British Journal of Clinical Psychology最新文献_第3页

Intolerance of uncertainty and psychosis: A systematic review. 对不确定性的不容忍与精神病：系统综述。

IF 3.8 3区心理学

British Journal of Clinical Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12509

Jayne Morriss, Daisy Butler, Lyn Ellett

{"title":"Intolerance of uncertainty and psychosis: A systematic review.","authors":"Jayne Morriss, Daisy Butler, Lyn Ellett","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12509","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Intolerance of uncertainty, the tendency to interpret and react negatively to uncertainty, is a transdiagnostic risk factor for anxiety, depression and eating-related disorders. Given the high comorbidity between anxiety, depression and schizophrenia-spectrum diagnoses (SSDs), there is potential for intolerance of uncertainty to play a role in modulating psychosis symptoms. To address this gap in our understanding, we conducted the first prospectively registered systematic review on intolerance of uncertainty and psychotic symptoms in both people with SSDs and in the general population.Methods: Four databases were searched (PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science and PubMed), which identified ten studies with a total of 1503 participants that measured intolerance of uncertainty and psychosis symptoms.Results: Key findings suggest the following: (1) Intolerance of uncertainty was associated with total negative psychotic symptoms with small-medium effect sizes; (2) intolerance of uncertainty was higher in individuals with an 'at-risk' mental state for psychosis compared to controls; (3) higher intolerance of uncertainty was associated with more individual psychotic symptoms related to delusions and paranoia within clinical and nonclinical samples; and (4) there was mixed evidence for a relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and auditory hallucinations and intolerance of uncertainty and total positive symptoms in clinical samples.Conclusions: Overall, these findings highlight that intolerance of uncertainty may be an important transdiagnostic dimension and potential treatment target for psychotic symptoms such as delusions and paranoia in people with SSDs.","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Implicit associations with non-suicidal self-injury: Examination in a clinical sample by borderline personality symptomatology. 非自杀性自伤的隐性关联：通过边缘型人格症状对临床样本进行检查。

IF 3.8 3区心理学

British Journal of Clinical Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12506

Stephanie Jarvi Steele, Nigel M Jaffe, Claire A Kelly, Thröstur Björgvinsson, Lance P Swenson

{"title":"Implicit associations with non-suicidal self-injury: Examination in a clinical sample by borderline personality symptomatology.","authors":"Stephanie Jarvi Steele, Nigel M Jaffe, Claire A Kelly, Thröstur Björgvinsson, Lance P Swenson","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12506","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjc.12506","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: We examine correlates and predictors for implicit associations with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) with the Self-Injury Implicit Association Test (SI-IAT) in a treatment-seeking sample. We also examine group differences in the SI-IAT among those with low/none, moderate and high/clinically significant borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptomatology in a treatment-seeking sample.Methods: Participants (N = 111; 58% female; 89% White; Mage = 30.25) completed the SI-IAT and self-report measures at two time points.Results: Higher BPD symptom scores were significantly, positively correlated with implicit identification with NSSI, and predicted NSSI identity when controlling for depression indices, history of NSSI and other covariates. With Time 1 SI-IAT scores entered as a covariate, BPD scores no longer significantly predicted Time 2 SI-IAT scores. Individuals with moderate and high/clinically significant symptom counts of BPD had higher/stronger implicit associations with NSSI identity than those with no/low BPD symptoms.Conclusions: Individuals with symptoms of BPD may implicitly identify with NSSI more than other clinical groups; examination of implicit assessments in BPD in future research is needed to further explore implicit identification with NSSI in this patient group to further understand both cross-sectional and prospective relations.","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of the Flexibility in Daily Life scale to measure multidimensional cognitive and behavioural flexibility in health and disease. 开发 "日常生活灵活性量表"，用于测量健康和疾病中的多维认知和行为灵活性。

IF 3.8 3区心理学

British Journal of Clinical Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-22 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12505

Kristina Horne, Tao Chen, Muireann Irish

{"title":"Development of the Flexibility in Daily Life scale to measure multidimensional cognitive and behavioural flexibility in health and disease.","authors":"Kristina Horne, Tao Chen, Muireann Irish","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12505","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Inflexibility of thought and behaviour is a transdiagnostic feature of many neuropsychiatric disorders and presents several empirical measurement challenges. Here, we developed and validated the Flexibility in Daily Life scale (FIDL); a novel, self-report questionnaire, which captures expressions of cognitive and behavioural flexibility in daily life and is sensitive to natural shifts in these processes across the adult lifespan.Methods: The FIDL was developed using a deductive scale development approach, which aimed to capture common themes within the flexibility literature and across diagnoses (e.g. insistence on sameness, preference for routines). Following multidisciplinary consensus, an initial 37-item questionnaire was submitted for validation in an online sample of 295 healthy adult participants (19-78 years).Results: Exploratory factor analysis produced a revised 21-item version comprising five factors, labelled: Repetition, Switching, Predictability/Control, Routine, and Thoughts/Beliefs. Internal consistency reliability was good-to-strong for the total FIDL score and moderate-to-strong for individual subscales. Convergent validity was established between the FIDL and an existing measure of cognitive flexibility. Critically, the FIDL total score evinced a U-shaped relationship with age, whereby flexibility was lower at the younger and older tails of the lifespan and greater in middle age. The same U-shaped trajectory emerged for the Repetition, Routine, and Thoughts/Beliefs factors.Conclusions: Overall, the FIDL is a valid and reliable multidimensional measure of flexibility, which upholds a clearly defined factor structure and good psychometric properties. It promises to be a valuable clinical and research tool to assess the natural fluctuations in flexibility across the lifespan and departures thereof.","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Broadening accessibillity and scalability of interventions for trauma-related conditions 扩大创伤相关疾病干预措施的可及性和可扩展性。

IF 3.8 3区心理学

British Journal of Clinical Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12500

Caitlin Hitchcock, Skye Fitzpatrick

{"title":"Broadening accessibillity and scalability of interventions for trauma-related conditions","authors":"Caitlin Hitchcock, Skye Fitzpatrick","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12500","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjc.12500","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 Trauma-related conditions, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, are associated with high rates of impairment and distress. Evidence-based interventions for many trauma-related conditions exert robust effects on their primary outcomes. However, logistical, financial, geographic and stigma-related barriers to accessing these interventions exist.\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 Innovations that overcome barriers to access and engagement and increase the scalability of interventions for trauma-related conditions are sorely needed.\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 Here, we explore the following two potential avenues towards meeting this need: changes to the delivery model, including embedding interventions in settings which are already accessed by trauma-exposed individuals (e.g. schools, social care systems) and harnessing advancements in technology to provide truly accessible trauma-focussed interventions.\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":"64 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A narrative review of factors affecting memory confidence in the context of compulsive checking: A search for evidence-based potential therapeutic targets to improve memory confidence. 对强迫性检查中影响记忆信心因素的叙述性回顾：寻找基于证据的潜在治疗目标，提高记忆信心。

IF 3.8 3区心理学

British Journal of Clinical Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12501

Javad Abbasi Jondani, Fariba Yazdkhasti

{"title":"A narrative review of factors affecting memory confidence in the context of compulsive checking: A search for evidence-based potential therapeutic targets to improve memory confidence.","authors":"Javad Abbasi Jondani, Fariba Yazdkhasti","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12501","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: According to current models of compulsive checking, memory confidence greatly contributes to the development and maintenance of checking behaviours. However, how to intervene in memory confidence in an evidence-based manner has not yet been fully understood. Thus, the purpose of the current paper was to identify the factors influencing memory confidence through the review of experimental evidence.Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, OpenGrey and ProQuest databases were searched by combining two sets of keywords related to memory confidence and checking. Our search yielded 24 experiments. Due to the considerable heterogeneity of the studies regarding questionnaires, tasks and paradigms used, data were synthesized using a narrative review approach.Results: Six factors emerged from a thorough review of the literature, including negative memory belief, higher memory standard, inflated sense of responsibility, familiarization with the checked stimuli, number of checks and anxious valence of the checked stimuli.Conclusion: The findings have important implications for the treatment of compulsive checking. We suggested general guidelines to translate these factors into a novel intervention to increase memory confidence in compulsive checkers.","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emotion regulation and psychopathology: Investigating differential associations between emotion regulation skills and psychological symptoms using a network approach. 情绪调节与精神病理学：利用网络方法调查情绪调节技能与心理症状之间的不同关联。

IF 3.8 3区心理学

British Journal of Clinical Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12493

Sebastian Trautmann, Markus Muehlhan, Matthias Berking, Sandra Miethe, Janna Wigger, Małgorzata Dragan

{"title":"Emotion regulation and psychopathology: Investigating differential associations between emotion regulation skills and psychological symptoms using a network approach.","authors":"Sebastian Trautmann, Markus Muehlhan, Matthias Berking, Sandra Miethe, Janna Wigger, Małgorzata Dragan","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12493","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Emotion regulation plays an important role in the development and maintenance of psychopathology. However, the question whether specific ER skills are related to specific psychological symptoms has rarely been studied, but has important implications for targeted interventions. This analysis aims to explore potential differential associations between various ER skills and psychological symptoms using a network analysis approach.Methods: Routine data from a transdiagnostic clinical sample of 716 patients (460 females, 256 males) from an outpatient clinic for psychotherapy were analysed. Nine ER skills were assessed with the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire, and nine symptom dimension scores were obtained using the Brief Symptom Inventory. A regularized partial correlation network models including ER skills and individual symptom domains were calculated. Bridge expected influence was calculated to estimate the strength of association of each ER skill with psychological symptoms.Results: Only the following ER skills were most strongly related to psychological symptoms (bridge expected influence): Tolerance, Confrontation and Modification. All other ER skills were indirectly connected to symptom severity through these four skills. The strongest direct edges between ER skills and symptoms were Modification-Depression, Confrontation-Obsession-Compulsion and Tolerance-Interpersonal Sensitivity, which were significantly stronger than the vast majority of other associations between ER skills and psychological symptoms.Conclusions: These exploratory findings provide valuable targets for future studies to investigate specific associations between ER skills and psychological symptoms which could help to improve outcome monitoring and efficacy of interventions targeting ER.","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of social anxiety and self-schemas on the impact and meaningfulness of positive versus negative social autobiographical memories. 社交焦虑和自我暗示对积极与消极社交自传体记忆的影响和意义的影响。

IF 3.8 3区心理学

British Journal of Clinical Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12504

Katie E Martin, Sophie M Kudryk, David A Moscovitch

{"title":"Effects of social anxiety and self-schemas on the impact and meaningfulness of positive versus negative social autobiographical memories.","authors":"Katie E Martin, Sophie M Kudryk, David A Moscovitch","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12504","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Social anxiety is characterized by maladaptive self-schemas about being socially undesirable. Self-schemas are deeply held beliefs which are derived from negative autobiographical memories of painful social experiences. In contrast to the plethora of past research on negative memories in social anxiety, almost no research has investigated objectively positive social autobiographical memories. In this preregistered study, we examined the effects of social anxiety and self-schemas on the appraised impact and meaningfulness of retrieved positive versus negative social autobiographical memories.Method: Participants recruited via Prolific (final n = 343) were randomized to one of two conditions in which they were instructed to retrieve, orally narrate, and appraise a positive or negative social autobiographical memory of a specific experience from their personal past where they felt either valued or unvalued, respectively.Results: Results demonstrated that participants rated their positive memories as more impactful and meaningful than negative memories overall, but this effect was reversed for participants who endorsed having either stronger negative self-schemas or greater social anxiety symptoms, for whom negative memories were more impactful. Additionally, participants who endorsed having stronger positive self-schemas rated their negative memories as significantly less impactful and their positive memories as nearly more impactful.Conclusion: Together, these results elucidate how self-schemas and social anxiety are related to autobiographical memory appraisals, paving the way for future research on memory-based therapeutic interventions for social anxiety disorder.","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender bias in assessing narcissistic personality: Exploring the utility of the ICD‐11 dimensional model 自恋型人格评估中的性别偏见：探索 ICD-11 维度模型的实用性

IF 3.1 3区心理学

British Journal of Clinical Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12503

A. Green, N. J. S. Day, C. M. Hart, B. F. S. Grenyer, B. Bach

{"title":"Gender bias in assessing narcissistic personality: Exploring the utility of the ICD‐11 dimensional model","authors":"A. Green, N. J. S. Day, C. M. Hart, B. F. S. Grenyer, B. Bach","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12503","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectivesNarcissistic personality disorder as captured in categorical diagnostic systems (e.g., DSM‐5) emphasizes grandiose features more associated with masculine norms and under‐emphasizes vulnerable features more associated with femininity. This poses significant implications in diagnostic outcome and clinical treatment in women with narcissistic preoccupations. Research finds that clinicians using the DSM‐5 categorical system tend to diagnose vulnerable narcissism in women as other ‘feminized’ personality disorders (e.g., borderline), but no research has explored gender differences in narcissism using the new ICD‐11 dimensional framework for personality disorders. This study investigated the clinical utility of the ICD‐11 approach in capturing gender differences in narcissistic presentations.MethodsAdopting an online vignette‐based study, mental health clinicians (N = 157; 71.3% female) completed ratings of ICD‐11 personality disorder severity and trait domains for two cases reflecting ‘grandiose’ and ‘vulnerable’ narcissism in hypothetical male or female patients.ResultsThe results showed that ratings of core impairments in personality functioning and overall severity were consistent irrespective of patient or clinician gender, contrasting prior research using categorical models.ConclusionWhile some differences were observed in trait domain (e.g., negative affectivity) between patient gender, these results suggest the clinical utility of the ICD‐11 model as emphasizing elements of personality functioning in the process of assessment and diagnosis, therefore potentially being less susceptible to influences of gender stereotype in aiding clinical conceptualization.","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":"388 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Momentary displays of compassion and the relationship between psychosis, mood and risk incidents on inpatient wards: An experience sampling study. 住院病人病房中瞬间表现出的同情心与精神病、情绪和风险事件之间的关系：经验取样研究。

IF 3.8 3区心理学

British Journal of Clinical Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12496

Leanne Irwin, Katherine Berry, Tobyn Bell, Lesley-Anne Carter, Alisa Udachina

{"title":"Momentary displays of compassion and the relationship between psychosis, mood and risk incidents on inpatient wards: An experience sampling study.","authors":"Leanne Irwin, Katherine Berry, Tobyn Bell, Lesley-Anne Carter, Alisa Udachina","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12496","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Psychosis can be thought of as a threat-based experience. Compassion has been shown to be effective in reducing threat, although highly distressed individuals may struggle to be self-compassionate. This study explored the effects of compassionate interactions with staff on inpatients with psychosis.Method: Experience Sampling Method (ESM) was used to investigate the relationships between compassion from staff and paranoia, voice hearing, distress related to psychosis experiences, affect and risk incidents in daily life. Twenty-two service users residing on inpatient mental health wards took part. Baseline measures of compassion, fears of compassion and affect were taken. Participants completed ESM assessments 10 times per day, over 6 days.Results: Compassion from staff was associated with a small increase in voice hearing, but was not associated with paranoia, paranoia-related distress, voice-related distress, negative affect, positive affect, or risk incidents in daily life. Baseline fears of compassion moderated the relationships between compassion from staff and some of the service user outcomes. For inpatients scoring low on fears of compassion, compassionate interactions were associated with increased positive affect and lower paranoia. However, for those scoring high on fears of compassion, this relationship was reversed, and compassionate interactions were associated with higher paranoia and lower positive affect.Conclusion: People with psychosis who have fears of compassion may benefit from receiving support to address these fears in order to experience the benefit from the compassion of staff. The results should be interpreted with caution due to the low number of observations and limited statistical power.","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of therapy quality on outcomes from behavioural activation and guided self-help treatments for depression in adults with intellectual disabilities. 治疗质量对智障成人抑郁症行为激活和引导式自助治疗结果的影响。

IF 3.8 3区心理学

British Journal of Clinical Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12502

Dave Dagnan, Paul Thompson, Richard P Hastings, Chris Hatton, Chris Melville, Sally-Ann Cooper, Nicola McMeekin, Lauren Fulton, Rob S P Jones, Alex McConnachie, Andrew Jahoda

引用次数: 0