and in providing a common stock of knowledge upon which all players-both public and private-can draw readily. Open science plays two important roles that proprietary R&D cannot: it enables practical benefits even in the absence of profitable markets for goods and services, and its lays a shared foundation for subsequent private R&D. The history of genomics in the period 1992-2004, covering two periods when genomic startup firms attracted significant private R&D investment, illustrates these features of how a science commons contributes value. Commercial interest in genomics was intense during this period. Fierce competition between private sector and public sector genomics programs was highly visible. Seemingly anomalous behavior, such as private firms funding \"open science,\" can be explained by unusual business dynamics between established firms wanting to preserve a robust science commons to prevent startup firms from limiting established firms' freedom to operate. Deliberate policies to create and protect a large science commons were pursued by nonprofit and government funders of genomics research, such as the Wellcome Trust and National Institutes of Health. These policies were crucial to keeping genomic data and research tools widely available at low cost.</p>","PeriodicalId":48228,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Transfer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4982884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34344238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The science commons in health research: structure, function, and value","authors":"R. Cook-Deegan","doi":"10.1007/s10961-006-9028-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-006-9028-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48228,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Transfer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10961-006-9028-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52455765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}