British Journal of Clinical Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Do schema modes predict outcome of cognitive behavioural therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety disorders?","authors":"Manon Peeters, Boris van Passel, Nancy Peeters, Julie Krans","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the psychological treatment of choice for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or an anxiety disorder. However, a substantial group (30-40%) does not profit sufficiently. Predictors of outcome inform us about how to adapt interventions for this group. Specifically, schema modes might affect CBT outcome; yet, research into the relation between schema modes and CBT outcome for anxiety disorders and OCD is very limited. In this study, it was investigated whether adaptive and maladaptive schema modes predict CBT outcome controlling for symptom levels at the start of treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pre-treatment maladaptive and adaptive schema modes and pre- and post-treatment psychological distress were assessed in 100 patients (60 women and 40 men with a mean age of 32.49 years) diagnosed with OCD (n = 56) or an anxiety disorder (n = 44) receiving CBT. Regression analyses were conducted to assess the unique predictive value of adaptive and maladaptive schema modes in addition to pre-treatment levels of psychological distress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pre-treatment maladaptive modes (specifically maladaptive child modes) significantly predicted psychological distress after CBT with small effect sizes. Higher pre-treatment adaptive modes were associated with better CBT response, although this effect was not robust.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the small effect size, our study does not yield strong evidence that schema modes influence CBT outcome for patients with OCD or anxiety disorders. Given that this is the first study testing this effect, our findings need to be replicated, preferably in disorder-specific samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review of service user experiences of potential harm in early intervention in psychosis services in the UK.","authors":"Georgie Hudson, India Francis-Crossley, Craig S Mackie, Rachel Hiller, James B Kirkbride, Claire Powell","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Early intervention in psychosis (EIP) services provide care for individuals experiencing first-episode psychosis and are considered both clinically and cost-effective. While many have positive experiences of EIP, there have also been reports of perceived harm. This scoping review synthesized qualitative evidence on service user perspectives of potential harm in EIP services in the UK, to consider how services may continue to improve practice to meet the needs of their service users.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a scoping review following a pre-registered protocol. Systematic searches were performed in PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL Plus and Medline on 9th October 2024, and updated searches on 12th January 2026. We included peer-reviewed qualitative studies exploring service user experiences in EIP services in the UK. Data on reported harms from eligible studies were thematically analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria. We identified four main themes: (1) Intersection of stigma and lack of cultural awareness; (2) Inappropriate or inadequate support; (3) Poor relationships and communication; and (4) Challenges in the discharge process.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While EIP services offer the current gold standard of care for first-episode psychosis, our review highlighted some areas where harm was perceived to have arisen. Such information presents potential targets for service improvement. Strengthening communication and enhancing information sharing may help mitigate potential harms and optimize service user experiences. Further research to quantify the prevalence of harms within EIP services is needed to inform best practices and ensure equitable, person-centred care.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No added cost: Emotion recognition in co-occurring ADHD and ASD.","authors":"Irene Sophia Plank, Kaltrina Krasniqi, Alexandra Pior, Julia Nowak, Christine M Falter-Wagner","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Facial emotion recognition (FER) is fundamental for social interaction, yet this ability is often impaired in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While research has documented these difficulties, two key questions remain: Are these deficits specific to recognising emotions or do they reflect broader challenges in face processing? Does the increasingly documented co-occurrence of ADHD and ASD exacerbate these difficulties?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared emotion discrimination thresholds (EDT) in N = 92 participants aged 17-45 years (mean = 28.5, SD = 7.2), including 22 autistic-only, 24 ADHD-only, 22 co-occurring ADHD+ASD and 24 typically-developing individuals. We measured EDT with faces gradually changing from a neutral to an emotional expression (angry, fearful, happy or sad) and designed a non-emotional control task. Using eye tracking, we ruled out potential differences in visual attention to facial features between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We showed a specific disadvantage in emotion in the clinical groups, with increased EDT in all three clinical groups, with effect sizes ranging from .43 for co-occurring ADHD+ASD to .77 for autistic-only. Crucially, emotion recognition deficits were not amplified by the co-occurrence of ADHD and ASD, when considering performance in the control task.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study possibly suggests equal mechanisms underlying reduced FER in ASD and ADHD. This mechanism should be identified to develop targeted interventions addressing social cognitive challenges in ASD and ADHD, improving social integration and well-being. Clinicians should recognise that FER difficulties are shared across both conditions, since a primary association with ASD may lead to unwarranted assumptions of ASD co-occurrence in ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The real experience of older people with schizophrenia: A qualitative meta-synthesis.","authors":"Yuying Sun, Liwen Liao, Xiaochao Jin, Ping Li, Weili Zhao, Li Li","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic mental disorder. Global ageing and improved survival rates have increased the proportion of older people living with schizophrenia, a population whose complex subjective experiences and needs require deeper understanding.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study systematically synthesizes qualitative evidence to elucidate the lived experiences and needs of older people with schizophrenia, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for developing targeted interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO for qualitative studies on the illness experiences, perceptions and needs of older schizophrenia patients. The search spanned from database inception to November 2024. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the 2016 Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. Findings were synthesized via meta-aggregation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve studies were included, yielding forty - seven themes categorized into nine groups and further synthesized into four key findings: (1) Multifaceted physical and psychological burdens; (2) Social marginalization and relational strain; (3) Strong desire for multidimensional support; (4) Ageing reframed as an adaptive 'window of opportunity' for meaning-making and growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The synthesis reveals ageing with schizophrenia as a dynamic narrative of adversity and adaptation. It argues for a paradigm shift in psychological practice-from a deficit-focused model to a strength-based and developmental approach. Effective support must address internalized stigma and psychological trauma while actively fostering resilience, autonomy and a sense of purpose, thereby promoting psychological growth in later life.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative investigation of the lived experiences of adults with anxiety and related disorders and ADHD: Interconnectedness of symptoms and implications for improving care.","authors":"Arij Alarachi, Heather McNeely, Karen Rowa, Randi E McCabe","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly prevalent in adults with anxiety and related disorders (ARDs). Quantitative research on this clinical population is mixed, with some studies suggesting that anxiety is protective against some symptoms of ADHD and others in which co-occurring ARDs and ADHD are linked to poorer clinical and psychosocial outcomes. There are also several under-researched clinical challenges, including missed or misdiagnosis and confusion around best treatment practices. Importantly, yet to be investigated are client perceptions of the relationship between ARD and ADHD symptoms, as well as the unique challenges co-occurrence raises related to assessment and treatment.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The current study utilized a descriptive phenomenological approach to qualitatively investigate the lived experiences of adults with co-occurring ARDs and ADHD.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Sixteen (N = 16) treatment-seeking adults at a specialized outpatient ARDs clinic participated in individual semi-structured qualitative interviews and completed a survey consisting of demographic, diagnostic and treatment history questions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Qualitative data were transcribed verbatim, and Colaizzi's seven-step approach for descriptive phenomenological thematic analysis was used to extract themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six themes were found, with the most common ones being (1) it's complicated: perceived relationship between ADHD and anxiety symptoms, (2) diagnosis experiences: validation, surprise and integration and (3) system overload and polarizing experiences with symptoms and impairment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current study provides insights on the shared perceptions individuals have on the interconnectedness of their symptoms of ARDs and ADHD, and implications for improving assessment and treatment practices to better suit the needs of this clinical population.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147610453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The therapeutic relationship in in-person, video call, and telephone psychotherapy sessions.","authors":"Alberto Stefana, Teresa Fazia, Andrea Nova","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine whether and how patients' perceptions of working alliance, alliance ruptures, real relationship and affective reactions towards the therapist differ across in-person, videoconferencing and telephone psychotherapy sessions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 1175 adult patients undergoing various individual psychotherapies completed self-report measures following sessions conducted in-person (746 sessions), via video call (1037 sessions), or by telephone (149 sessions). Linear mixed models with marginal structural model (MSM) were employed. Interaction effects with age group, time-in-treatment and session frequency were also examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients reported similar levels of alliance, real relationship, positive and negative affective reactions and occurrences of alliance ruptures and repairs in both in-person and video call sessions. However, levels of alliance dimensions-agreement on therapy goals, therapy tasks and affective bond-were significantly lower in telephone sessions compared to in-person (β = -.21 to -.25) and video call (β = -.34 to -.37) sessions. Positive affective reactions were also lower in telephone sessions compared to video call sessions (β = -.22). Age, time in treatment and session frequency significantly moderated some associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The therapeutic relationship is comparable between in-person and video call sessions. Telephone sessions, however, are associated with lower working alliance and in-session positive affective reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147609143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High dental anxiety among adults worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis using the MDAS.","authors":"Marta Leśna, Krystyna Górna, Jakub Kwiatek","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Dental anxiety can significantly influence both oral health and overall quality of life. The present review aimed to estimate how common high dental anxiety is among adults worldwide, based on studies that used the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out following predefined eligibility criteria. We searched studies published between 2000 and 2025 that reported the proportion of adults scoring ≥19 on the MDAS. Primarily cross-sectional observational surveys, as well as selected clinical observational studies, were included. Using a random effects model, we calculated pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and conducted subgroup and sensitivity analyses to explore variation by time period and study setting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen studies, involving a total of 9267 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of high dental anxiety was 18% (95% CI: 0.10-0.30), with substantial between-study heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High dental anxiety may affect a substantial proportion of adults, depending on study context. These results emphasize the importance of prevention and intervention strategies aimed at reducing dental anxiety and promoting better oral health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An examination of core beliefs in generalized anxiety disorder.","authors":"Amy E Doust, Vesna Trenoska Basile, Sarah McDonald, Toby Newton-John, Bethany M Wootton","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterised by uncontrollable worries. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for GAD; however, manualised treatments rarely include interventions to target core beliefs. This study aimed to (1) explore the core beliefs about the self that are endorsed by individuals with GAD, (2) determine whether these beliefs are related to the severity of GAD symptoms, (3) examine if core beliefs about the self shift in response to CBT for GAD and (4) determine whether changes in core beliefs about the self are related to reductions in symptom severity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A secondary data analysis of a randomised controlled trial with a repeated measures design examining the efficacy of videoconferencing-delivered CBT for individuals with GAD. Seventy-seven participants were included in the study (M_{age =} 37.14; 84.4% female).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that core beliefs about the self were commonly endorsed in GAD; however, there was no significant relationship between core beliefs about the self and baseline GAD symptom severity. There was a significant reduction in the severity of core beliefs about the self from pre-treatment to post-treatment (p < .001; Cohen's d = .50) and pre-treatment to follow-up (p < .001; Cohen's d = .51) despite the treatment not explicitly targeting these beliefs. There was also a significant relationship between changes in core beliefs about the self and GAD symptom severity at post-treatment and follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide insight into the role of core beliefs about the self in the treatment of GAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding hoarding behaviours in the context of homelessness.","authors":"Tiago C Zortea, Fiona Symington, Alasdair Churchard, Paul M Salkovskis","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine cognitive beliefs associated with hoarding in the context of homelessness, focusing on fear of future material deprivation, and to compare housing-related adversities across groups with hoarding difficulties, homelessness or both.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional, three-group comparative study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults in the UK/Ireland were recruited between July 2023 and April 2024 through third-sector and clinical partners via online, postal and in-person routes. Participants were grouped as hoarding difficulties with homelessness in the past 10 years (H&H; n = 47), hoarding difficulties without homelessness (HD; n = 43) and homelessness without hoarding difficulties (HM; n = 39). Hoarding difficulties were identified by professional referral and eligibility screening, mapping onto DSM-5 criteria (self-report endorsement of all criteria). Primary outcomes were Beliefs About Hoarding Questionnaire-Revised (BAH) subscales (fear of material deprivation, harm avoidance, attachment disturbance). Secondary outcomes included negative housing experiences, hoarding severity (SI-R), depression (PHQ-8), anxiety (GAD-7), functioning (WSAS) and early material deprivation (EEMD). Mixed-model ANOVA tested group differences in BAH subscales, and Kruskal-Wallis tested housing experiences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant group-by-belief interaction emerged. Fear of material deprivation and attachment disturbance were higher in H&H and HD than in HM. Harm avoidance was highest in H&H. H&H reported more negative housing experiences than HD and did not differ from HM (H&H ≈ HM > HD). Exploratory analyses showed higher depression, anxiety and impairment in H&H. HD showed the greatest hoarding severity (SI-R total, clutter, discarding), whereas excessive acquisition was similar in H&H and HD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hoarding difficulties in homelessness contexts appear embedded in cumulative psychosocial vulnerability rather than explained by deprivation alone. Harm avoidance may be particularly salient when hoarding co-occurs with homelessness, suggesting potential targets for formulation and intervention in homelessness services.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147474851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment as usual psychological therapy for complex post-traumatic stress disorder in National Health Services in Scotland.","authors":"Edel Mc Glanaghy, Catrin Lewis, Jonathan I Bisson, Lewis Blair, Marylene Cloitre, Thanos Karatzias","doi":"10.1111/bjc.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>With Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) as a new diagnostic category, there is a diversity of interventions and influences on clinical practice, it is prudent that we gather information about current 'treatment as usual'. This study aims to address this need by describing the current clinical landscape of CPTSD treatments offered in NHS services in Scotland.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was distributed via heads of service managers to clinicians working with adults. The survey posed questions about psychological therapy models, professional experience and, for the clinicians' latest 3 discharged cases, the length of therapy and perceived patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-nine clinicians, most of whom were clinical psychologists, took part and provided data about 139 clinical cases. Twenty-three different therapeutic models were cited by clinicians, with phase-based approaches described by 64% of clinicians. The modal number of sessions was 21-30. Most cases were described as completed, with 28% ending before therapy was completed, and a further 7% dropped out. Of those who completed therapy, 86% were judged to have improved after therapy, with 11% judged to have deteriorated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a wide variety of treatments available for complex PTSD, and innovative interventions and trials are required to support future clinical decision-making about the optimal treatment components and therapy length.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147460512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}