William Hamilton, Daniel E. Duerr, Cheryl Hemphill, Kathleen Colello
{"title":"Techno-capital, cultural capital, and the cultivation of academic social capital: The case of adult online college students","authors":"William Hamilton, Daniel E. Duerr, Cheryl Hemphill, Kathleen Colello","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current study examines the role of cultural capital and techno-capital in the academic social capital formation process, focusing on adult online college students (<em>N</em> = 725) enrolled at a private not-for-profit university in the US. Multiple regression results indicated that cultural capital predicted behavioral integration, an important means through which academic social capital is cultivated; yet, techno-competency, a subscale of techno-capital, predicted the ways in which students perceived their own integration. The findings lend support to the notion that students with higher levels of cultural capital enact academic engagement because they have a better understanding of the “rules of the game,” but techno-capital enables individuals to mobilize a particular set of skills and their socialized understanding of the online context to extract value and realize the benefits from academic engagement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48186,"journal":{"name":"Internet and Higher Education","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 100891"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of role assignment on social presence in online discussions: A mixed-method study","authors":"Fatma Şeyh, Mutlu Şen-Akbulut, Duygu Umutlu","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the effect of role assignment strategy on undergraduate students' social presence in asynchronous online discussions. Asynchronous online discussion activities were designed and implemented in an educational technology course. In the experimental groups, participants engaged in online discussion activities designed with the role assignment strategy to support social presence using specific roles (starter, moderator, or summarizer) while the control group participants completed the discussion activities without using the role assignment strategy. Results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the social presence levels of the experimental group and the control group. Qualitative content analysis of the discussion posts revealed that there were more social presence indicators in the posts of the participants who were assigned roles compared to the ones who did not have roles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48186,"journal":{"name":"Internet and Higher Education","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 100892"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do learners share the same perceived learning outcomes in MOOCs? Identifying the role of motivation, perceived learning support, learning engagement, and self-regulated learning strategies","authors":"Xiaomei Wei , Nadira Saab , Wilfried Admiraal","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to examine how motivation, perceived learning support, learning engagement, and self-regulated learning strategies relate to learners' perceived learning outcomes of massive open online courses (MOOCs). An online survey was administered to 546 participants from four MOOCs. Seven types of reasons for attending MOOCs were identified, ranging from intrinsic to extrinsic motivation. One-way MANOVA revealed that learners with autonomous motivation demonstrate higher scores on perceived learning outcomes than learners with controlled motivation. In addition, multiple regression analysis methods showed that course design, interaction with instructors and peers, engagement in learning activities, and applying cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies significantly explain differences in perceived learning outcomes. Furthermore, mediation analyses demonstrated that cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies significantly mediated the relationships between motivation, perceived learning support, and learning engagement on the one hand and perceived learning outcomes on the other. Finally, practical implications are discussed and future research directions are recommended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48186,"journal":{"name":"Internet and Higher Education","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 100880"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50176752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identifying university students’ online academic help-seeking patterns and their role in Internet self-efficacy","authors":"Yang-Hsin Fan , Tzung-Jin Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The main purposes of this study were, first, to identify Taiwanese university students’ online academic help-seeking (OAHS) patterns and further to compare their Internet self-efficacy (ISE) among the identified patterns. A total of 366 Taiwanese university students were invited to fill out two questionnaires to understand their OAHS and ISE, respectively. The results revealed that three OAHS patterns, <em>adaptive</em>, <em>self-reliant</em>, and <em>socially-affiliated</em>, were characterized based on the cluster analysis. The differences in the students’ various ISE dimensions among the three patterns were then compared. The <em>adaptive</em> students, who commonly adopted all types of OAHS behaviors, tended to be the most efficacious in the seven measured ISE dimensions. The <em>self-reliant</em> students, highlighting that they mainly sought help by searching for relevant information online, showed higher confidence in the ISE dimensions of “Usage,” “Application,” and “Learning” than did the <em>socially-affiliated</em> students (i.e., those who tended to use formal and informal queries to seek academic help online). The <em>socially-affiliated</em> students only showed higher confidence in sharing online information than the <em>self-reliant</em> students. However, in the “Communication,” “Verifying,” and “Metacognition” ISE dimensions, there were no significant differences between the <em>socially-affiliated</em> and <em>self-reliant</em> students.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48186,"journal":{"name":"Internet and Higher Education","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 100893"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50176729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chengyuan Jia , Khe Foon Hew , Du Jiahui , Li Liuyufeng
{"title":"Towards a fully online flipped classroom model to support student learning outcomes and engagement: A 2-year design-based study","authors":"Chengyuan Jia , Khe Foon Hew , Du Jiahui , Li Liuyufeng","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The overarching goal of this design-based research is to develop and evaluate a set of design principles for a <em>fully online</em> flipped classroom to support students' learning outcomes, behavioural, emotional, and cognitive engagement. In a fully online flipped classroom, students are encouraged to complete online pre-class activities asynchronously. But unlike in the conventional flipped approach, students do not subsequently meet face-to-face in classrooms, but rather online synchronously. The testbed involved a conventional flipped class (Cycle 0), a fully online flipped class (Cycle 1), and a refined fully online flipped class (Cycle 2). The results showed that although all three groups of students performed equally well in learning, the refined online flipped model was more effective in supporting students' behavioural engagement in the synchronous online class sessions than the online flipped model. This study contributes to the extant literature by explicating the design principles that support student engagement in fully online flipped learning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48186,"journal":{"name":"Internet and Higher Education","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 100878"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50176751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Progression of students' SRL processes in subsequent programming problem-solving tasks and its association with tasks outcomes","authors":"Marek Hatala , Sina Nazeri , Fatemeh Salehian Kia","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Learning programming is difficult, and many students fail or have poor outcomes. To learn to program means to master steps in the complex problem-solving activity. Previous research uncovered a rich set of domain-specific and generic cognitive and metacognitive strategies students use when they learn to program. The processes that problem-solving experts demonstrate are very similar to those studied by self-regulated learning researchers. This study proposes Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) process types derived from the SRL phases indicators developed from log data captured from students' interaction with the instructional scaffold for programming assignments in LMS. The process types were defined from theoretical and pragmatic perspectives, with the aim to indicate concrete interventions for improving problemsolving skills. We have observed and quantified students' use of the SRL processes of distinct types in the series of five problem-solving assignments. We have also observed the progression of SRL processes used by each student in the assignments. Our modelling showed that students with domain knowledge at the same level achieve higher assignment marks when they demonstrate SRL processes at the higher level; importantly, students with the lowest programming skills benefit the most.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48186,"journal":{"name":"Internet and Higher Education","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 100881"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florence Martin , Swapna Kumar , Albert D. Ritzhaupt , Drew Polly
{"title":"Bichronous online learning: Award-winning online instructor practices of blending asynchronous and synchronous online modalities","authors":"Florence Martin , Swapna Kumar , Albert D. Ritzhaupt , Drew Polly","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bichronous Online Learning is the blending of asynchronous and synchronous online learning. In this qualitative study, 12 award-winning online instructors were interviewed for their online teaching practices focused on blending, design, facilitation, and assessment of asynchronous and synchronous online modalities. Data was collected through virtual interviews which were recorded, transcribed and analyzed. Award-winning instructor practices of blending are discussed through their blending decisions, sequences, and models. Instructors shared their decisions related to blending, such as modality purposes, affordances, and required or optional synchronous sessions. Blending sequences that emerged were asynchronous followed by synchronous, asynchronous followed by synchronous and then asynchronous again. Blending models that resulted were the complement model, replacement model and enhancement model. Asynchronous and synchronous design, facilitation and assessment strategies used by the award-winning online instructors are discussed in detail. The findings have implications for online instructors, students, instructional designers and administrators.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48186,"journal":{"name":"Internet and Higher Education","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 100879"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Credit hours is not enough: Explaining undergraduate perceptions of course workload using LMS records","authors":"Zachary A. Pardos , Conrad Borchers , Run Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Credit hours traditionally quantify expected instructional time per week in a course, informing student course selection decisions and contributing to degree requirement satisfaction. In this study, we investigate course load measures beyond this metric, including determinants from course assignment structure and LMS interactions. Collecting 596 course load ratings on time load, mental effort, and psychological stress, we investigate to what extent course design decisions gleaned from LMS data explain students’ perception of course load. We find that credit hours alone explain little variance compared to LMS features, specifically number of assignments and course drop ratios late in the semester. Student-level features (e.g., satisfied prerequisites and course GPA) exhibited stronger associations with course load than the credit hours of a course; however, they added only little explained variance when combined with LMS features. We analyze students’ perceived importance and manageability of course load dimensions and argue in favor of adopting a construct of course load more holistic than credit hours.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48186,"journal":{"name":"Internet and Higher Education","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 100882"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lisa-Maria Norz, Verena Dornauer, Werner O. Hackl, Elske Ammenwerth
{"title":"Measuring social presence in online-based learning: An exploratory path analysis using log data and social network analysis","authors":"Lisa-Maria Norz, Verena Dornauer, Werner O. Hackl, Elske Ammenwerth","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Social presence is a key element in collaborative/cooperative learning. In online learning environments, it is challenging to measure the current state of social presence. This work aims to identify measures of social presence.</p><p>We manually coded 3546 students' postings (<em>n</em> = 49 students). We selected measures from social network analysis and indices derived from log data as potential indicators. We conducted an exploratory path analysis to define which indicators appropriately describe social presence.</p><p>The size of the individual egocentric student's network (path coefficient = −0.56**) and constraint (path coefficient = −0.51**), as well as the number of forums in which students were active (path coefficient = 0.49**) and the number of solved learning activities (path coefficient = −0.59**) were indicators of the level of social presence.</p><p>We were able to identify four indicators for social presence in online-based courses readily available within routine data from learning management systems. We will focus now on how social presence in an ongoing course develops.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48186,"journal":{"name":"Internet and Higher Education","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 100894"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50176730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yael Feldman-Maggor , Ron Blonder , Inbal Tuvi-Arad
{"title":"Let them choose: Optional assignments and online learning patterns as predictors of success in online general chemistry courses","authors":"Yael Feldman-Maggor , Ron Blonder , Inbal Tuvi-Arad","doi":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iheduc.2022.100867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examined learning processes in undergraduate online general chemistry courses. The study aimed to characterize learners according to their learning patterns and to identify indicators that predict students' success in an online environment. Specifically, we focused on the role of a central factor affecting success in online courses: self-regulated learning and learner engagement. To this end, we used a mixed methods approach that combines semi-structured interviews and statistical analysis. We applied two logistic regression models and a decision tree algorithm and found two parameters that can predict completion of the course: the submission status of an optional assignment and the students' cumulative video opening pattern (SCOP). Recommendations for institutions and lecturers regarding the benefits of implementing these models to identify self-regulated learning patterns in online courses and to design future effective interventions are discussed. Regarding students, we emphasize the importance of time management and how choices they make with respect to their learning process affect their potential for success.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48186,"journal":{"name":"Internet and Higher Education","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100867"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77087434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}