British Journal of Clinical Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Experiences of imagery in obsessive-compulsive disorder: An interpretative phenomenological analysis.","authors":"Hannah E F Wedge, Louise Waddington, Andrew R Thompson","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mental imagery is a defining criterion within current OCD diagnoses, and yet little has been written about how this is experienced. This study aimed to investigate how people with a diagnosis of OCD experience imagery, to better understand how this might contribute to the condition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research employed Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and used semi-structured interviews. An expert-by-experience was involved in the study design. Eight adults with an OCD diagnosis were purposively sampled from NHS mental health services and interviewed about their experience of imagery. Interviews were transcribed and analysed in accordance with IPA guidelines. A reflexive log and audit trail were maintained during the research process to enhance quality control and to support the analytical process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six superordinate themes were found: Submersion in intense and multifaceted imagery; Overwhelming, uncontrollable imagery; Imagery is explosive and expansive; Imagery involves past memories and future fears; People respond to imagery as if it is real; Therapy shifts imagery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the intensity of OCD-related imagery experienced by people with OCD and the significance of this imagery in their everyday lives. All participants experienced imagery related to their OCD, demonstrating its importance in the phenomenology of the condition. Images relating to past experiences and images of future fears were identified. Clinicians should routinely seek to include imagery in assessment, formulation, and individual treatment plans for those with OCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous experiences of people with bipolar disorder during euthymia: Profiles of global remission and personal recovery.","authors":"Caroline Munuera, Philippe Compagnone, Sébastien Gard, François Chevrier, Basilie Chevrier, Katia M'Bailara","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Clinical heterogeneity is a major problem in mental health, referring to wide clinical variability among people with the same diagnosis. In bipolar disorders (BD), an heterogeneity was found both in global remission (symptomatic and functional) and in personal recovery during euthymia. This heterogeneity is a challenge for clinicians, who have to adapt their care to the individuals' characteristics. This preliminary study aimed at identifying profiles of experiences during euthymia by considering global remission (manic and depressive symptomatology, and functional impairment) and personal recovery, and exploring personal and contextual correlates associated with the heterogeneity of experiences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A convenience sample of 58 participants in euthymia of BD was recruited. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires. Consistent with a person-oriented approach, clustering was performed to identify profiles by simultaneously considering symptomatology, functional impairment, and personal recovery. Associations between the identified profiles and socio-demographic, clinical, and family characteristics were explored using analysis of variance, Fisher's exact tests, and post hoc tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five profiles were identified when considering both global remission and personal recovery: adverse experience (20.69%), slightly adverse experience (22.41%), unbalanced experience (10.34%), positive experience (22.14%), and hyperthymic positive experience (24.14%). Among the correlates, only current family functioning was significantly associated with the identified profiles through cohesion, communication, and satisfaction dimensions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results highlight that personal recovery and family dynamics of people with BD should be more considered in the clinical practice to better understand their experience during euthymia and adapt therapeutic care accordingly.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Not my mess'?: How do supporters of individuals with hoarding difficulties rate the quality of the support they offer?","authors":"James Dennis, Kate Rosen, Paul M Salkovskis","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Hoarding difficulties (HD) affect many people and cause upset and danger for the person, as well as friends and family. Previous research found that people with HD feel less adequately socially supported compared with individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). This study used the perspective of those offering support to infer whether people with HD view their support differently, or if there is a gap in support quality compared with those with OCD.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The design was cross-sectional, comparing those supporting OCD with those supporting HD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online questionnaire was completed by 116 people offering support (POS) to people with these conditions. Support quality was measured using an adapted, proxy version of the Revised Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire. The research hypothesized that POS(HD) would not differ on support ratings compared with POS(OCD); or that POS(HD) would report comparatively lower ratings across support components. Secondary analysis investigated group differences in stigmatized attitudes and associative stigma; internalized stigma by virtue of having a connection to a stigmatized individual.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>POS(HD) rated their wish to support and the perceived success as significantly lower. Public stigma was rated more highly by POS(HD) relative to POS(OCD) and associative stigma felt more acutely by POS(HD).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Motivation to support was significantly lower in the HD group with associative stigma a significant predictive factor. Further research involving dyads is needed to investigate what is causing this shortfall in support. Clinical research for HD interventions should also examine how involving POS could enhance treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief remote cognitive behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: An open trial.","authors":"Vesna Trenoska Basile, Toby Newton-John, Sarah McDonald, Bethany M Wootton","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a persistent mental health condition that results in significant individual and economic burden. The uptake of evidence-based treatment is low, with many individuals with GAD citing cost as one of the key barriers. Brief treatments, which are typically more cost effective than standard length treatments, have the potential to make treatment more accessible to patients with GAD. Despite evidence demonstrating the efficacy of brief treatments for a range of anxiety disorders, there are currently no such studies examining brief Internet videoconferencing-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (VCBT) interventions for patients with diagnosed GAD. The current study aims to examine the preliminary efficacy and acceptability of brief VCBT for GAD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The authors adopted an open trial design with 36 participants (77.8% female; M_age = 36.81 years; SD = 12.25) to examine the preliminary efficacy of a brief five-session VCBT intervention delivered remotely.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Large pre-treatment to post-treatment effects were seen on the primary outcome measure, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7 item (GAD-7; d = 1.13; 95% CI: .62-1.61) and treatment effects increased at 3-month follow-up (d = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.04-2.10). Participants rated the intervention as highly acceptable with 92% reporting that they were satisfied with the treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results provide preliminary support for the viability of brief remotely delivered CBT treatment in managing GAD symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of dropout in self-guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: An exploratory study.","authors":"Bethany M Wootton, Maral Melkonian, Sarah McDonald, Eyal Karin, Nickolai Titov, Blake F Dear","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Self-guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) is an effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); however, there is little research investigating who dropouts of treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct an exploratory study of predictors of dropout in self-guided ICBT for OCD. Given that definitions of dropout vary across ICBT studies, we conceptualized dropout in multiple ways: (1) early dropout (proportion of participants who did not complete the pre-treatment questionnaires); (2) proportion of participants who did not commence the intervention; (3) proportion of participants who did not complete the treatment; and (4) proportion of participants who did not complete the post-treatment questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This was a secondary data analysis of 323 participants with OCD symptoms who provided a successful screening assessment to commence an ICBT intervention. Binary logistic regression was used to predict dropout based on a number of exploratory variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Early dropout was predicted by the country of the participant (participants in the United Kingdom and India being more likely to dropout), as well as shorter symptom duration (explaining 7% of the variance). Medication use predicted non-completion of the intervention with those taking medication for OCD being less likely to complete the treatment (explaining 3% of the variance). Completion of the post-treatment questionnaires was predicted by higher contamination symptoms, lower depressive symptoms and higher pre-treatment conscientiousness (explaining 13% of the variance). There were no significant predictors of treatment commencement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study provides important preliminary information concerning which patients with OCD may be more likely to drop out of a self-guided ICBT intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More than Body Appearance! Improving body image in young women through a functionality-focused intervention combined with psychoeducation: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Silvia Cerea, Anna Panzeri, Beatrice Burdisso, Gioia Bottesi, Paolo Mancin, Martina Rapisarda, Marta Ghisi","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Body dissatisfaction is a public health concern, prevalent among women. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of a 2-week online functionality-focused intervention combined with psychoeducation on improving body image among young women at both high and low risk of Body Image Disorders (BIDs).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A randomized controlled trial was conducted among young women at high risk and low risk of developing BIDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 231 young women (n = 64 at high risk of BIDs) were randomized into: experimental (n = 113) and waitlist (n = 118) groups. The experimental group underwent the intervention at baseline (T0) for 15 days (T1), while the waitlist group started the intervention at T1 for 15 days (T2). Participants completed questionnaires about body and functionality appreciation, eating disorders (EDs) risk and extreme body dissatisfaction at baseline, 15 days from baseline and 30 days from baseline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mixed linear models revealed enhancements in body and functionality appreciation post-intervention for women at both high risk and low risk of BIDs. Reductions in EDs risk and body dissatisfaction were observed in participants at high risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The intervention proves to be useful in promoting a positive body image (i.e. body and functionality appreciation) in women at both high and low risk of BIDs, while the results concerning the risk of developing EDs and extreme body dissatisfaction are more nuanced.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A single-session feedback training modifies interpretation bias in individuals with high social anxiety: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Jisu Choi, Geunyoung Kim, Jae-Won Yang","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The ability to interpret facial expressions accurately is important to adaptive social functioning. Social anxiety disorder is associated with a biased interpretation of facial emotions. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of feedback training on modifying interpretation bias in individuals with high social anxiety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 451 university students were screened, and 69 participants with high social anxiety were randomly assigned to either a training (n = 37) or a control (n = 32) group. Participants completed pre-questionnaires on social anxiety and depression symptoms, then performed a single session of experiment, followed by post-questionnaires on social anxiety symptoms. In the experiment, participants viewed an ambiguous facial expression and rated the intensity on a continuous scale. The training group received feedback that presented their ratings alongside the actual intensity, allowing them to accurately assess their emotional perception bias through trial-by-trial feedback. The control group received no feedback.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The training group showed a significant reduction in interpretation bias for happy and angry faces after the experiment, while the control group did not. However, although the training group's social anxiety symptoms decreased post-experiment, the difference was not statistically significant compared to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide preliminary evidence that the feedback training targeting dimensional ratings of emotions may be a promising option for correcting interpretation bias in individuals with high social anxiety. Future research could implement multiple sessions of training to potentially reduce both interpretation bias and social anxiety symptoms and verify the long-term effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trauma and social pathways to psychosis: Examining the role of attachment, social rank and dissociation in a clinical sample.","authors":"Shelley Grady, Niall Crowley, Seamus Scott, Charles Ifegwu Ndukwe, Rebecca Donohoe, Keith Gaynor","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12511","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjc.12511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The trauma and social pathways model of psychosis proposes interactions between trauma, attachment, social rank and dissociation in pathways to psychosis, though this model has yet to be empirically investigated. The primary aim of this study was to examine the overall predictive value of the trauma and social pathways model using regression analysis. A secondary aim was to delineate hypothesized pathways between trauma and positive symptoms of psychosis using serial mediation analysis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study of people attending mental health services for a psychosis-related diagnosis (N = 71). Measures of trauma, positive symptoms of psychosis, attachment, social comparison and dissociation were completed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A model of recurrent trauma, insecure attachment, social rank and dissociation predicted 23.2% of the variance in positive symptoms of psychosis. Recurrent trauma, attachment and dissociation contributed significantly to the model, while social rank did not. Further, serial mediation analysis indicated that the sequence of disorganized attachment and dissociation fully mediated the relationship between recurrent trauma and positive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results provide preliminary support for the trauma and social pathways model of psychosis, specifically as it relates to recurrent trauma, insecure attachment and dissociation. Results did not support the social rank component of this model, however. These findings provide clear targets for the development of next-wave psychological interventions that focus on trauma-related variables in psychosis. Future studies should replicate these findings with a larger clinical sample, and consider a measure of shame to further elucidate social processes in pathways to psychosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ensuring that psychological interventions are delivered as intended on mental health inpatient wards.","authors":"Katherine Berry, Fritz Handerer, Sandra Bucci, Georgina Penn, Helen Morley, Jessica Raphael, Karina Lovell, Owen Price, Dawn Edge, Richard J Drake, Gillian Haddock","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Talk, Understand and Listen for InPatient Settings (TULIPS) was a multi-centred randomized control trial of an intervention that aimed to increase patient access to psychological therapies on acute mental health wards. This paper aims to: (i) describe a strategy for designing a psychological intervention that is implementable in inpatient mental health settings; (ii) describe methods for assessing the fidelity of interventions within these settings; (iii) report on the extent to which fidelity was achieved in the TULIPS trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The TULIPS intervention was designed using information from a systematic review, stakeholder interviews, pilot work and a consensus workshop. We assessed fidelity to the model in terms of the delivery and dose of essential elements of the intervention, quality of intervention delivery, engagement of participants with the intervention and differentiation between the intervention and usual care.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although the TULIPS intervention targeted known barriers to the delivery of psychological interventions on mental health wards, we found issues in implementing aspects of the intervention that were dependent upon the participation of members of the multidisciplinary team. Psychologists were able to overcome barriers to delivering individual therapy to patients as this provision was not reliant on the availability of other staff.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The intervention period in the study was 6 months. A greater period of time with a critical mass of psychological practitioners is needed to embed psychological interventions on inpatient wards. Our fidelity framework and assessment methods can be used by other researchers implementing and testing psychological therapies within inpatient environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting optimal treatment allocation for cognitive analytic-guided self-help versus cognitive behavioural-guided self-help.","authors":"Caroline Wojnarowski, Melanie Simmonds-Buckley, Stephen Kellett","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Given the ubiquity in routine services of low-intensity guided self-help (GSH) psychological interventions, better patient selection for these brief interventions would be organizationally efficient. This study therefore sought to define who would respond best to two different types of GSH for anxiety to enable better future treatment matching.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study used outcome data from a patient preference trial (N = 209) comparing cognitive analytic therapy-guided self-help (CAT-GSH) with cognitive behavioural therapy-guided self-help (CBT-GSH). Elastic Net regularization and Boruta random forest variable selection methods were applied. Regression models calculated the patient advantage index (PAI) to designate which GSH was likely the most effective for each patient. Outcomes were compared for those receiving their PAI-indicated optimal and non-optimal GSH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower baseline depression and anxiety severity predicted better outcomes for both types of GSH. Patient preference status was not associated with outcome during either GSH. Sixty-three % received their model indicating optimal GSH and these had significantly higher rates of reliable and clinically significant reductions in anxiety at both post-treatment (35.9% vs. 16.6%) and follow-up (36.6% vs. 19.2%). No single patient with a large PAI had a reliable and clinically significant reduction in anxiety at post-treatment or follow-up when they did not receive their optimal GSH.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Treatment matching algorithms have the potential to support evidenced-based treatment selection for GSH. Treatment selection and supporting patient choice needs to be integrated. Future research needs to investigate the use of the PAI for GSH treatment matching, but with larger and more balanced samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}